EP0681672B2 - Procede permettant d'acheminer des matieres consistantes contenant des dechets metalliques prebroyes ou des solides analogues - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'acheminer des matieres consistantes contenant des dechets metalliques prebroyes ou des solides analogues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681672B2
EP0681672B2 EP94902701A EP94902701A EP0681672B2 EP 0681672 B2 EP0681672 B2 EP 0681672B2 EP 94902701 A EP94902701 A EP 94902701A EP 94902701 A EP94902701 A EP 94902701A EP 0681672 B2 EP0681672 B2 EP 0681672B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor
piston
cylinder
cutting
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94902701A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0681672A1 (fr
EP0681672B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Schlecht
Ulrich Schuster
Wolfgang Zey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH
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Putzmeister AG
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Publication of EP0681672B1 publication Critical patent/EP0681672B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/103—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber
    • F04B9/1035—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber the movement of the pump piston in the two directions being obtained by two single-acting liquid motors each acting in one direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/02—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
    • F04B15/023—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous supply of fluid to the pump by gravity through a hopper, e.g. without intake valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/08—Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
    • F04B53/164—Stoffing boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the valving being fluid-actuated
    • F04B7/0266—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the valving being fluid-actuated the inlet and discharge means being separate members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/10—Waste feed arrangements using ram or pusher
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/306776—Axially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0405—With preparatory or simultaneous ancillary treatment of work
    • Y10T83/0419—By distorting within elastic limit
    • Y10T83/0429—By compressing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0448—With subsequent handling [i.e., of product]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0524—Plural cutting steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/141—With means to monitor and control operation [e.g., self-regulating means]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/263—With means to apply transient nonpropellant fluent material to tool or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/465—Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4766—Orbital motion of cutting blade
    • Y10T83/4795—Rotary tool
    • Y10T83/4812—Compound movement of tool during tool cycle
    • Y10T83/4815—Axial reciprocation of tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/525—Operation controlled by detector means responsive to work
    • Y10T83/538—Positioning of tool controlled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/727—With means to guide moving work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
    • Y10T83/8858—Fluid pressure actuated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9423—Punching tool
    • Y10T83/9428—Shear-type male tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for conveying pre-comminuted Metal scrap or the like containing solids Thick matter.
  • the invention further relates to a device for conveying pre-shredded metal scrap or the like Thick materials containing solids.
  • the metal scrap is in a drum sieve and other solids, mostly in the form of a pasty or waste-like special waste present separately, before both fractions continuously Incinerator are fed. Such a procedure requires however, both devices for feeding the thick matter as well as for feeding the solids into the incinerator.
  • U.S. Patent 3,559,823 discloses one method and one 8. The device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and 8. The delivery piston is rigid there with the rod of a double acting Hydraulic cylinder connected.
  • the invention is based on the object Method and a device of the type mentioned develop an essentially continuous promotion of pre-shredded metal scrap or the like solid allow thick matter containing.
  • this object is achieved by a method solved according to claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the idea that pre-shredded container waste containing thick materials to promote a piston pump because piston pumps are in the process of delivery of thick matter with different liquid content have proven their worth, and in the course of funding only those Crush container scrap, which in uncrushed Form would hinder the promotion.
  • the increase in feed force and thus the shear force allows larger ones to be sheared off or thicker solids from the feed cylinder into the Survive the feed container.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the protruding parts between at least one of the inlet opening of the feed cylinder at least partially surrounding Edge and at least one at the inlet of the delivery piston in the feed cylinder with a small distance at the edge guided past, arranged at the front end of the delivery piston Cutting edge are sheared off.
  • Such an approach makes it possible to shred only the solids, which occurs when the delivery piston enters the delivery cylinder partly in the feed container and partly in the feed cylinder are located. The energy expenditure required for shredding is significantly reduced.
  • the translatory movement of the delivery piston during its advancing movement a rotary movement superimposed on the delivery piston axis, around the cutting action between the stationary edge and to improve the cutting edge at the front end of the delivery piston.
  • the rotary movement of the delivery piston can, for example hydraulically via a rotary piston of a drive cylinder.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before that a return of the located in the feed cylinder Thick matter during a suction stroke of the delivery piston Closure of a slide arranged in the feed cylinder is prevented that is synchronous with the movement of the delivery piston is always opened when the delivery piston is completely is drawn in and is closed when the delivery piston is fully extended.
