CZ108796A3 - Self-supporting and transportable spatial cell for residential building - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-storey house (1) is built on the actual site of the house with at least one living area. It is only when the living areas (3, 4) have been built that a room unit (5, 6) containing the entire house infrastructure is interchangeably disposed on the exterior (57) of the living areas (3, 4). Only the room unit is connected to the water supply and drainage pipes and to the power supply lines which the house requires. The room unit or units (5, 6), with elements necessary for the entire house infrastructure, is/are delivered already fully equipped and operative. It is only when the living areas (3, 4) have been built that the room unit or units is/are mounted interchangeably on the exterior (57) of the latter and is/are connected to the supply and drainage pipes. Since the living area is built on the actual site of the house, a style of construction which aesthetically blends into the landscape can be selected and locally available building materials can be used. The concept of the room unit which is to be attached ("docked on") to the house shell already built, which contains the house infrastructure, and which is produced separately from the living areas, enables said room unit to be assembled economically and to a high standard of quality, to the stage in which it is ready for use, in a factory where all technical facilities, such as measuring instruments, assembly tools, etc., are available.

Description

Dwelling house and spatial cell for preferred use in the construction of a dwelling house

Technical field

The invention relates to a method of constructing a residential building according to the preamble of claim 1, residential building according to the preamble of claim 6 and the room cell according ^-1 preamble of claim 9.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The German DE-A 32 26 742 discloses a multi-storey dwelling house with a living area and a prefabricated spatial cell for wet operation. The known spatial cell forms the core of the dwelling being constructed, while the walls of the spatial cell always form a wall adjacent to the living space. the cell is used simultaneously as a supporting element of the parts of the building being built.

The known spatial cell can also be designed in such a way that the installation wiring housed therein has connection elements on the outside of the booth walls so that installation devices such as kitchen appliances / cooker, dishwasher, refrigerator and the like can also be connected on these outer sides. .

The spatial cell provided with this analogous, transportable solar cell on the outer wall is known from FR-A 2,478,170. The assembly of this spatial cell is carried out at a production site remote from the construction site. The spatial cell is then inserted into an already planted free space alcove. The bathroom is designed as a wall-surrounded cell with wet operation, while for the kitchen area, only the open side area is provided in the spatial cell, equipped with a medical installation, which opens to an open space after the spatial cell is installed. The walls of the cell form a lightweight skeleton, for example, of a reinforced iron or grid. After inserting the spatial cell into the prescribed space in the building niche, this frame is filled with concrete. Also, when the spatial cell is subsequently installed in an existing building, the building niche is first created by demolishing, for example, traditional heating spaces.

A disadvantage of residential buildings equipped with the above-mentioned spatial cells is the determination of the floor plan of the residential part by the spatial cell, which often causes an unsatisfactory, disadvantageous floor plan. This is also reinforced by the static modification of the remaining apartment building.

The module building known from WO-A 91/12386 is entirely made of prefabricated spatial cells. The division into living rooms / which do not possess or almost do not have a housing infrastructure and the spatial cells which have a complete housing infrastructure were not even intended. they were assembled in place in the supporting frame and could later be replaced for repair and / or renewal only at high cost. They were spatially completely integrated into the residential part of the house. Namely, a thermal layer of several centimeters thick was considered for thermal insulation. It would also have to remove the roof covering all the cells.

From German DE-A 41 22 526 and DDR DD 203 590, another multi-storey residential building is known, on which one external wall is used to install spatial cells with a medical installation. The spatial cells are preferably used for the remediation of old buildings. the cells should enable existing buildings, irrespective of their ground plan, to be additionally equipped with wet traffic cells. In particular, this solution is intended to prevent or reduce as far as possible the demolition work to the extent tolerable to tenants. Known spatial cells stand on their own, separated from the foundations of the residential building, by the spatial cell base.

In German DE-A 32 01 672, a removable interim structure of another kind is described, with an additional 3-cell cell with an autostable rigidity for this additional description. The spatial cell contains a cell for wet operation with a cooker / sink combination. Since the interim structure is rigid, the additional cell also has rigidity so that both parts can be transported separately. The connection between the interim structure and the add-on cell is made by a flange flange, so that no additional supports of the add-on cell need be carried out. Another makeshift structure is described in DE-A 31 49 439.

US-A 3,882,649 discloses a modular residential building system in which only three different units are used, namely a spatial unit, a beam and a floor element. The spatial units are the supporting elements between the floors. Since they are fully integrated into the interior of a residential building, they cannot be considered as separate units and cannot also be arranged on the outside of a residential building, which excludes their interchangeability.

