EP0724677B1 - Maison à plusieurs étages d'habitation et procédé pour la construire - Google Patents

Maison à plusieurs étages d'habitation et procédé pour la construire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0724677B1
EP0724677B1 EP94928509A EP94928509A EP0724677B1 EP 0724677 B1 EP0724677 B1 EP 0724677B1 EP 94928509 A EP94928509 A EP 94928509A EP 94928509 A EP94928509 A EP 94928509A EP 0724677 B1 EP0724677 B1 EP 0724677B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
room
living space
residential building
necessary
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94928509A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0724677A1 (fr
Inventor
Raphael Fleischhauer
Jürg Thomann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CLIP SYSTEMS AG
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CLIP Systems AG
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Publication of EP0724677A1 publication Critical patent/EP0724677A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0724677B1 publication Critical patent/EP0724677B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34869—Elements for special technical purposes, e.g. with a sanitary equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for creating a house according to the Preamble of claim 1 and a multi-storey residential building according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • the well-known room cell could also be designed so that those laid in it Installation lines also have connection elements on the outside of the cell walls to have installation facilities such as, for example, on these outer sides Connect kitchen appliances (stove, dishwasher or washing machine, refrigerator and the like) to be able to.
  • a disadvantage of the well-known residential building was the establishment of the floor plan through the spatial cell, which often leads to an unsatisfactory, unfavorable floor plan organization led. This was reinforced by the static design of the rest of the house was aligned with the permanently installed cell.
  • a multi-storey house is known from the GDR patent specification DD 203 590, So-called wet cells are attached to the outer wall of the room with sanitary installations were.
  • the room cells were used for renovation work on old buildings. With these room cells, it should be possible to use existing buildings without regard on their floor plan, retrofitting wet cells.
  • the DD 203 590 suggested breaking door openings out of the outer walls of the old building and wet cells between vertical bars of a skeletal structure hang up.
  • the vertical scaffold spars were fixed in the outer wall of the old building anchored and connected to each other at the top by a cross strut. It was there skeletal scaffold not a work scaffold used to attach the wet room, but a supporting scaffold that remains on the dwelling house and holds the wet cells. For fixation with the house they were on one of the side walls of the house clinged on.
  • DE-A used a construction analogous to DD 203 590 41 22 526.
  • US-A 3 882 649 a modular system for the creation of residential buildings described in which only three different units, namely a room unit, a beam element and a floor element were used.
  • the room units represented the load-bearing elements between the individual floors. Since they are in the interior of the house were fully integrated, they were not independent Units to grasp and could not on the outside of a residential building be arranged, which excluded interchangeability.
  • FR-A 2 478 170 struck a single one with a solar system on the front Space cell in front. Either the partially wall-less part of the room was prepared into one Empty space of the residential building inserted so that only the solar part outside of the residential building remained or that from a light scaffolding (iron reinforcement scaffold) Formed outer sides of the only room cell were made with concrete shed common walls with the residential part of the building. The goal was this to integrate a room cell into the part of the residential building.
  • a room cell to be designed as a sanitary cell for installation in a living room is in CH-A 554 476. Further room cells are from FR-A 2 286923, US-A 4 457 116, CH-A 503 855, CH-A 505 264, CH-A 560 815, the DE-A 25 20 682 and DE-A 40 06 605 are known.
  • a prefabricated room cell equipped with residential infrastructure is understood to mean a room who have the necessary heating, sanitary, Contains electrical and kitchen installations as well as ventilation systems, with all units already installed far away from the construction site and ready for operation be made.
  • This room cell is only set up on the construction site and with the electrical connections arranged in the floor as well as fresh water supply and Sewage drain connected.
  • the object of the invention is a method for creating an inexpensive to show multi-storey residential building and a cost-effective, to create multi-storey residential building, the housing infrastructure of the latest developments can be easily adapted.
  • the task is with regard to the method by claim 1 and Residential house solved by claim 8.
  • a design that fits aesthetically into the landscape can be found at the home selected and, on the other hand, existing building material can be used on the spot.
  • the housing infrastructure containing, manufactured separately from the housing parts Space cells can be inexpensive on the one hand and high quality on the other Sufficient demands in a factory hall in which all technical conditions, such as measuring instruments, assembly tools, etc. are available until be assembled for functionality.