  • the one on which the invention is based Object achieved by the feature combination of claim 6.
  • the Cutting means through at least one of the inlet opening of the Conveying cylinder at least partially surrounding edge and at least one when the delivery piston enters the delivery cylinder led by the edge at a short distance, Cutting edge arranged at the front end of the delivery piston is formed.
  • the circumferential cutting edge is zigzag or wavy in the conveying direction and / or in the radial direction be so that on solid protruding from the feed container into the feed cylinder not bluntly cutting but is sheared, making it easier to break up the Solid body is made possible.
  • the edge of the inlet opening is also zigzag or wavy.
  • the edge and the cutting edge preferably consist of Tungsten carbide or hardened steel.
  • the Cutting edge expediently at one end of the conveyor cylinder on the container side arranged cutting ring made of hardened steel or is formed from hard metal, the cutting edge is preferred at a detachably attachable at the front end of the delivery piston Cutting crown between one facing the feed cylinder End face and a peripheral surface of the delivery piston arranged.
  • the zigzag design of the cutting edge is according to one a further advantageous embodiment of the invention achieved that it is arranged by cutting bodies protruding forward over the cutting crown are formed which is conveniently in one piece with the cutting crown are trained.
  • Delivery piston in the inlet opening of the delivery cylinder to facilitate has at the front end of the delivery piston arranged cutting crown, the outer diameter of which Corresponds to the outer diameter of the delivery piston, expediently in Area of the cutting edge on a conical chamfer.
  • the delivery piston in the region of its front end at least one annular groove on its peripheral surface, through which the seal of several tenths of a millimeter measures Annular gap between the delivery piston and the delivery cylinder is improved.
  • the ring groove usually replaces this place arranged elastic seals, which by the metal parts are slightly damaged and therefore unusable would.
  • the lower part of the Feed container in contrast to known piston pumps, in which the feed container in its lower part always deeper and wider than the delivery piston cross-section was designed to wear of elastic arranged at the front end of the delivery piston to prevent seals, the lower part of the Feed container according to a further preferred embodiment the invention one essentially the cross section of a preferably corresponding semicircular feed piston segment Cross section on.
  • This measure can avoid that metal parts in the lower half of the delivery piston cross-section protrude from the delivery line into the feed container so that in the area of the lower half of the delivery piston and the lower Half of the inlet opening can be dispensed with cutting means could.
  • symmetrical designs can also be used Cutting tool turned 180 degrees after one-sided wear be reinstalled.
  • the cross section of the lower one Part of the feed container preferably by a few tenths Millimeters larger than the delivery piston diameter.
  • the floor the feed container can be used as a releasably attachable lining be made of wear plate.
  • a so-called bridge breaker in the area of the feed container arranged of the thick matter in the feed container presses, thus ensuring that material bridges in the feed container be destroyed and that the thick matter during the feed of the delivery piston not upwards through a filling funnel of the feed container can escape, but through the inlet opening are pressed into the feed cylinder.
  • the slide according to the invention in one Slidable guide that engages in the feed cylinder Slider blade on which at least the one opposite the guide Edge in the feed direction a wedge-shaped Has cross section.
  • the wedge shape of the edge ensures that material when the slider is pulled back from the feed cylinder easily penetrates the guide again is pushed out and not in the narrow gap between the guide and the slide blade and thus become one Jamming of the slide blade leads.
  • the edge of the slide blade opposite the guide is expediently in their contour the inner cross section of the feed cylinder adjusted and is in the closed slide against one fitted opposite the guide in the feed cylinder Stop with semicircular, the inner cross section of the Delivery cylinder corresponding stop surface.
  • the slide When the slide is closed, it may be in the slide path the solid from the slide blade against the stop surface of the stop pressed. The slider can then not fully closed, however, prevent the jammed Solid also a backflow of the thick matter from the feed cylinder into the feed container.
  • a feed chute opening into the feed container and a that can be inserted into the feed shaft in the direction of the feed container preferably hydraulically actuated stop organ is provided.
  • the stop organ is expediently inclined into the feed shaft preferably slidable into the feed container.
