EP0713930B1 - Aqueous silver composition - Google Patents

Aqueous silver composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0713930B1
EP0713930B1 EP95117196A EP95117196A EP0713930B1 EP 0713930 B1 EP0713930 B1 EP 0713930B1 EP 95117196 A EP95117196 A EP 95117196A EP 95117196 A EP95117196 A EP 95117196A EP 0713930 B1 EP0713930 B1 EP 0713930B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coating composition
composition according
polymer binder
solvent
silver
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95117196A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0713930A1 (en
Inventor
Jerry Dr. Steinberg
John Hochheimer
Michael Schlosser Skrzat
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WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
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WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0713930A1 publication Critical patent/EP0713930A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/005—Electrodes
    • H01G4/008—Selection of materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
    • H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
    • H01L23/49866—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
    • H01L23/49883—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
    • H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
    • H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
    • H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
    • H05K3/244—Finish plating of conductors, especially of copper conductors, e.g. for pads or lands

Definitions

  • This invention relates to aqueous metal suspensions suitable for coating electrically conductive metal on resistive or dielectric substrates.
  • Electronic parts which include a resistive or dielectric substrate coated with a thin layer of conductive metal find important use in industry.
  • the conductive metal layer is applied to the substrate by spraying, brushing, dipping, rolling or screen printing a coating composition of finely divided, metal particles suspended in a liquid vehicle. Spraying is a preferred method of applying the conductive metal layer because it is fast and it permits laying down uniform, thin layers on very intricately shaped parts. Subsequently, the coating composition is dried at ambient or slightly higher temperature, then the part is fired at very high temperature to permanently bond the metal to the substrate.
  • VOC volatile organic compound
  • a silver coating composition contains an aqueous liquid vehicle which is substantially free of volatile organic compounds.
  • the present invention advantageously allows a silver coating composition to be coated on ceramic parts without the need to recover and safely dispose of large quantities of volatile organic compounds.
  • the present invention includes a combination of ingredients which promotes and maintains uniform dispersion of the silver in the aqueous-based vehicle. It is an additional feature of this invention that any solids which settle can be readily redispersed in the vehicle with minimum agitation.
  • a coating composition comprising:
  • the composition can contain an optional, sintering adhesive component and the coated part can be fired at a temperature from about 600°C to about 950°C for a duration sufficient to activate the sintering adhesive. Subsequently, the part is cooled to solidify the sintering adhesive.
  • the invention relates to a sprayable coating composition of silver flake suspended in an aqueous vehicle.
  • the coating composition can be applied by spraying onto a resistive or dielectric substrate followed by removing most of the water in a low temperature drying step at ambient or slightly higher temperature. After low temperature drying the silver flake will be temporarily but firmly adhered to the substrate. In a subsequent, optional process step, the dried part is heated sufficiently to sinter inorganic adhesive components which permanently attach the silver to the substrate.
  • the silver component is finely divided flake typically produced in a ball mill by bead milling silver powder in the presence of a lubricant.
  • Lubricants that are suitable for use in the present invention include saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic carboxylic acids and salts, preferably alkaline earth metal salts, of said acids. These carboxylic acids are straight-chain carboxylic acids, preferably monocarboxylic acids, having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Representative saturated carboxylic acids are lauric acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Representative unsaturated carboxylic acids are oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
  • the lubricant comprises a mixture of the acids or salts.
  • the lubricant is charged to the mill as solution in alcohol or mineral spirits.
  • the silver is milled into generally thin flat particles having a thickness in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.5 ⁇ m and an average long dimension in the range of about 3 to about 10 ⁇ m.
  • the long dimension is less than 15 ⁇ m.
  • the lamellar shape of flake allows the particles to pack more closely than powder particles and gives the flake a high bulk density.
  • Silver flake suitable for use in this invention has a tap density, i.e ., bulk density, greater than about 2.0 g/cm 3 , and preferably in the range of about 2.5 to about 3.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the tap density of silver powder is roughly about 0.8 to about 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • Surface area of silver flake of this invention is about 1.1 to about 1.8 m 2 /g.
  • the coating composition preferably contains about 60 to about 75 wt% silver flake.