  • the two-storey house 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 has two living room parts 3 and 4 lying one above the other and two inherently stiff room part cells 5 and 6 arranged one above the other. These two room sub-cells 5 and 6 are subdivided again.
  • the partial cell 5 "docked" on the ground floor, shown in plan in FIG. 4 has a kitchen area 10 with the necessary facilities, which is separate from the toilet area 9 .
  • the toilet and kitchen areas 9 and 10 are separated from each other by a light wall 11 .
  • the toilet area has, as shown in the plan of the ground floor in Figure 4 , a shower corner 13 , a toilet bowl 15b with a cistern 15b and a sink 17a with a toilet cabinet 17b .
  • the kitchen area 10 has a sink 19 , a dishwasher 20, a refrigerator 21 , above which a (not shown) microwave oven is arranged, and a stove 23 with an oven, above which a (not shown) steam extractor is installed.
  • WC 9 and kitchen 10 are each connected to the living room part 3 by an opening 26a and 26b, which can remain open in the kitchen 10 or can be closed by a door, or can be closed by a swing door 28 in the WC 9 .
  • the living room part 3 is connected to the living room part 4 via a staircase 25 .
  • the living room parts 3 and 4 have no partitions; these are set up only after the room cell consisting of the room sub-cells 5 and 6 has been attached.
  • only the floor subdivisions - ceiling 27a and floor 27b - are available, as well as the support parts 29 , the foundation 31 , the roof 33 and the water, sewage and electrical connections (not shown) that are only necessary for the statics of the house construction below the docking or docking points Room cell outside of living room parts 3 and 4 .
  • the house and the room cell foundation are created together secured against horizontal and vertical moving against each other.
  • a heating system 39 and a washing machine 40 In the heating and washroom area 35a there is a heating system 39 and a washing machine 40.
  • the bathroom 35b there are two wash basins 41a and 41b , a toilet 43a with a cistern 43b, a bath tub 44 and various built-in cupboards 45a and 45b .
  • the bathroom 35b is connected to the living room part 4 via an opening 46b which can be closed with a pivoting door 46a, and the heating and washing room 35a is connected to the bathroom 35b via an opening 47b which can be closed with a further pivoting door 47a .
  • the room sub-cells 5 and 6 have identical base areas, so that they can be placed one above the other in the assembly described below. However, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 , they can be designed differently both internally and externally. Thus, the space part cell 6 with respect to the space portion 5, two round outer cell windows 49a and 49b, while the space part cell 6 has three external windows 50a to 50c. However, as can be seen in FIG. 1 , the outer facade of the room sub-cells 5 and 6 is divided into facade sub-units 51a to 51f and 52a to 52f , the facade sub-units 51b, 51e, 52b, 52d and 52e the external windows 49a, 49b, 50a, 50b and 50c exhibit.
  • the facade sub-units 51a, 51c, 51d and 51f are designed analogously to the facade sub-units 52a, 52c and 52f and the facade sub-units 51b and 51e to the facade sub-units 52b, 52d and 52e up to the height.
  • a different height of the room sub-cells 5 and 6 was chosen in order to achieve the lowest possible height of the apartment building 1 . If this requirement does not exist, the heights are of course chosen to be the same in order to enable cost-effective production of the room sub-cells.
  • the uniformity of these subunits results in a reduction in manufacturing costs.
  • An access shaft 53a with a central distribution box is accommodated between the kitchen 10 and the toilet area 9 . From here, the distribution to the points of use of electricity, heating, telephone, telecommunications, television receiver, radio, computer, etc. is carried out.
  • This access shaft 53a is continued in a further access shaft 53b in the room sub-cell 6 between the heating and washroom area 35a and the bathroom 35b .
  • the kitchen area 10 is vented , in particular the extractor hood, via the roof on the room part area 6 .
  • the assembly of the lines and pipes is also carried out here in the factory.
  • two vertical pipes 55a and 55b visible in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 are arranged as downpipe ventilation for the waste water and for the heating exhaust gases.