  • To avoid bridging in the feed shaft is advantageously a substantially transverse to the displacement the stop organ into the feed shaft, preferably hydraulically operated bridge breaking element provided, the appropriate above or across the stop organ in In the direction of the feed container can be inserted into the feed shaft.
  • the feed shaft has two at an angle Flanges arranged in the shaft casing for fastening a stuffing cylinder and a bridge breaker cylinder.
  • the conveyor device must ensure that the preferred designed as a plunger delivery piston, the Stop organ, the bridge-breaking device and the slide over one Central control can be controlled cyclically in a suitable manner.
  • the device shown in the drawing is to be used to be in a hazardous waste incinerator in barrels delivered liquid, pasty and pasty special waste in essentially continuously a rotary kiln for combustion feed.
  • the device is made of rusty, fused sheet metal parts or other unburned Part of the iron scrap from the rotary kiln this can be fed again after the combustion reduce the amount of residual waste and the amount that still exists Use the calorific value of this part of the burn-up.
  • Shredders are shredded by magnetic separation fused sheet metal parts separated from the erosion with a liquid or pasty carrier material, preferably also liquid or pasty special waste before the resulting solid-thick mixture fed into the rotary kiln with the device according to the invention becomes.
  • the device shown consists essentially of a hydraulically driven single-piston pump 2, from the delivery piston 4 the solid / thick mixture from a feed container 6 via a feed cylinder 8 into a rotary kiln (not shown) leading delivery line is pressed.
  • the delivery piston 4 at the front end 12 Cutting crown 14 made of hardened steel, which when entering the feed cylinder 8 for shearing off the protruding sheet metal parts or other solid with one also made of hardened Steel existing cutting ring 18 cooperates.
  • the cutting ring delimits an inlet opening 16 through which the solid body -Dickstoff mixture from the feed container 6 in the feed cylinder 8 is pressed.
  • the cutting ring 18 has several, distributed over the circumference, ends in a radially inwardly open annular groove 170 Lubrication holes 172.
  • the lubrication holes are over a central lubrication system in the pump cycle at the moment of Immersing the delivery piston 4 in the cutting ring 18 with Lubricating oil applied. With these precautions follows a considerable reduction in wear for the feed cylinder 8 and the downstream delivery line (Fig. 6).
  • the feed cylinder 8 has one Ring channel 178 on the 180 connections in the direction of Arrows 182 can be acted upon with cooling water.
  • the water cooling is required when the medium to be pumped is infused with steam is.
  • the cutting ring 18 has on it an end opening 20 facing the feed container 6 16 surrounding edge 22 on which at Entry of the delivery piston 4 in the delivery cylinder 8 a Cutting edge 24 of the cutting crown 14 is passed at a small distance becomes. While the edge 22 of the cutting ring 18th is circular, the cutting edge 24 runs zigzag a cylindrical peripheral surface 26 of the cutting crown 14 forward-facing conical chamfer surface 28 um, the Chamfer surface 28 the insertion of the in the area of the feed container 6 not guided delivery piston 4 into the inlet opening 16 should facilitate.
  • the zigzag-shaped cutting edge 24 limits thereby over a central circular end face 30 of the Cutting crown 14 protruding forward, in one piece with the Cutting crown 14 formed cutting body 32, the end face 30 surrounded by a ring.
  • the cutting bodies 32 have in tangential direction a triangular cross-section on and are each towards the front by roof-shaped towards each other and limited to the piston axis 34 inclined guide surfaces 36, 38, 40, which cause that when the feed piston 4 enters the inlet opening 16 from the feed cylinder 8 into the feed container 6 protruding sheet metal parts in tangential and radial Direction in relation to the guide surfaces 36, 38, 40 shifted which will make their shearing easier.
  • the cutting crown 14 is provided with axial fastening screws 59 releasably on a front, the delivery cylinder 8 facing End face 41 of the delivery piston 4 attached.
  • the threaded holes for the mounting screws 59 are regular Angular distances arranged so that the cutting crown 14 at one one-sided wear of the cutting edge 24 removed and after rotation through a corresponding angle around the piston axis 34 can be reattached.
  • the delivery piston has 4 on its circumferential surface 37 two or more in a row arranged annular grooves 39 on.