  • the coating composition preferably contains about 1.5 to about 4.0 wt% of a polymer binder for securing the silver flake to the substrate after the low temperature drying.
  • a polymer binder is a water-soluble, aqueous emulsion, acrylic polymer.
  • Acrylic polymer means homopolymers or copolymers of monomers which include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, occasionally referred to collectively as (meth)acrylic acid, C 1 -C 12 alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid and mixtures of these monomers.
  • Acrylic polymers include, poly(acrylic acid); poly(methacrylic acid); poly(acrylic acid); poly(methacrylic acid); poly(methyl methacrylate); poly(stearyl methacrylate); poly(methylacrylate); poly(ethylacrylate); and poly(butylacrylate).
  • Comonomers of acrylic copolymers can have styrenic or hydroxyl functionality.
  • the aqueous emulsion polymer binder can be neutralized to a pH of about 7-12, and preferably about 8-10 with alkali or amine. Neutralization causes the polymer chains to extend so that the emulsion particles absorb water, swell and substantially completely dissolve in the aqueous medium. Incorporation of substantially completely water soluble polymer binder importantly keeps the coating composition viscosity low which is best for spraying.
  • substantially completely water soluble is meant that the solid material dissolves to a sufficient extent to form a single phase mixture with water. It is believed that the carboxylate functionality of the dissolved polymer synergistically helps to disperse silver flake in the aqueous vehicle.
  • Suitable alkali and amine neutralizing agents include ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dimethylaminoethanol, monoethanolamine and morpholine. Monoethanolamine is preferred.
  • the polymer binder suitable for use in the present invention has an average molecular weight in the range from about 5,000 to about 80,000, and preferably in the range from 15,000 to about 60,000. Acid number of the polymer binder is at least 60 mg KOH/g polymer.
  • the polymer binder has glass transition temperature, Tg, in the range from about - 10°C to about 80°C, and preferably from about 25°C to about 60°C.
  • polymer binder of this invention burn off nearly completely during the firing step so that little residue remains to interfere with high temperature sintering.
  • Representative commercially available polymer binders include, Joncryl® 142, from S.C. Johnson Company, an acrylic polymer with molecular weight about 48,000, acid no. about 130 mg KOH/g, and Tg below about 7°C; Carboset® GA1914, from B. F. Goodrich, an acrylic emulsion polymer with acid no. about 125 and Tg about 35°C; and Sokalon® CP-45, from BASF, an acrylic/maleic acid copolymer with molecular weight of about 70,000 and acid no. about 210.
  • Acrysol® I-62 (molecular weight 15,000; acid no. 100; and Tg 45°C), and Acrysol® I-2426, (molecular weight 60,000; acid no. 115 and Tg 54°C), products of Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, are particularly effective as the polymer binder.
  • Water preferably, deionized water is present in the aqueous vehicle in solvent effective amount. That is, it is the major liquid phase component and is a solvent for polymer binder, co-solvent and any water soluble surfactant and defoamer additives.
  • the aqueous vehicle also contains a minor amount of an organic, substantially completely water soluble co-solvent.
  • the co-solvent has a boiling point higher than that of water. The so-solvent compatibilizes the silver, polymer binder and water system. It increases dispersability of hydrophobic silver flake in the vehicle; it promotes coalescing and film-forming properties of the coating composition; and it optimizes coating composition viscosity. Some co-solvent may remain on the coated part after low temperature drying.
  • the so-solvent should burn cleanly to leave minimal carbonaceous residue after firing.
  • the co-solvent is from about 0.5 to about 8.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the coating composition. Lower concentrations of so-solvent are preferred in order to minimize the amount of volatile organic compound in the coating composition.
  • Co-solvents which can be used in the aqueous vehicle include strongly polar, substantially completely water soluble organic solvents having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, including aliphatic alcohols; ethylene and propylene glycols and oligomer glycols; ethers and esters of such alcohols and glycols; and mixtures of them.
  • Representative co-solvents include ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol monoethylether, diethyleneglycol monobutylether and 2-butoxyethanol. Diethyleneglycol monobutylether is preferred.
  • the coating composition optionally contains at least one sintering adhesive component.
  • a representative sintering adhesive component for bonding metal coatings to ceramic substrates includes one or more metal oxides, such as cupric oxide, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and a modified-borosilicate glass frit with modifiers such as barium and lead.
