EP0688581B1 - Entkuppelbares selbstblockierendes Abseilgerät - Google Patents

Entkuppelbares selbstblockierendes Abseilgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0688581B1
EP0688581B1 EP95410046A EP95410046A EP0688581B1 EP 0688581 B1 EP0688581 B1 EP 0688581B1 EP 95410046 A EP95410046 A EP 95410046A EP 95410046 A EP95410046 A EP 95410046A EP 0688581 B1 EP0688581 B1 EP 0688581B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
handle
pulley
rope
flange
descender
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95410046A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0688581A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Petzl
Jean Marc Hede
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zedel SAS
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Zedel SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zedel SAS filed Critical Zedel SAS
Publication of EP0688581A1 publication Critical patent/EP0688581A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0688581B1 publication Critical patent/EP0688581B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B29/00—Apparatus for mountaineering
    • A63B29/02—Mountain guy-ropes or accessories, e.g. avalanche ropes; Means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/39—Cord and rope holders
    • Y10T24/3936—Pivoted part
    • Y10T24/394—Cam lever
    • Y10T24/3944—Cam engaging or disengaging

Definitions

  • Document FR-A 2 451 752 relates to a self-locking descender having two possibilities of blocking the rope depending on the position of the actuating handle.
  • the pulley is secured in permanently at the handle and for this purpose has two bosses angularly offset which alternately block the rope against a stud fixed, depending on whether the handle is in a raised position, or in a lowered position.
  • the rope is released in a position intermediate.
  • the blocking position is obtained after total relaxation of the handle, causing the rotation of the pulley under the action of the tension of the cord and the tightening of the cord by the first boss.
  • the second blocking position resulting from the intervention of the second boss which clamps the rope against the fixed stud in a different place following the lowering maximum of the handle.
  • Maintaining this second blockage of the rope nevertheless requires a permanent actuation effort on the handle lying in said lowered position.
  • a decrease in manual effort on the handle, especially by fatigue, can cause the latter towards the intermediate position, with a risk of unlocking the rope, susceptible to condition the security of the person.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a safe self-locking descender and easy to use.
  • the descender according to the invention is characterized in that the cam is associated with a training finger cooperating with a mechanism having a transmission lever movable between an active engagement position with your finger to establish a uni-directional mechanical connection between the handle and pulley when the handle is actuated to a position release intermediary during the descent movement, and a inactive exhaust position to break said mechanical connection after exceeding said intermediate position of the handle, causing disengagement of the pulley and automatic return of the cam to the position locking under the action of rope tension.
  • the drive finger, and the member are housed inside a rotating base open bottom annular drum attached to the first flange, the handle making projection of said base.
  • the transmission member is formed by a lever pivotally mounted on a second axis secured to the base, and comprising a ramp cooperating with a cylindrical part of the finger movable in the opening, said opening being shaped according to a circular sector centered on the first axis, and having a length corresponding to the angular movement of the pulley between the positions of blocking and unblocking.
  • the ramp of the transmission lever cooperates with stop means after exceeding the intermediate position of the handle, causing the pivoting of said lever towards the inactive unlocking position for the disengaging of the pulley.
  • the transmission member is formed by a rod cooperating with the drive finger to constitute a knee switch with neutral passage in the vicinity of said position middle of the handle.
  • Each mechanism according to the invention is fitted with reset means causing the transmission member to return to the active position for re-establishing the mechanical connection between the handle and the pulley.
  • Resetting can be either manual by actuating the handle, or automatic after disengaging the pulley.
  • a safety descender designated by the reference general 10, is used for the controlled descent of a person along of a rope 12.
  • the descender 10 comprises a first fixed flange 14 having a first axis 15 of articulation of a movable pulley 16 shaped as a cam 17, and a fixed spacer 18 for positioning and guiding the rope, said spacer 18 being separated from the pulley 16 by a space 20 of passage of the rope.
  • the pulley 16 is provided with a winding groove 21 rope 12.
  • the pulley 16 is mechanically connected to a control mechanism 22 provided with a pivoting handle 24 for manual actuation.
  • the upper part of the fixed spacer 18 is arranged in fixed shoe 26 having a braking surface 28 against which the rope 12 is pressed by the action cam lock 17.