  • the ring grooves 39 have a rectangular cross section, the ratio between their depth and width is approximately 1: 2.
  • the Distance between the two ring grooves 39 corresponds essentially their width.
  • the ring grooves 39 act as relief grooves and cause the pressure drop in the gap 41 between the peripheral surface 37 of the delivery piston 4 and the inner surface of the delivery cylinder 8 compared to a delivery piston without annular grooves enlarged and thus the backflow of thick matter through the gap 41 during the feed movement of the delivery piston 4 is difficult.
  • the annular grooves 39 replace those in piston pumps usually arranged at this point elastic Seals that none in the piston pump according to the invention Find use because they are quick thanks to the sharp sheet metal parts would be damaged or destroyed.
  • the peripheral surface 37 of the delivery piston 4 is hardened to prevent small metal particles entering the gap 41 which lead to damage to the peripheral surface 37.
  • the feed container 6 points in the conveying direction of the delivery piston 4 two mutually opposite parallel walls 40, 42, each with a circular passage opening 44, 46 are provided for the delivery piston 4.
  • the passage opening 44 in the limit the feed container 6 to the feed cylinder 8 out Wall 40 is the annular cutting ring 18 against an annular flange 48 at the container end of a first Section 50 of the feed cylinder 8 is inserted in such a way that that in the case of one-sided wear, a corresponding one Dimension can be rotated.
  • a guide cylinder 52 of the single-piston pump 2 in which the Delivery piston 4 is guided.
  • the lower part of one has semicircular cross section.
  • the diameter of the semicircular part of the tub cross section is only around a few tenths of a mm larger than the diameter of the delivery piston 4, so that it is ensured that on the one hand the delivery piston 4th does not rub against the tub 56, but on the other hand during the feed the delivery piston 4 also no sheet metal parts or others Solids in the gap between delivery piston 4 and tray 56 reach.
  • the feed container 6 with a horizontal screw flange 60 provided on the hopper or feed shaft 200 can be placed.
  • the feed shaft is with two diagonally aligned jacket flanges 202,204 provided with a hydraulic tamping cylinder 206 and a hydraulic bridge breaker cylinder 208 are.
  • the tamper cylinder 206 has a stop organ Piston rod 210, which is inclined towards the feed container 6 is displaceable into the feed shaft 200.
  • the Bridge breaker cylinder 208 has one transverse to the direction of displacement of the stop organ 210 slidable, designed as a bridge breaker Piston rod 212, which the feed shaft 200 at Moving across.
  • the feed chute 200 provided with a horizontal screw flange 214, to which a feed channel, not shown, can be flanged is.
  • the delivery piston designed as a plunger cylinder 4 is moved to its rear end position, the solid-thick mixture via the feed shaft 200 into the feed container 6 arrive.
  • the stop organ 210 is also carried of the mixture in front of it in the direction of the feed container 6 postponed, so that a compression and thus a good Fill level results.
  • the stop organ 210 is returned to its end position moved so that new material is conveyed from above can be.
  • the delivery piston 4 under Moving the material opening in the feed container back again the bridge breaker 212 is actuated to possibly to cut material bridges occurring in the feed shaft 200.
  • the next to the feed container 6, up to the slide 10 extending first section 50 of the feed cylinder 8 has a cylindrical tube wall made of hardened steel 43 to damage the inner wall surface by in the gap 41 between the latter and the delivery piston 4 to prevent penetrating metal particles.
  • a cylindrical tube wall made of hardened steel 43 to damage the inner wall surface by in the gap 41 between the latter and the delivery piston 4 to prevent penetrating metal particles.
  • the guide cylinder adjoining the wall 42 of the feed container 52 has on its inner peripheral surface 49 in the area a scraper 51 in the passage opening in the wall 42 and immediately behind the stripper 51 a plurality of in Sealing rings 53 arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction and guide bands 55.
  • a plurality of in Sealing rings 53 arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction and guide bands 55.
  • the gap between the guide cylinder 52 and the delivery piston 4 is in via the lubrication holes 174 in Direction of arrows 176 via a central lubrication system Lubricating oil applied.
  • the delivery piston 4 is, as shown in simplified form in FIG. 7, designed as a plunger cylinder 57 opposite a piston 58 a piston rod arranged stationary in the guide cylinder 52 60 is displaceable.