A sanitary cell made as a spatial cell for installation in a living space is described in CH-A 554 476. Other spatial cells are taken from US-A 4,457,116, from CH-A 503 855,

CH-A 505 264, CH-A 560 815, DE-A 25 20 632 and DE-A 40 06605.

The spatial cell described in FR-A 2 235 923 shows the entire infrastructure of the living room, can be moved on rollers, transported to the construction site as a compact and autostable system and then integrated into the construction work. The disadvantage of this spatial cell is the arrangement of kitchen furniture and equipment on the outside of the spatial cell, since it has to cover itself when transporting the spatial cell to the construction site so as not to damage it.

Housing infrastructure equipped, prefabricated spatial cell means a space which has the necessary heating, sanitary, electrical and kitchen installations, as well as ventilation installations for the furnishing of the apartment, and all units are installed and functionally prepared outside the construction site. it only establishes and connects the floor-mounted electrical connections, as well as the fresh water connection and waste water waste.

new description - 4 The term "installation of communication technology and devices" means, in a simplified way, everything that is connected in some way with a cable transmitting electric oscillations and impulses. These include in particular telephone, fax, data transmission equipment, / modem, Mailbox ... /, TV cables, antenna lines, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to show a method of cost-effective construction of a multi-storey dwelling house and to propose a cost-effective multi-storey dwelling house whose housing infrastructure can easily adapt to the latest developments.

The task is solved for the method of construction by the claim 1, for the residential house by the claim 6 and for the spatial cell intended for preferential use in the construction of the dwelling, by the claim 9. For parts of the residential part On the already built skeleton of a dwelling house can be mounted / attached / housing infrastructure containing, separately from the parts of the living room made spatial cell, both cost-effective and also with high quality produced and already functional in the factory hall, in which all the technical needs, such as measuring instruments, assembly aids, etc. are available

By preferentially dividing the living rooms, which corresponds to the wishes of the future residents, by the installation of partition walls up to the construction of the dwelling house and the application of the spatial cell, optimal individual design of the living rooms can be realized.

Heating, sanitary "electrical and kitchen installations as well as ventilation installations arranged in the spatial cell are subject to certain wear and tear and fashion fluctuations, so that after ten to twenty years their replacement can be envisaged. It can be replaced as a whole, renewal is not a problem, especially when a new spatial cell can be delivered fully assembled with already tested functions and can be removed at the same time.

Since all lines, such as, inter alia, electrical and heating installations, are laid and supplied from a single interface / interface / spatial cell, it is possible to easily create and reshape the spatial solution by means of partition walls, as mentioned above. Known spatial cells have an enclosed connection technique, except for transitions to external connections. Also, no individual design of living rooms based on the spatial cell or spatial cells is considered in any of the documents.

A special advantage is the rigid housing of the spatial cells, which protects all equipment and furniture from damage when transported to the construction site. Therefore, protective packaging of equipment and furniture is not required for transport. The modular set also ensures simple and inexpensive maintenance of the inventive spatial cell. as follows.

For the preferred two-storey construction of the living area, a spatial cell can also be made as a two-storey. This results in a lighter partial spatial cell that can be transported better by vehicles, and can be divided into kitchen and sanitary areas. Also, the division into two parts allows that only one of the two spatial sub-units can be replaced in the later remediation measures - most likely the kitchen unit - because the life of kitchen and sanitary units is generally different. Of course, in the energy-saving version, all housing infrastructure functions can be placed in only one spatial cell.

Overview of pictures in the drawing

In the following, the examples of a residential house according to the invention and methods of its construction and the solution of the spatial cell will be explained in more detail with the help of drawings.

Fig. 1 a rear view of a residential house according to the invention, Fig. 2 a side view of the residential house shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a longitudinal section through the dwelling house along the line III - III in Figs. 4 and 5; 6 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of a spatial cell of a residential building with a toilet, FIG. Fig. 6 shows the object shown in Fig. 6 but without the covers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figures 1-5 shown storeyed house 1 has two superposed parts of living rooms 2 ^and A and two superposed rigid body forming the spatial sub-cell 2 ^and 6 · These two spatial sub-cells 2 ^and 2 3 ^SOU again split. Thus, the enclosed spatial cell 2 of the WC area 10, attached to the ground floor, has a separate kitchen area 10 with the necessary devices. The WC areas and the kitchen 2 ^and 10 are separated by a light wall 11.