  • the intermediate part of the spacer 18 extends externally along the right side ( Figure 2) of the first flange 14, and has an internal sector 30 curved, substantially centered on axis 15.
  • the lower part of the spacer 18 comprises a cross member 32 extending horizontally between the two opposite side edges of the flange 14.
  • a second mobile flange 34 (FIGS. 1 and 3), having a shape similar to that of the first flange 14, is pivotally mounted on a pivot 36 fixed to the first flange 14, and crossing the spacer 18 in the vicinity of the shoe 26.
  • the pivot 36 extends parallel to the first axis 15 of the pulley 16, according to a direction perpendicular to the first flange 14, such as the displacement of the second flange 34 takes place in a plane parallel to the first flange 14 following a manual user action between a closed position (figures 1 and 3), in which the cord 12 is trapped in the space 20, and a spread position (not shown) allowing the installation or removal of the rope 12.
  • the two flanges 14, 34 of the descender 10 are separated from each other by a transverse interval d, having a thickness corresponding to that of the spacer 18, and that of the pulley 16.
  • Each flange 14.34 has at its base an orifice 38.40 of circular shape or oblong, intended for the passage of a carabiner (not shown) for the attachment of the descender 10 to the user's harness.
  • a carabiner not shown
  • the two holes 38.40 are aligned, and the establishment of the carabiner keeps the descender 10 closed by preventing any inadvertent opening of the second flange 34.
  • a first return spring 42 (FIG. 2), in particular of the torsion type, is arranged on the axis 15 and biases the pulley 16 towards an unlocked position when the tension on the cord 12 is less than a predetermined threshold.
  • the distance between the cam 17 and the braking surface 28 of the fixed shoe 26 is then maximum.
  • the upstream strand 12A of the cord 12 is hooked to a member anchor (not shown) fixed to the wall or to the rock above the descender 10, while the downstream strand 12B falls by gravity downwards.
  • the rope 12 is wound in an S between the two opposite ends 44,46 to access the space 20.
  • the upstream strand 12A enters space 20 through the lower end 44, passes around the pulley 16 and leaves the upper end 46 arranged in the vicinity of the braking surface 28 of shoe 26.
  • the mechanism 22 with actuating handle 24 is disposed outside of the interval d on the side opposite the second flange 34, bearing on the posterior external surface 47 of the first flange 14.
  • the first axis 15 of the pulley 16 passes through a hole 48 (FIG. 3) of the first flange 14, and serves also of pivoting member to a rotary base 50 to which is secured to the handle 24.
  • the base 50 is formed by an annular drum having an open bottom 52 on the side of the rear surface 47 of the flange 14 fixed.
  • the base 50 and handle 24 assembly consists of a part monobloc, in metallic or insulating material, mounted with limited rotation on the first axis 15.
  • the pulley 16 is equipped with a drive finger 54 passing through a oblong opening or lumen 56 of the first flange 14 to cooperate with a ramp 57 of a transmission lever 58, which is pivotally mounted on a second axis 60 of the base 50 of the handle 24.
  • the ramp 57 can also slide along a fixed stop 62 integral with the first flange 14, causing the pivoting of the transmission lever 58 from an active locking position with the drive finger 54 to an inactive unlocking position for the release of said finger 54.
  • a second return spring 64 in particular of the compression type, is arranged between a bearing face 66 of the base 50 rotary, and the transmission lever 58 so as to urge the latter towards the active position.
  • the oblong opening 56 authorizes the movement of the finger 54 is formed by a sector corresponding to the travel angle of the pulley 16 between the locking and unlocking positions.
  • any voluntary release or involuntary handle 24 causes the pulley 16 to rotate in the direction of arrow F1 by the reaction of tension F on the rope.
  • the blocking of the rope 12 is then exerted against the braking surface 28 by the action for clamping the cam 17, and the handle 24 is biased towards a position raised (dotted line).
  • To re-initiate the descent movement simply lower the handle 24 from the raised position in the direction of the arrow F2 (figure 4).
  • the mechanical action of ramp 57 of the lever transmission 58 on the drive finger 54 causes the rotation of the pulley 16 in the opposite direction of arrow F1 up to the maximum spacing of the cam 17.
  • the unlocking of the cord 12 authorizing the continuation of the lowering movement occurs in an intermediate position of the handle 24, shown in solid lines in FIG. 4.