  • the piston rod 61 has two Pressure oil channels 66, 68, each alternatively with one a drive pump 80 leading pressure oil supply line 62, 64th or with a return flow line leading to a return flow tank 76 ' 78, 79 are connectable, and of which the one into one on the delivery side between the piston 59 and the plunger cylinder 57 arranged pressure space 70 and the other in a rod side arranged between the piston 59 and the plunger cylinder 57 Pressure room 72 opens.
  • the effective piston area in the delivery side Pressure chamber 70 is twice as large as the effective piston area in the rod-side pressure chamber 72, since the cross section of the Piston rod 61 is half as large as the cross section of the delivery side Pressure space 70.
  • the two pressure spaces 70, 72 are by a lockable connecting line (not shown) connected with each other when acting together of the two pressure chambers 70, 72 with pressure oil (differential control) is open so that pressure equalization is established and pressure oil from the rod-side pressure chamber 72 to the delivery side Pressure chamber 70 can be promoted.
  • the pressure in the pressure oil channel 68 is from two pressure transducers 76, 77 monitors each time a predetermined value is exceeded Pressure during the feed movement of the plunger 57 a Apply control signal 82 to control unit 82.
  • both pressure spaces 70, 72 Activated in differential control when the compensation line is open and over the pressure oil supply lines 62, 64 and with this connected pressure oil channels 66, 68 pressurized. Since only the bar area is available as the effective area stands, the plunger cylinder 57 is with a relative low feed force, but with a relative high feed rate.
  • the pressure in the increases Pressurized oil circuit continues until it reaches the specified value on the second Pressure sensor 77 exceeds and the control unit 82 of this is fed a signal.
  • the control unit 82 connects thereupon the pressure oil channel 68 with the return flow line 79 and the pressure oil channel 66 with the pressure oil supply line 62, so that now only the rod-side pressure chamber 72 is pressurized and the plunger cylinder 57 is withdrawn.
  • the slider 10 arranged in the delivery line 8 consists of essentially from a in a slide flange 92 in a vertical Directionally guided slide blade 94, which with the slide 10 open, the delivery line 8 completely releases and completely closes them when the slide 10 is closed.
  • the spade-shaped slide blade 94 is by means of two Hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 slidable, each with their Piston rod 100 on slide blade 94 and with its cylinder 102 on the slide flange 92 installed in the delivery line 8 attack.
  • the part of the slide blade engaging in the delivery line 8 94 is down through a to the inner cross section of the delivery line 8 adapted semi-circular edge 104 bounded the with closed slide 10 with a semi-cylindrical Stop surface 106 on a likewise semi-cylindrical stop surface 108 one between two parallel flange plates 110, 112 of the slide flange 92 inserted stop plate 114 is present.
  • the slide blade 94 is above the conveyor line 8 in a guide shaft arranged between the flange plates 110, 112 116 with a guide slot which is rectangular in cross section 118 led, its opposite Broad side surfaces 122 and broad side surfaces 124 of the slide blade 94, each leaving a narrow gap 120 opposite.
  • the edge 104 of the slide blade 94 has one in the conveying direction cross section tapering towards the stop surface 106 on, which ensures that metal particles that Pulling the slide blade 94 out of the delivery line 8 in the narrow gap 120 between the slide blade 94 and the Guide shaft 116 arrive at the subsequent insertion of the slide blade 94 in the delivery line 8 from this to Delivery line 8 are pushed out of the gap 120 again and not between the slide blade 94 and the guide shaft Set 116.
  • the guide shaft 116 is formed in two parts, whereby the lower part 126 against one of the flange plates 110, 112 for Supported inside the conveyor line 8 towards limiting ring 128 and wherein the upper part 130 through in tapped holes of the Flange plates 110, 112 engaging adjusting screws 132 against one resting on top of the lower part 126 Gasket set 134 is pulled.
  • the seal set 134 from around the slide blade 94 circumferential elastic seals 136, 138 is pressed together, the seals 136,138 against each other create the slide blade 94.
  • the two sections of the delivery line 8 in front of and behind the Sliders 10 are each in threaded holes in the flange plates 110, 112 engaging fastening screws 140 on the Flange plates 110, 112 held in place by connecting screws 142 are interconnected.