  • a storage room or storage space 56a and 56b in which material such as suitcases, boxes, skis, summer sports articles, etc. that are not required daily can be stored.
  • These rooms 56a and 56b are particularly advantageous if the residential building 1, as shown in FIG. 3 , has been built without a basement for reasons of cost savings or as a result of terrain.
  • the partitioning of the converted volume on the ground and upper floors 3 and 4 is carried out after docking the room sub-cells 5 and 6 according to the wishes of the living space user by means of partitions, not shown. After the division of space, starting from the room sub-cells 5 and 6, the lines, not shown, for the electric current to the individual living rooms and the lines, not shown, for the heating elements are laid.
  • the room sub-cells 5 and 6 do not have to be arranged such that the kitchen area 10 and the toilet 9 are on the ground floor 3, and the heating and washing room 35a and the bathroom 35b are on the upper floor 4 .
  • This arrangement has some advantages.
  • the kitchen 10 should preferably be arranged on the ground floor 3 , so that goods to be processed in the kitchen 10 do not have to be dragged up the stairs 25 .
  • the heating and washing room 35a are preferably combined so that the waste heat released by the heating system 39 can be used to dry laundry.
  • bedrooms are preferably arranged on the upper floors.
  • the main part of the laundry also occurs on the upper floor 4 , which can then preferably be washed in the wash room 35a located on the same floor.
  • Bathroom 35b is preferably arranged on the same floor as the bedroom.
  • the building of the residential house 1 according to the invention is carried out at the residential building location in a manner customary for the area. That is, it can be a wooden, brick, field stone, half-timbered house, etc. However, only the outer shell of house 1 with foundation 31, roof 33 and the necessary supply connections, such as. B. sewage, drinking water, electricity, oil or gas, telephone, etc. and the stairs 25 between floors 3 and 4 .
  • the room cells prefabricated, fully equipped with devices and installed with connecting cables become two stackable room part cells 5 and 6 with a flat bed trailer delivered.
  • the room subcell 5 is then placed on prepared foundations 31 on the outside 57 of the living room parts 3 and 4 in such a way that it bears against the outer wall 57 thereof.
  • the external supply connections are connected to the existing ones in the room subcell 5 .
  • the room subcell 6 is placed on the room subcell 5 with a construction crane and the supply lines are also connected here.
  • the living room parts 3 and 4 as well as the room part cells 5 and 6 can now be clad with a uniform plaster, with a wooden panel, etc.
  • the division of the living space parts 3 and 4 is made by partition walls only after docking the room part cells 5 and 6 .
  • the heating system 39 in the heating and washroom area 35a can now, as described above, be connected to an external, possibly central oil or gas tank via lines for the energy supply.
  • a tank with the necessary safety devices can also be arranged directly in the heating and washroom area 35a . Since an empty tank has only a relatively low weight, the factory weight of the tank increases the transport weight of the space cell 6 only insignificantly.
  • the room sub-cell 5 or 6 is constructed modularly in such a way that it can be assembled from various assemblies, which in turn are prefabricated separately, in an inexpensive manner. These prefabricated and already pre-tested assemblies are then assembled in final assembly to room cells 5 and 6 .
  • Each module has a defined interface. Due to the interface specification, the modules can now at any time in manufacturing as well as in constructive view can be changed and optimized without that a revision of the entire room cell 5 or 6 take place ought to. Since the assemblies are for themselves manageable, relatively simple systems is one Rationalization easy to achieve.
  • the room cells 5 and 6 also have a floor base 61 , as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 using the example of the toilet 43a and 43b .
  • the depth of the base 61 is, except for an "aesthetic" tolerance, less than the depth of the built-in furniture of about 30 cm (European standard size for built-in furniture).
  • the height is chosen so large that the lines required for the devices, here the fresh water supply line 62a and the waste water line 62b, can be laid and is also approximately 30 cm. By choosing these dimensions, a continuous front can be formed between the devices and the built-in furniture, which is aesthetically pleasing and can also be easily cleaned.
  • the bottom of base 61 has a base frame 63 which in the areas in which devices are arranged as in Figure 6 and 7, for example the toilet 43, an attachment frame 65 has.