  • the unidirectional mechanical connection between the handle 24 and the pulley 16 is permanent and is constituted by the coming in engagement of lever 58 with finger 54, said lever 58 being held in active locking position by the spring 64.
  • the forced displacement of the finger 54 towards the left end of the opening 56 by the pushing action unidirectional ramp 57 is operated from the raised position (in dotted lines) towards the intermediate position (in solid lines) of the handle 24 ( Figure 4).
  • the pulley 16 is disengaged beyond the position intermediate of the handle 24.
  • the tension F of the cord 12 drives the pulley 16 rotating in the direction of arrow F1, against the restoring force of the spring 42, and the cam 17 automatically tightens the rope against the braking surface 28 of shoe 26, followed by stopping the downward movement (figure 7).
  • the finger 54 of the pulley 16 moves along the opening 56 curvilinear towards the right end.
  • the mechanical connection between finger 54 and the transmission lever 58 remains interrupted in the lowered position of the handle 24.
  • the rearming can also be carried out in a automatic by means of a return spring of the transmission lever 58, which automatically returns to the active locking position after declutching and after releasing the handle 24.
  • the user who releases or who grips the handle 24 is safe total thanks to this double rope locking system 12.
  • the mechanism 102 comprises a cylindrical base 104 in the form of drum associated with the handle 24, and rotatably mounted on a third axis 106 fixed to the rear face of the first flange 14.
  • the axis 106 is offset by relative to the axis 15 of the cam 17.
  • a transmission link 108 pivotally mounted on the third axis 106 and cooperating with a finger 110 drive pulley 16.
  • the finger 110 is formed by a lever curvilinear shape articulated on a fourth axis 112 secured to the pulley 16 mobile.
  • the free end of the link 108, opposite the third axis 106, has a control pin 114 intended to come into engagement against the internal edge of the finger 110 to ensure the rotational drive of the pulley 16 when the handle 24 is actuated.
  • the link assembly 108 and finger 110 forms a knee switch with passing neutral.
  • Figure 9 shows the descender 100 in the normal descent state corresponding to the intermediate position of the handle 24.
  • the passage of the handle 24 from the raised rope locking position to the position unlocking intermediate causes the link 108 to rotate in the clockwise, and the simultaneous push of the lug 114 on the finger 110.
  • the cam 17 of the pulley 16 moves away from the shoe 26 to allow the movement of descent by sliding of the rope in the throat of the pulley 16.
  • the overshoot of the knee lever of mechanism 102 occurs in Figure 11 during the continued lowering of the handle 24.
  • the axes 106,112 are no longer aligned with lug 114, which is released in escaping downwards thanks to the presence of the light 116 made in the base 50.
  • the escape of the lug 114 causes the release of the finger 110, and the breaking of the mechanical connection between the link 108 and the pulley 16.
  • the friction of the rope on the pulley 16 urges the cam 17 counterclockwise to the rope locking position against the pad 26. After this phase of unlocking the descender 102, the user is automatically stopped in its downward movement.
  • the mechanism 202 is also of the toggle type, but the connecting rod the transmission member 208 is pivotally mounted on a fifth axis 205 offset from the third axis 206 of the rotary base 204.
  • the drive finger 210 is articulated on the pulley 16 at the fourth axis 212, and has a bearing surface 213 curved in its part intermediate. This bearing surface 213 cooperates with the lug 214 of control of the link 208, and makes it possible to reinforce the pushing action on finger 210 for unlocking the pulley 16 (see FIG. 13).
  • the link 208 is associated with a return spring 209 which urges it in stop against the third axis 206.
  • Figure 14 shows the declutching phase which is similar to that described previously in Figure 11.
  • the lug 214 leaves the housing defined by the bearing surface 213 curved, and causes the knee brace and the mechanical link to break between the link 208 and the pulley 16.
  • the toggle mechanism 202 can be reset by reversing the direction of operation of the handle 24 (arrow F6, figure 15), from the position disengaged to the intermediate position, in which the lug 214 of the rod 208 passes the hard point of finger 210, to be housed in the hollow of the bearing surface 213.