The toilet area comprises, as shown in plan view of Figure 4, a shower 23 / toilet bowl 15a with a flusher 15b and a washbasin 17a with a toilet cabinet 17b. The kitchen area 10 has a sink 19, a dishwasher 20, a refrigerator 21 over which it is arranged. a microwave (and not shown) and a baking stove 23 with a built-in / not shown / hood hood.WC 9. and the kitchen 10 are connected to the living part 2 by one opening 26a and 26b, which remain open in the kitchen 10 or they can be closed by a door, and by WC 9 they can be closed by a door 28.

• Partial living area 2 3θ stairs 25 connected to living area Residential areas 2 ^and A do not have partition walls are erected only after installation of a spatial cell consisting of partial spatial cells 2 and 2 * ^While mζ ^, ύθ are only dividing parts of the floor - ceiling 27a and floor 27b, and for the structural analysis of the building construction, the supporting parts 29, foundation 31, roof 33 and water, waste, electricity (not shown) connections below the enclosed or intended spatial cell outside the housing parts 2 ^{and 6 are not shown} . The dwelling foundation and the spatial cell foundation are built together and secured against horizontal or vertical displacement.

The part of the spatial cell 2, which is shown in plan view of FIG. 5, contains the heating and laundry area 35a and from this light wall 37 on the upper part of the living area of the upper floor. In the area of heating and laundry 35a there is a heating device 39 and a washing machine 40. In the bathroom 35b there are two washbasins 41a and 41b, toilet 43a with flushing system 43b, bathtub 44 and different built-in cabinets 45a and 45b. 46b provided with a door 46a connected to the living part 6 and the heating and laundry space 35a through the opening 47b and the closable door 47a to the bathroom 35b.

Spatial sub-cell 2 ^and A had identical base area to be described hereinafter during the assembly could be build on themselves.

They may, however, be as shown in Figures 1,4 and 5, the inside and outside roždílně.Tak a shaped spatial sub cell 2 ⁱⁿ comparison to the spatial sub-cell two towers round outer windows 49a and 49b, while the sub-cell spatial second ! However, as can be seen in Fig. 1, the exterior facade of partial spatial cells 2 ^and A is divided into partial facade sections 51a to 51f and 52a to 52f, respectively, while the facade sections 51b and 51a and 52b, respectively. to 52d and 52e are provided with exterior windows 49a, 50a, 50b, and 50c. The facade sub-sections 51a, 51c, 51d and 51f are shaped up to a height analogous to the sub-sections 52b, 52d, and 52e. 6 is chosen to achieve the smallest possible height of the dwelling house. If this is not required, of course, the same heights are chosen in order to achieve cost-effective production of partial spatial cells. The uniformity of these partial parts reduces manufacturing costs.

Between the kitchen 10 and the WC area 9 there is a shaft 53a with a central manifold housing. From there it is divided to the points of use electricity, heating, telephone, telecom, television, radio, commouter etc.This shaft 53a continues through another shaft 53b in the subspace cell. between the heating and laundry area 35a and the bathroom 35b.This shaft 53b is provided outside the connecting pipes between the two compartments 5 and 5. the ventilation of the kitchen area 10, particularly the exhaust of the vapors above the roof of the compartment 3, is guided. On the right-hand side of the spatial cells 5 and 6, two vertical pipes 55a and 55b are shown in FIGS.

In addition to the kitchen area 10 and the heating and laundry area 35a there is a stowage area or storage area 56a and 56b where items not used daily can be stored, such as suitcases, boxes, skis, summer sports equipment, etc. These areas 56a and 56b are particularly advantageous when the dwelling house 1, as shown in Figure 3, was built without cellars for cost savings.

The distribution of the enclosed space on the ground floor and upper floors 3 and 4 is carried out according to the wishes of the occupants of the rooms by the partition walls (not shown). individual rooms and pipes to the heating elements.

The sub-spatial cells 5 and need not be arranged such that the kitchen area 10 and the WC 2 ^{33 are} located on the ground floor 2 and the heating and laundry 35a and the bathroom 35b on the upper floor. floor 2 ^{'and the} goods would ^be processed in the kitchen exalt upstairs 25.Vytápění laundry and 35a are preferably connect to the waste heat generated by the heating means 39 could be used for drying prádla.Ložnice reasons of safety against burglary arrange preferably down above floors This also includes on the upper floor 2 the largest part of the laundry, which is then preferably washed in the laundry 35a located on the same floor. Preferably, the bathroom 35b is also arranged with the bedroom on the same floor.

Instead, the pipes 55a and 55b are held outside of the spatial sub-cells 2 ^and 2 ^{'mo' Noa at} l ° live to shafts 53a and 53b.