  • the sintering adhesive component will be present in the coating composition preferably from about 0.1 to about 2 wt%, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.5 wt%.
  • the coating composition is primarily intended for coating on substrates which will be later fired, it may also serve to deposit thin silver films on dielectric or resistive materials not intended for firing, such as ceramic, quartz, alumina, and plastic or elastomeric polymers.
  • dielectric or resistive materials such as ceramic, quartz, alumina, and plastic or elastomeric polymers.
  • sintering adhesive component can be excluded from the composition without detriment.
  • the coating composition normally contains additives selected from among a wide variety of conventional surfactants, defoamers and anti-settling agents. Such additives foster dispersion of the silver flake in the aqueous vehicle. The silver can also settle on standing for long periods. If the silver does not easily redisperse in the solvent with agitation, the composition is said to "settle hard.”
  • the coating composition of the present invention settles soft, i.e ., settled solids will readily disperse with brief and/or mild agitation.
  • Surfactant and defoamer additives constitute about 0.3 to about 6.0 wt% of the coating composition.
  • a preferred recipe of surfactant and defoamer additives includes from about 0.1 to about 1.6 wt% of the coating composition, more preferably about 0.4 wt%, ammonium salt of polyelectrolyte dispersing agent available from R.T. Vanderbilt Company under the tradename Darvan® C - No. 7; from about 0.1 to about 0.8 wt% of the coating composition, more preferably about 0.2 wt%, of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol defoaming, non-ionic surfactant available from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • Anti-settling agents useful in the present invention are high surface area, finely divided particulate, inert mineral compounds, such as fumed alumina, filmed titania and turned silica. Fumed silica with particle size of about 7 to about 12 nm and having a specific surface area of about 200 to about 300 m 2 /g is preferred.
  • Anti-settling agent concentration is generally about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt%, preferably about 0.3 to about 1.0 wt% of the coating composition.
  • the coating composition can be prepared using conventional equipment.
  • the substantially completely water soluble polymer binder is supplied as about 50 wt% emulsion in water. It is neutralized by adding alkali or amine. Below a certain pH which depends on the type of polymer binder, viscosity of the aqueous vehicle will vary with pH. In order to reduce the sensitivity of viscosity on pH, alkali or amine is added to obtain pH in the range of about 7-12, preferably about 8 to about 10, and more preferably, about 9.
  • commercially available, preneutralized polymer binder i.e. , in which the polymer as supplied is dissolved in an aqueous medium, can be used.
  • Water and co-solvent are added to the neutralized polymer binder to make the aqueous vehicle. It is also possible to dilute the polymer binder emulsion with water and co-solvent and then to neutralize the polymer binder by adding alkali or amine to the dilute emulsion.
  • the polymer binder is present in the coating composition in the dissolved state prior to spraying. This is different from conventional paint technology in which a coalescing agent activates a pigment binder after the solvent has begun to evaporate. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is believed that the coating compositions of this invention have adequate "green strength" in large part because the polymer binder is dissolved before the solvent begins to evaporate.
  • green strength as used herein means the adhesive strength of the silver to the surface of the low-temperature dried, but unfired substrate. Surfactant and defoaming additives are usually charged and mixed with the liquid prior to addition of the remaining solid ingredients.
  • the silver flake, sintering adhesive component, if any, and anti-settling agent are premixed to obtain a uniform composition prior to charging to the aqueous vehicle.
  • Minor amounts of water and/or co-solvent can be added to adjust the coating composition viscosity to a value within the range from about 0.3 to about 4.0 Pa ⁇ s (300 cps - 4000 cps).
  • addition of water and co-solvent dilutes the concentration of silver flake which reduces the ability to spray the desired thickness of silver onto the substrate in one high speed application.
  • the preferable coating composition viscosity will be in the range of about 0.3 to about 1.6 Pa ⁇ s (300-1600 cps).
  • the ingredients are mixed with mild agitation until a uniform dispersion is produced.
  • the coating composition can be sprayed, dipped or applied to the substrate by other traditional methods.
  • Coating compositions of this invention are ideal for spraying.