  • the slide blade 94 is also formed in two parts, wherein the lower, in the guide slot 118 of the guide shaft 116 engaging part by holding screws 144 to the upper one Part is connected, which is transverse to the conveying direction on the Flange plates 110, 112 protrude and downward-pointing cylindrical Recordings 146, in which cylindrical, each on the front side via the piston rods 100 of the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 protruding pins 148 fastened with retaining bolts 150 are.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 are on pivot pins 152 pivotally mounted in the side over the Flange plates 110, 112 protruding brackets 154 used are.
  • a closed sheet metal housing is on the flange plates 110, 112 156 placed in which the slide blade 94 against protected against external influences when pulled up.
  • In the wall 158 of the sheet metal housing 156 are two proximity switches 160, 162 used, each in the upper and lower end position of the slide blade 94 when approaching one projecting beyond the slide blade 94 in the conveying direction Address flange 164.
  • the signal supplied by the limit switches to the control unit 82 serves to reach the upper or lower end position of the slide blade 94, the pressure oil supply to the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 close and then the feed movement or initiate the retraction of the delivery piston 4, which is synchronized with the slider 10.
  • the slide 10 is in the conveying direction immediately behind the Place in the delivery line 8, at which is complete extended delivery piston 4 whose front end 12 is located. This ensures that when withdrawing of the delivery piston 4 on the container side of the slide 10 no thick matter more in the feed cylinder 8, which is back to Feed container 6 is sucked.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Screw Conveyors (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (36)

  1. Procédé d'acheminement de matières consistantes contenant des déchets métalliques broyés ou des solides analogues, dans lequel les matières consistantes sont poussées par un piston d'alimentation (4) de type piston plongeur, a partir d'un conteneur alimenteur (6) dont le fond passe immédiatement sous le piston d'alimentation (4) et qui est limité ou fermé du côté entrée pendant chaque course de refoulement, dans un cylindre transporteur (8), et dans lequel des solides dépassant d'une ouverture d'entrée (16) du cylindre transporteur (8), située du côté conteneur, sont cisaillés par le piston d'alimentation (4) dont au moins l'extrémité frontale antérieure pénètre dans le cylindre transporteur (8), caractérisé en ce que la force d'avancement du piston d'alimentation (4) est augmentée dès qu'une pression prédéterminée, surveillée au moyen d'un premier capteur de pression, est dépassée dans un fluide poussant le piston d'alimentation (4), et en ce que, quand la pression augmente de façon supplémentaire, le piston d'alimentation (4) est tiré en arrière dès qu'une pression prédéterminée, surveillée au moyen d'un second capteur de pression, est dépassée dans un fluide poussant le piston d'alimentation (4), puis est avancé de nouveau.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les solides sont cisaillés entre au moins un bord périphérique entourant l'ouverture d'entrée (16) et au moins une arête coupante (24) disposée à l'extrémité frontale du piston d'alimentation (4) et passant à une petite distance du bord périphérique quand le piston d'alimentation (4) pénètre dans le cylindre transporteur (8).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au mouvement de translation du piston d'alimentation (4) est superposé un mouvement de rotation.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un tiroir (10) disposé dans le cylindre transporteur (8) est fermé avant une course d'aspiration du piston d'alimentation (4).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, lors de la fermeture du tiroir (10), des solides situés dans la trajectoire de déplacement d'une lame de tiroir (94) s'engageant dans le cylindre transporteur (8) sont coincés entre la lame de tiroir et une paroi du cylindre transporteur.