Other conduits may also be housed in the shafts 53a and 53b, for example oil or gas pipes for the heater 39, telephone conduit a.t.d.

Construction inventive residential building 2 occurs at the point where the residential house built in the manner customary in this country, which means that it can be a wooden, brick, stone or timber-framed dům.Postaví but only the outer shell of the house foundation 2 ³² 31 33 roof and with necessary supply connections, such as waste water, drinking water, electricity, fuel oil or gas, telephone, etc., and with stairs 25 between floors 2 ^and

4. Upon completion of the living areas 2 ^and A 'without divisions, with only the floor division and only the structural elements necessary for structural analysis 29, the room units equipped ^{in the} factory and fully equipped with the connecting lines are supplied with a low-lift car as two; The spatial space cells 2 ^{and the} building site can then be positioned on the prepared base 32 on the outside 57 of the housing part 2 ^and A so that it rests on its outer walls 57. The external supply connections are connected to the connections located in the partial space The spatial cell 6 is then connected to the spatial cell 5 and the supply line is connected.

Depending on the habitual residence, the residential areas 3 and 4 and the compartment cells 5 and 6 can now be provided with a uniform plaster, lined with wood and the like.

5 and 6 divides the living areas 4 and 2 with partition walls.

Instead of arranging the sub-spatial cells 5 and 6 one above the other, they may also be arranged side by side on the outside of the building, but the arrangement above one another has the above advantages.

The heating device 39 at the heating and laundry location 35a can now, as described above, be connected via a pipe to an external or central oil or gas storage tank. However, the tank can be arranged together with the necessary safety devices directly in the heating and laundry 35a area. the container has a relatively low weight, by installing the container in the factory, the transport weight of the partial spatial cell 5 is increased only insignificantly.

Preferably, the partial spatial cell 5 or 6 is delivered. However, it can be used as a separate, separately established unit, for example, in a campsite, at temporary emergency hostels, and the like.

The partial spatial cell or 6 is assembled from the modules so that it can be assembled from different assemblies, which are again separately prefabricated at advantageous manufacturing costs. These prefabricated and pre-tested assemblies are then assembled into the spatial cell 5 or 6 at the final assembly.

Each assembly has a fixed interface. Based on the defined interfaces, the assemblies can be changed or improved in terms of both production and design, without having to rebuild the entire spatial cell 5 or 6. fitting of replaceable, relatively simple group, rational production can be easily achieved.

Four main groups make up a spatial cell: a / a self-supporting housing of the spatial cell, b / complete wiring for house equipment, including gas pipes (or also fuel oil), cold water, hot water, waste water, power lines, control network lines, c / equipment / built-in furniture, sinks, shower, toilet ... / d / utensils / kitchen utensils, burners, heating radiators, washing machine and the like /.

Built-in furniture was generally built on a known pedestal that contained an empty cavity. In the known arrangement of built-in furniture, the pedestal served to lift the furniture so that the furniture door could open well and not clean or damage the bottom of the door. prevent dust from entering.

The spatial cells also have a pedestal 61 as illustrated by MORE 43a and 43b. The depth of the pedestal 61 is less than a depth of 30 cm of built-in furniture (European standard dimension of built-in furniture). The size of the furniture is chosen to be such that the wiring necessary for the equipment and utensils, in this case the water supply 62a and the drain pipe 62b can be received therein, is also approximately 30 cm. , which is advantageous from an aesthetic point of view and, moreover, is easy to clean.

The pedestal 61 has a pedestal frame 63 which is provided with a frame extender 65 at the locations where devices such as WC 43a in Figures 6 and 7 are arranged. The prefabricated pedestals, respectively, the frames 63 and 55, respectively, are assembled in the space cell 5 or thereafter The device, in this case the toilet bowl 43a, is then hung on the frame extension 65. The base and the frame extension 63 and 65 thus additionally function as a carrier.

PATEI ^ ^RVIS

New

Claims (15)