  • the coating composition is dried which causes the binder to form a film that adheres the silver flake as a metal layer on the substrate. Typically, drying is performed at temperature from ambient to about 200°C, preferably up to about 150°C. Drying continues until most, usually at least about 95%, of the water evaporates. Some of the co-solvent is also removed.
  • the composition is used to apply a conductive metal layer on an otherwise low- or non-conductive, i.e ., resistive or dielectric, surface. It is particularly useful for coating ceramic parts for the electronics industry. To more firmly bind the metal layer, these parts are fired at high temperature, normally from about 600°C to about 950°C, for sufficient duration to permit the sintering adhesive component of the coating composition to activate. The part is subsequently cooled to allow the sintering adhesive component to attach the metal to the ceramic. During firing, polymer binder and residual co-solvent will evaporate and/or pyrolyze. Components of the coating composition of this invention are selected so that pyrolysis products do not leave significant amounts of non-conductive residue which might interfere with the electrical properties of the conductive metal layer after firing.
  • the inventive coating composition can also be applied to resistive or dielectric substrates not intended for firing.
  • it can be coated onto plastic or elastomer parts to allow those parts to be electroplated thereafter.
  • the coating composition can be formulated without sintering adhesive component and the proportion of polymer binder can be increased to the high end of the inventive range to provide greater green strength.
  • the vehicle ingredients in the quantities shown in Table I were mixed and agitated to produce an aqueous vehicle.
  • the pH was adjusted to 9.5 by adding small amounts of monoethanolamine.
  • This vehicle was charged to a 3.8 L ceramic jar to which 50 volume %, 1.25 cm diameter x 1.25 cm high burundum cylinders were added. Solids ingredients in the quantities shown in Table I were then added to the jar. The contents of the jar were ball milled overnight to produce a coating composition.
  • the coating composition was gently rolled in a container for 15 minutes to redisperse solids which had settled. Brookfield viscosity was measured to be 1.55 Pa ⁇ s (1550 cps), which is considered acceptable for use with a pressure fed type spray gun.
  • This coating composition was slightly thinned by adding about 2-5 wt% water in order to reduce the viscosity to about 0.5-0.6 Pa ⁇ s (500-600 cps) which is suitable for a siphon fed type spray gun.
  • the 1.55 Pa ⁇ s viscosity coating composition was sprayed with a pressure fed spray gun in a single pass onto small ceramic bodies of barium titanate and neodymium titanate.
  • the wet-coated bodies were forced-air dried at 150°C for 10 minutes.
  • the low temperature dried bodies were fired on a belt furnace with a temperature profile that peaked at 875°C for 10 minutes. Total furnace cycle time was 50 minutes.
  • the thickness of silver on the fired bodies was 14.8 ⁇ 0.94 ⁇ m.
  • Adhesion was tested by soldering a flathead pin onto the surface using a 63 Sn/37 Pb solder. The solder was held in the molten state for 2 minutes before cooling. The force necessary to pull the pin from the body was greater than 20 pounds.
  • a 600 square serpentine pattern of coating composition was printed on a 0,0625 cm x 2.5 cm x 5.3 cm sheet of alumina and fired. Sheet resistivity of less than 2 milliohms/square/25.4 ⁇ m was measured
  • a coating composition as shown in Table 2 was prepared as described in Example 1. This composition was designed for lower viscosity for better spray performance and increased polymer binder content to obtain high green strength. Viscosity of the coating composition was 1.35 Pa ⁇ s (1350 cps). The coating composition was sprayed with a pressure fed spray gun onto a small ceramic body which was then dried in air at 150°C. A strip of clear pressure sensitive adhesive tape was stuck to, then peeled from, the coated surface. Little silver flake was observed on the peeled tape, indicating that the surface coating had good green strength.
  • a dipping ink coating composition with the recipe of Table 3 was prepared as described in Example 1. Viscosity of the coating composition was 2.9 Pa ⁇ s (2900 cps). Small ceramic bodies were readily dip coated by slow manual immersion into and withdrawal from a bath of the ink. The coated bodies were dried and fired as in Example 1 to achieve a coating thickness of 27.9 ⁇ m ⁇ 3.8 ⁇ m and similar adhesion and resistivity as observed in that example were obtained.