  • the rotary reset movement of the mechanism 202 Figures 13 to 15 is opposite to that of the descender 100 illustrated in the figure 12.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Selbstblockierendes Sicherheits-Abseilgerät zum Abstieg längs eines Seiles (12) mit :
    einer ersten festen Trägerplatte (14) eines Bremsklotzes (26) und einer beweglichen Seilrolle (16) in Form eines Nockens (17), wobei der genannte Nocken begrenzt drehbar auf einer ersten Gelenkachse (15) angebracht ist, zwischen einer Blockierungsstellung und einer Befreiungsstellung, und von dem Klotz (26) durch einen Zwischenraum (20) zum Durchlaufen des Seiles (12) getrennt ist,
    einer zweiten abnehmbaren Platte (34), die von der ersten Platte durch einen transversalen Zwischenraum (d) getrennt ist und eine gespreizte Stellung einnehmen kann für das Anbringen oder das Abnehmen des Sees (12), und eine geschlossene Stellung, in der das Seil (12) in dem Raum (20) eingefangen ist,
    einem Betätigungsgriff (24) der Seilrolle (16), um die manuelle Befreiung des Seiles (12) zu gewährleisten,
    und einer ersten Rückholfeder (42) der Seilrolle (16) in die Befreiungsstellung, wenn die Spannung des Seiles (12) niedriger als ein vorbestimmter Wert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nocken (17) mit einem Antriebsfinger (54, 110, 210) verbunden ist, der mit einem Mechanismus (22, 102, 202) zusammenarbeitet, der ein Übertragungsorgan (58, 108, 208) aufweist, das zwischen einer aktiven, mit dem Finger (54, 110, 210) zusammenwirkenden Stellung, in der eine mechanische unidirektionelle Verbindung zwischen dem Griff (24) und der Seilrolle (16) hergestellt wird, wenn der Griff (24) bis zu einer Befreiungs-Zwischenstellung während der Abstiegbewegung betätigt wird, und einer inaktiven, Befreiungsstellung bewegbar ist, um die genannte mechanische Verbindung nach Überschreiten der genannten Zwischenstellung des Griffs (24) zu zerbrechen und dabei ein Entkuppeln der Seilrolle (16) und eine automatische Rückkehr des Nockens (17) in die Blockierungsstellung unter der Einwirkung der Seilspannung bewirkt.
  2. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mechanismus (22, 102, 202) ausserhalb des Zwischenraums (d) zwischen den beiden Platten (14, 34) angeordnet ist, und dass der Antriebsfinger (54, 110, 210) der Seilrolle (16) ein Teil aufweist, das die Öffnung (56, 116, 216) der ersten Platte (14) durchquert.
  3. Abseilgerät gemäs Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antriebsfinger (54, 110, 210) und das Übertragungsorgan (58, 108, 208) im Innern eines drehbaren Sockels (50, 104, 204) in Form einer ringförmigen Trommel mit offenem Boden untergebracht sind, die mit der ersten Platte (14) verbunden ist, wobei der Griff (24) aus dem genannten Sockel herausragt.
  4. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Übertragungsorgan von einem Hebel (58) gebildet wird, der drehbar auf einer zweiten, mit dem Sockel (50) verbundenen Achse (60) angebracht ist, und eine Rampe (57) aufweist, die mit einem zylindrischen Teil des in der Öffnung (56) versetzbaren Fingers (54) zusammenarbeitet, wobei die genannte Öffnung gemäss einem runden, auf der ersten Achse (15) zentrierten Abschnitt ausgebildet ist und eine Länge besitzt, die der Winkelbewegung der Seilrolle (16) zwischen der Blockierungs- und Befreiungsstellung entspricht.
  5. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rampe (57) des Übertragungshebels (58) mit den Anschlagmitteln (62) zusammenarbeitet nach Überschreiten der Zwischenstellung des Griffs (24), und dabei die Drehung des genannten Hebels (58) in eine inaktive Entriegelungsstellung bewirkt zum Entkuppeln der Seilrolle (16).
  6. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweite Rückholfeder (64) zwischen einer Auflagenfläche (66) des Sockels (50) und dem Übertragungshebel (58) angeordnet ist, um letzteren in eine aktive, Verriegelungsstellung zu bringen, in der die Rampe (57) eine Stütze gegen den Antriebsfinger (54) ist.