  • the prefabricated base or top frame 63 or 65 are placed for assembly in the room cell 5 or 6 and then attached to the floor 67 and the walls 69a and 69b , usually screwed or welded.
  • the devices, here the toilet bowl 43a are then hung on the top frame 65 .
  • Base and top frame 63 and 65 thus also take on a supporting function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour ériger une maison d'habitation (1) à plusieurs étages, comprenant au moins un appartement muni d'une partie de local (3, 4) érigée sur le site de la maison d'habitation, et d'un sas (5, 6) devant être disposé sur ladite partie, caractérisé par le fait que les raccords d'arrivée d'énergie, d'adduction d'eau et d'évacuation des eaux usées, ainsi que les connexions techniques de communication, nécessaires à la maison (1), sont implantés à l'extérieur des parties de locaux (3, 4) au voisinage de l'une des faces externes (57) desdites parties de locaux ; et les sas (5, 6) au nombre de deux au moins, devant être reliés auxdits raccords, sont livrés équipés de toutes les unités (13, 15a, 15b, 17a, 17b, 19, 20, 21, 23, 39, 40, 41a, 41b, 43a, 43b, 44) nécessaires à l'infrastructure d'ensemble dé l'habitation comme, notamment, tous les appareils et installations nécessaires à la cuisine, aux sanitaires, à l'électricité et au chauffage, ainsi que tous les appareils et installations techniques nécessaires à la communication et à la ventilation, sont agencés extérieurement en superposition interchangeable après l'érection des parties de locaux (3, 4), à la face externe (57) de ces dernières, et sont reliés auxdits raccords.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la semelle porteuse (31), affectée aux sas (5, 6), est érigée conjointement à celle affectée à la maison d'habitation (1), avec arrêt empêchant un décalage mutuel horizontal et vertical.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que des conducteurs notamment destinés à des appareils techniques électriques de communication, ainsi qu'à des éléments de chauffage affectés à chaque partie de local (3, 4), sont raccordés sur un interface de montage dans la région marginale de chaque sas (5, 6).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les sas (5, 6) sont rapportés en étant uniquement appliqués contre la paroi externe (57) des parties de locaux (3, 4).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que les parties de locaux (3, 4), exemptes de cloisons, sont érigées sur le site de la maison d'habitation en présentant uniquement des séparations (27a, 27b) entre étages, ainsi que des parties de soutien (29) seulement nécessaires à la statique de la structure bâtie, et les pièces individuelles de chaque partie de local (3, 4) ne sont compartimentées qu'après la mise en place des sas (5, 6), par érection de cloisons, en concordance avec les desiderata du futur occupant.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les pièces sont équipées de connexions de courant électrique, d'une manière répondant aux desiderata du futur occupant, et sont uniquement reliées aux sas (5, 6).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les pièces sont garnies d'éléments de chauffage, et ces derniers sont uniquement reliés aux sas (5, 6).
  8. Maison d'habitation (1) à plusieurs étages érigée selon le procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant au moins une partie de local (3, 4) érigée sur le site de la maison d'habitation, et un sas préfabriqué (5, 6) disposé sur ladite partie, caractérisée par le fait qu'au moins deux sas (5, 6) renferment l'infrastructure d'ensemble de l'habitation, englobant notamment tous les appareils et installations électriques nécessaires à la cuisine, au chauffage, aux sanitaires, ainsi que tous les appareils et installations techniques nécessaires à la communication et à la ventilation, et sont agencés en superposition interchangeable à la face externe respective (57) de la partie de local ou des parties de locaux (3, 4), de préférence sur une semelle de sas qui est reliée à la semelle de la maison d'habitation, est arrêtée à l'encontre d'un décalage mutuel horizontal et vertical, et dans laquelle sont préférentiellement logés les raccords d'arrivée d'énergie, d'adduction d'eau et d'évacuation des eaux usées, nécessaires à l'alimentation de la maison d'habitation, ainsi que des connexions techniques de communication.
  9. Maison d'habitation selon la revendication 8, caractérisée par le fait que les sas (5, 6) sont rapportés en étant uniquement appliqués contre la paroi externe (57) des parties de locaux (3, 4).