  6. Dispositif d'acheminement de matières consistantes, en particulier pour l'acheminement de matières consistantes contenant des déchets métalliques broyés ou des solides analogues, comprenant une pompe à piston (2) équipée d'un piston d'alimentation (4) de type piston plongeur par lequel les matières consistantes sont poussées à partir d'un conteneur alimenteur (6) dans un cylindre transporteur (8), le piston d'alimentation (4) présentant à son extrémité frontale antérieure (12), pénétrant dans le cylindre transporteur (8), des moyens de coupe (14, 24) qui coopèrent avec des moyens de coupe (18, 22) dans la région d'une ouverture d'entrée (16) du cylindre transporteur (8) située du côté conteneur, et une partie inférieure du conteneur alimenteur (6) présentant une section transversale qui correspond sensiblement à la section transversale d'un segment du piston d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce que le piston d'alimentation (4) a la forme d'un cylindre plongeur (57) et en ce que le cylindre plongeur (57) peut être déplacé hydrauliquement par rapport à un piston (59) d'une tige de piston (61) stationnaire qui pénètre dans le cylindre plongeur (57), une chambre de compression (70) disposée du côté refoulement entre le piston (59) et le cylindre plongeur (57) pouvant être alimentée en huile sous pression, pendant une course de compression, conjointement avec une chambre de compression (72) disposée du côté tige entre le piston (59) et le cylindre plongeur (57), et la pression dans la chambre de compression (72) située du côté tige pouvant être supprimée, avec fermeture d'une communication entre les chambres de compression (70, 72), dès qu'une pression prédéterminée est dépassée dans les chambres de compression (70, 72), les moyens de coupe (18, 22) étant constitués par au moins un bord périphérique (22) qui entoure au moins partiellement l'ouverture d'entrée (16) du cylindre transporteur (8) et par au moins une arête coupante (24) disposée à l'extrémité frontale (12) du piston d'alimentation (4) et qui passe à une faible distance du bord périphérique (22) quand le piston d'alimentation (4) pénètre dans le cylindre transporteur (8), l'arête coupante (24) et/ou le bord périphérique (22) présentant une forme en zigzag ou une forme ondulée.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le bord périphérique (22) et l'arête coupante (24) sont constitués d'un métal dur ou d'acier trempé.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le bord périphérique (22) est conformé sur une bague coupante (18) en acier trempé ou en métal dur disposée à l'extrémité du cylindre transporteur (8) située du côté conteneur.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'arête coupante (24) est disposée sur une couronne de coupe (14) fixée de manière amovible sur l'extrémité frontale antérieure (12) du piston d'alimentation (4).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'arête coupante (24) est disposée entre au moins une surface frontale (30) tournée vers le cylindre transporteur (8) et au moins une surface circonférentielle (26) du piston d'alimentation (4).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'arête coupante (24) délimite vers l'avant un chanfrein conique (28) à l'extrémité antérieure de la couronne de coupe (14).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'arête coupante (24) est constituée par des corps de coupe (32) qui dépassent vers l'avant au-dessus d'un corps de couronne de coupe (15).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les corps de coupe (32) sont réalisés d'un seul tenant avec le corps de couronne de coupe (15).
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que les corps de coupe (32) sont disposés en couronne les uns à côté des autres et présentent une section transversale de forme triangulaire dans la direction tangentielle.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les corps de coupe (32) sont délimités par des surfaces de guidage (36, 38, 40) inclinées les unes vers les autres.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre extérieur de la couronne de coupe (14) correspond au diamètre extérieur du piston d'alimentation (4).
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'une section (50) du cylindre transporteur (8) raccordée au conteneur alimenteur (6) est réalisée en acier trempé.
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la section (50) s'étend au moins jusqu'à l'endroit où se trouve l'extrémité frontale antérieure (12) du piston d'alimentation (4) lorsque celui-ci est entièrement sorti.
  19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le piston d'alimentation (4) comporte une surface circonférentielle (37) trempée.
  20. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la partie inférieure du conteneur alimenteur (6) présente une section transversale semi-circulaire d'un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre du piston d'alimentation.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le conteneur alimenteur (6) est muni, au moins dans sa partie inférieure, d'un revêtement (54) fixé de manière amovible.
  22. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le piston d'alimentation (4) présente, sur sa surface circonférentielle, dans la région de son extrémité frontale antérieure (12), au moins une rainure annulaire de décharge.
  23. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 22, caractérisé en ce que le piston d'alimentation (4) peut tourner autour de son axe (34) pendant un mouvement d'avancement.
  24. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 23, caractérisé par un dispositif situé dans la région du conteneur alimenteur (6) pour injecter les matières consistantes dans le conteneur alimenteur (6) et/ou pour retenir les matières consistantes dans le conteneur alimenteur (6) pendant une course de compression du piston d'alimentation (4).