  7. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der drehbare Sockel (50) auf einer mit der ersten Achse (15) ausgerichteten Erweiterung montiert ist, die senkrecht die erste Platte (14) durchquert, und dass die Anschlagmittel (62) von einem feststehenden Knopf gebildet werden, der mit der ersten Platte (14) verbunden ist und sich dabei parallel zur zweiten Achse (60) des Übertragungshebels (58) erstreckt.
  8. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Übertragungsorgan (108, 208) von einem Gelenkhebel gebildet wird, der mit dem Antriebsfinger (110, 210) zusammenarbeitet, um ein Kniehebelgelenk mit Totpunkt-Durchgang in der Nähe der genannten Zwischenstellung des Griffs (24) zu bilden.
  9. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (104) des Griffs (24) drehbar auf einer dritten Achse (106, 206) montiert ist, die mit der ersten Platte (14) verbunden ist, und dass der Übertragungs-Gelenkhebel (108, 208) einen Antriebshaken (114, 214) aufweist, der dazu bestimmt ist, mit einer gekrümmten Auflagefläche (115, 213) des Antriebsfingers (110, 210) in Verbindung zu kommen, welcher auf einer vierten Achse (112, 212) beweglich angeordnet ist, die mit der Seilrolle (16) verbunden ist.
  10. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mechanismus (22, 102, 202) mit Wiederspann-Mitteln versehen ist, welche die Rückkehr des Übertragungsorgans (58, 108, 208) in die aktive Stellung bewirken, um die mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem Griff (24) und der Seilrolle (16) wiederherzustellen.
  11. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wiederspann-Mittel durch eine manuelle Betätigung des Griffs (24) wirksam gemacht werden, und das Zusammenkommen des Übertragungsorgans (58, 108, 208) in der aktiven Lage mit dem Antriebsfinger (54, 110) bewirken.
  12. Abseilgerät gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wederspann-Mittel so ausgebildet sind, um eine automatische Rückkehr in eine aktive Stellung nach Loslassen des entkuppelten Griffs (24) herbeizuführen..
EP95410046A 1994-06-23 1995-05-18 Entkuppelbares selbstblockierendes Abseilgerät Expired - Lifetime EP0688581B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9407974 1994-06-23
FR9407974A FR2721522B1 (fr) 1994-06-23 1994-06-23 Descendeur débrayable à autoblocage de la corde.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0688581A1 EP0688581A1 (de) 1995-12-27
EP0688581B1 true EP0688581B1 (de) 1999-09-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95410046A Expired - Lifetime EP0688581B1 (de) 1994-06-23 1995-05-18 Entkuppelbares selbstblockierendes Abseilgerät

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5577576A (de)
EP (1) EP0688581B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3649774B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100320638B1 (de)
AU (1) AU682107B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69511950T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2136817T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2721522B1 (de)

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EP2857069A2 (de) 2013-10-07 2015-04-08 Etablissements Simond Selbstblockierendes Sicherungs- und Abseilgerät
EP3552668B1 (de) * 2018-04-11 2022-04-06 Zedel Selbstblockierendes abseilgerät mit ausrückbarem griff

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CN103706049B (zh) * 2013-06-20 2015-11-11 长沙理工大学 新型高楼火灾防坠器
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FR3032354A1 (fr) * 2015-02-11 2016-08-12 Zedel Dispositif assureur descendeur sur corde a demultiplication et blocage anti-panique
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EP2857069A2 (de) 2013-10-07 2015-04-08 Etablissements Simond Selbstblockierendes Sicherungs- und Abseilgerät
US9573002B2 (en) 2013-10-07 2017-02-21 Etablissements Simond Self-blocking descender-belay device
EP3552668B1 (de) * 2018-04-11 2022-04-06 Zedel Selbstblockierendes abseilgerät mit ausrückbarem griff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2721522A1 (fr) 1995-12-29
JP3649774B2 (ja) 2005-05-18
KR100320638B1 (ko) 2002-10-11
AU682107B2 (en) 1997-09-18
DE69511950T2 (de) 2000-03-09
DE69511950D1 (de) 1999-10-14
KR960000755A (ko) 1996-01-25
US5577576A (en) 1996-11-26
EP0688581A1 (de) 1995-12-27
JPH0852237A (ja) 1996-02-27
AU2182095A (en) 1996-01-11
ES2136817T3 (es) 1999-12-01
FR2721522B1 (fr) 1996-08-14

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