  10. Maison d'habitation (1) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée par le fait que la partie de local ou, respectivement, les parties de locaux (3, 4), exempte(s) de cloisons, présente(nt) uniquement des séparations (27a, 27b) entre étages, ainsi qu'uniquement des parties de soutien (29) nécessaires à la statique de la structure bâtie, et des cloisons peuvent être utilisées à volonté dans chaque partie de local (3, 4), en vue du compartimentage en des pièces.
  11. Maison d'habitation (1) selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée par un interface de montage qui se trouve dans la région marginale de chaque sas (5, 6) et sur lequel les conducteurs, notamment destinés à des appareils techniques électriques de communication, ainsi qu'à des éléments de chauffage, sont raccordés de manière amovible pour chaque partie de local (3, 4).
  12. Maison d'habitation (1) selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée par le fait que seul le sas (5), occupant respectivement la position la plus basse, est raccordé à tous les conducteurs ou conduits extérieurs d'alimentation.
  13. Maison d'habitation selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisée par le fait que des cloisons peuvent être respectivement dressées dans la partie de local ou dans les parties de locaux (3, 4), avec faculté de modification individuelle.
EP94928509A 1993-10-22 1994-10-20 Maison à plusieurs étages d'habitation et procédé pour la construire Expired - Lifetime EP0724677B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9316197U DE9316197U1 (de) 1993-10-22 1993-10-22 Wohnhaus
DE9316197U 1993-10-22
PCT/IB1994/000324 WO1995011356A1 (fr) 1993-10-22 1994-10-20 Maison d'habitation et cellule prefabriquee utilisable preferentiellement lors de la construction de cette maison

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724677A1 EP0724677A1 (fr) 1996-08-07
EP0724677B1 true EP0724677B1 (fr) 1998-12-09

Family

ID=6899792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94928509A Expired - Lifetime EP0724677B1 (fr) 1993-10-22 1994-10-20 Maison à plusieurs étages d'habitation et procédé pour la construire

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0724677B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1136834A (fr)
AU (1) AU7791894A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ108796A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE9316197U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2127415T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU217249B (fr)
PL (1) PL175986B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2121032C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995011356A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4425324A1 (de) * 1994-07-18 1996-02-01 Remus Dipl Ing Jordan Einfamilienhaus in modularer Bauweise
DE19602869A1 (de) * 1996-01-27 1997-08-07 Siegfried Von Dipl Hopffgarten Baugruppe für ein Gebäude
DE19644299A1 (de) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 D D C Planungs Entwicklungs Un Energiezentrum, auch autark, mit verschiedenen Energieerzeugungs-, -umwandlungs -sammel-, -träger- und -speicherarten in einer Baueinheit
DE102009023149B3 (de) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-30 Lisbeth Fischbacher Außenwandsystem
GB2570480B (en) * 2018-01-26 2022-08-03 Gilham Christian Prefabricated structure, building and method
WO2022243696A1 (fr) 2021-05-20 2022-11-24 Sano Development Limited Construction modulaire, kit et procédé

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2286923A1 (fr) * 1974-10-03 1976-04-30 Camusot Gerard Cellule technique prefabriquee pour habitation
FR2478170A1 (fr) * 1980-03-13 1981-09-18 Hamel Jacques Procedes de construction de maisons equipees de capteurs solaires
DD203590A1 (de) * 1981-10-28 1983-10-26 Bauakademie Ddr Ergaenzungsbauwerk
GB9002731D0 (en) * 1990-02-07 1990-04-04 Ergonomic Design Partnership T Modular buildings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2121032C1 (ru) 1998-10-27
EP0724677A1 (fr) 1996-08-07
WO1995011356A1 (fr) 1995-04-27
AU7791894A (en) 1995-05-08
HU9601020D0 (en) 1996-06-28
HU217249B (hu) 1999-12-28
ES2127415T3 (es) 1999-04-16
CN1136834A (zh) 1996-11-27
HUT76591A (en) 1997-09-29
CZ108796A3 (en) 1996-10-16
PL313976A1 (en) 1996-08-05
DE59407462D1 (de) 1999-01-21
PL175986B1 (pl) 1999-03-31
DE9316197U1 (de) 1994-02-24

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