  25. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tiroir (10) disposé dans le cylindre transporteur (8), qui libère le cylindre transporteur (8) avant une course de compression du piston d'alimentation (4) et qui ferme le cylindre transporteur (8) avant une course d'aspiration du piston d'alimentation (4).
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que le tiroir (10) comprend une lame de tiroir (94) pouvant être déplacée dans un guidage (116, 118) et s'engageant dans la conduite de refoulement (8), dont au moins le bord (104) opposé au guidage (116, 118) présente une section transversale en forme de clavette dans la direction de refoulement.
  27. Dispositif selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que la forme du bord (104) opposé au guidage (116, 118) est adaptée à la section transversale intérieure du cylindre transporteur (8).
  28. Dispositif selon la revendication 26 ou 27, caractérisé en ce que le guidage (116, 118) comporte au moins un joint d'étanchéité (136, 138) appliqué contre la lame de tiroir (94).
  29. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 25 à 28, caractérisé en ce que, dans la direction de refoulement, le tiroir (10) est disposé à faible distance à l'arrière de l'endroit où se trouve l'extrémité frontale antérieure (12) du piston d'alimentation (4) lorsque celui-ci est entièrement sorti.
  30. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 29, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre transporteur (8) comporte un canal annulaire (178) pouvant être alimenté en eau de refroidissement.
  31. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 30, caractérisé en ce que la bague coupante (18) comporte des alésages de graissage (172) répartis sur la périphérie et ouverts vers l'intérieur, qui débouchent de préférence dans un canal annulaire (170) ouvert radialement vers l'intérieur et qui peuvent être alimentés en huile de graissage, lors du cycle de pompage, par l'intermédiaire d'une installation centrale de graissage.
  32. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 31, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un puits d'amenée (200) débouchant dans le conteneur alimenteur (6), et un organe de bourrage (210), de préférence à commande hydraulique, qui peut être introduit dans le puits d'amenée (200) en direction du conteneur alimenteur (6).
  33. Dispositif selon la revendication 32, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de bourrage (210) peut être déplacé obliquement dans le puits d'amenée (200), de préférence jusqu'au côté entrée du conteneur alimenteur (6).
  34. Dispositif selon la revendication 32 ou 33, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un organe broyeur de ponts (212), de préférence à commande hydraulique, qui peut être introduit dans le puits d'amenée (200) sensiblement perpendiculairement à la trajectoire de déplacement de l'organe de bourrage (210).
  35. Dispositif selon la revendication 34, caractérisé en ce que l'organe broyeur de ponts (212) peut être introduit transversalement ou obliquement dans le puits d'amenée (200), au-dessus de l'organe de bourrage (210), dans la direction du conteneur alimenteur (6).
  36. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 32 à 35, caractérisé en ce que le piston d'alimentation (4), l'organe de bourrage (210), l'organe broyeur de ponts (212) et le tiroir (10) peuvent être commandés de façon cyclique au moyen d'une commande centrale.
EP94902701A 1993-02-02 1993-12-07 Procede permettant d'acheminer des matieres consistantes contenant des dechets metalliques prebroyes ou des solides analogues Expired - Lifetime EP0681672B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302799 1993-02-02
DE4302799 1993-02-02
PCT/EP1993/003438 WO1994018501A1 (fr) 1993-02-02 1993-12-07 Procede permettant d'acheminer des matieres consistantes contenant des dechets metalliques prebroyes ou des solides analogues

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EP0681672A1 EP0681672A1 (fr) 1995-11-15
EP0681672B1 EP0681672B1 (fr) 1997-03-19
EP0681672B2 true EP0681672B2 (fr) 2000-09-20

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US (2) US5988028A (fr)
EP (1) EP0681672B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3462876B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE150536T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2154875A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO1994018501A1 (fr)

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CA2154875A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
ATE150536T1 (de) 1997-04-15
EP0681672A1 (fr) 1995-11-15
WO1994018501A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
DE59305912D1 (de) 1997-04-24
EP0681672B1 (fr) 1997-03-19
US6158313A (en) 2000-12-12
US5988028A (en) 1999-11-23
JPH08507841A (ja) 1996-08-20
DE4341607A1 (de) 1994-08-04
JP3462876B2 (ja) 2003-11-05

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