  • Coating compositions listed in Table 4 were prepared according to the procedure of Example 1. Each composition contained 0.3 wt% filmed silica, 0.12 wt% Cu 2 O, 0.24 wt% CdO and 0.33 wt% lead-borosilicate glass frit. As each composition was transferred from the milling jar to a storage container, it was examined by visual inspection, the results of which are summarized in the table.
  • Comparative Examples 4 and 5 each employed an aqueous emulsion of a non-water soluble acrylic polymer binder. The silver was not well dispersed and it agglomerated. Additionally, an excess of co-solvent was incorporated in the composition of Comparative Example 4..
  • Silver powder was used in Comparative Example 7.
  • the coating composition viscosity was greater than about 10 Pa ⁇ s (10,000 cps), and therefore, generally too high for spraying.
  • the sample was stored for a while without agitation, which caused the solids to settle. Vigorous stirring with a spatula failed to redisperse the solids.
  • the silver flake used in Comparative Example 8 had large particle sizes. Some flake particles were bigger than 20 ⁇ m. A coating composition suitable for spraying was not obtained.
  • 500g batches of coating compositions were produced from the materials shown in Table 5 in the manner described in Example 1 except that the ingredients were mixed in a ball mill for about 4 hours.
  • a sample of each composition was separately sprayed from a siphon fed spray gun onto a small ceramic part.
  • the spraying operation was evaluated subjectively with respect to how well the composition atomized, the ability of the operator to change coating thickness by varying air pressure, and quality of the coating e.g., whether the wet coating "sagged" on the spray part and whether the dried coating texture was smooth or irregular.
  • the spraying characteristics of all four compositions were similar and were deemed satisfactory.
  • Example 10 settled slowest and softest, that is, it redispersed most easily, however, all compositions were judged suitable for commercial production. Viscosity of each composition was measured with a Brookfield DVII viscometer using a No. 21 spindle at 25°C at rotation speeds between 1 and 50 rev./min.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of the viscosity determinations plotted against spindle rotation speed. The graph illustrates that viscosities of all samples were below 4.0 Pa ⁇ s and that the viscosity vs. shear rate characteristics among the example compositions were consistent and acceptable for spray coating.
  • Example 13 coating composition was formulated with 4.5 wt% polymer binder to increase green strength. Green strength was tested by pressing the tacky side of a clear strip of pressure sensitive tape onto a surface of a ceramic part that had been spray coated with a composition and allowed to dry in an air oven. The tape was peeled from the part and visually inspected for the amount of silver that struck to the tape. Green strength of the Example 13 coating composition was improved relative to that of Examples 10-12. It is noted that the silver concentration of Example 13 was reduced to 60 wt% in order to maintain sufficiently low viscosity for spray application. FIG. 1 shows that viscosity vs. shear rate performance of Example 13 composition was similar to the other samples. Ex. 10 wt% Ex. 11 wt% Ex.

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EP95117196A 1994-11-07 1995-11-02 Aqueous silver composition Expired - Lifetime EP0713930B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US335146 1994-11-07
US08/335,146 US5492653A (en) 1994-11-07 1994-11-07 Aqueous silver composition

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EP0713930A1 EP0713930A1 (en) 1996-05-29
EP0713930B1 true EP0713930B1 (en) 1998-04-08

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EP (1) EP0713930B1 (es)
KR (1) KR0174305B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1058741C (es)
AT (1) ATE164892T1 (es)
DE (1) DE69502004T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2115306T3 (es)
FI (1) FI114923B (es)
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FI955353A (fi) 1996-05-08
ES2115306T3 (es) 1998-06-16
US5658499A (en) 1997-08-19
DE69502004T2 (de) 1998-09-24
DE69502004D1 (de) 1998-05-14
HK1001465A1 (en) 1998-06-19
CN1134962A (zh) 1996-11-06
KR960017803A (ko) 1996-06-17
EP0713930A1 (en) 1996-05-29
CN1058741C (zh) 2000-11-22
KR0174305B1 (ko) 1999-03-20
ATE164892T1 (de) 1998-04-15
FI955353A0 (fi) 1995-11-07
FI114923B (fi) 2005-01-31
US5492653A (en) 1996-02-20

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