PATENT CLAIM Method of construction of a multi-storey dwelling house (1) sf 'ň ^ldd i , JA13: NISV1A 0Η3Λ0 SAWSHd avy a 9 S .AI '6 l Ol ^ OQ with at least one dwelling and in place of the dwelling house of the outer housing of the dwellings forming the outside surrounding the dwelling (3,4), wherein the manufactured tents In the vicinity of the outer side of the outer wall (57), the necessary energy, water supply and waste water outlets are provided in the vicinity of the outer wall (57) and with at least one spatial cell (5,6) assigned to the living spaces (3). , 4 / which is supplied equipped with everything necessary for all housing infrastructure (13,15a, 15b, 17a, 17b, 19,20,21,23,39,40,41a, 41b, 43a, 43b, 44) all installations necessary for kitchen, medical technology, electrical and heating, and all necessary communication and air-conditioning installations and instruments, characterized in that each spatial cell (5,6) is arranged as a whole and abuts the outer shell forming the outer wall (57) / so that housing infrastructure units can adapt to the latest development by replacing the spatial cell (5,6) at a location remote from the dwelling (1). The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial cell support base (31) or the spatial cell subassemblies (5, 6) is installed together with the dwelling base (1) and is secured against horizontal and vertical displacement relative to each other. . Method according to claim 2 or 2, characterized in that the residential parts (3, 4) are built on the construction site of a residential house without partition walls, only with the floors separated 3. new patent claims - 12 / 27a, 27b / and only with supporting parts necessary for structural analysis of the house construction and for individual rooms, each living part (3,4) is divided by positioning partition walls according to the wish of the future occupant of the house cells (5.6). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rooms are equipped with electrical connections according to the wishes of the future occupant of the house and that they are connected only to the spatial cell or partial spatial cells (5,6). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heating elements are installed in the rooms and that they are connected only to the room cell or the partial spatial cells (5, 6). A multi-storey apartment building (1) constructed according to one of claims 1 to 5 with at least one apartment and a residential part (3, 4) built on the construction site of the house, being adjacent to one of its outer sides (57) for supplying the house with necessary energy, water and wastewater connections as well as communication technology and with at least one residential unit (3,4) facing the spatial cell (5,6), which is equipped with all necessary housing units (13,15a, 15b), 17a, 17b, 19,20,21,23, 39,40,41a, 41b, 43a, 43b, 44 /, for example, with all necessary installations and equipment for kitchen, medical technology, electrical and heating, and with all necessary communications equipment, and ventilation devices, characterized in that the spatial cell or partial spatial cells (5,6) of the new claims are displaceable outwardly on the outer wall (57) forming the housing part of the living part (3,4) in order to housing infrastructure by replacing the spatial cell (5,5) always on a remote workplace from a residential house easily adaptable to the latest development and that the spatial cell or partial spatial cells (5,5) are arranged on the base of the house connected spatial cell base secured against mutual horizontal and vertical displacement, and including connections for supplying a dwelling house. Dwelling house according to claim 6, characterized in that the living part (s) (or housing parts) (3,4) are made without partitions, only with a floor division (27a, 27b) and provided only with the necessary supporting parts for the structural analysis of the building construction. 29) and in each housing part (3, 4), intermediate partitions can be inserted as desired and preferably also interchangeable later. designed for room separation. Dwelling house according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by an assembly interface in the peripheral area of each spatial cell (5,5) and in which the ducts for each residential part (3,4), in particular for electrical, communication and heating elements. Prefabricated, self-supporting, transportable spatial cell (5,5), preferably for use in the construction of a dwelling house (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising all housing infrastructure, the new claims for example having all installations and all facilities for kitchen, heating, medical and electrical equipment, as well as all necessary installations and apparatus for communication and ventilation technology, featuring a housing serving simultaneously as external walls that surrounds the entire housing infrastructure and which protects it from damage during transport of the spatial cell and allows the spatial cell (5,6) could as a whole be fixed (replaceable) on the outer wall (57) of the housing shell. Spatial cell (5, 6) according to claim 9, characterized by the construction of modules with a preferred division of the main group carrying the walls into distribution, furniture and equipment spaces. Spatial cell according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by a vertical access shaft (53a, 53b) in which the necessary supply of energy, water, communication technology and waste piping and a horizontally running shaft in the form of a pedestal serving for laying the distribution lines to the devices arranged in the spatial cell (5,6), and the housing of the switchboard for the residential parts (3,4). Spatial cell (5,6) for preferential use in the construction of a dwelling house (1), characterized in that the spatial cell (5,6) can be transported as a self-supporting building unit equipped with the necessary infrastructure. Spatial cell according to claim 12, characterized in that it consists of modules with a preferential partitioning of the walls of the main groups of piping, furniture and equipment. Spatial cell (5, 6) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by a vertical access shaft (53a, 53b), in which the supply of energy, water and waste water drainage as well as the conduits for supplying the dwelling house as well as a communication line and a horizontal shaft, designed as a pedestal (61), in which the distribution lines to the devices arranged in the spatial cell (5, 6) and the housing switchboard (3, 4) are housed. Spatial cell (5, 6) according to claim 14, characterized in that the pedestal is designed so wide and stable that built-in furniture with an aesthetically acting transition to the pedestal can be placed on its top.