EP0681672B2 - Process for conveying thick matter containing preshredded scrap metal or similar solids - Google Patents

Abstract

Thick matter and solids are conveyed together and substantially continuously through a conveyor pipeline. The thick matter is forced by a conveyor piston driven by a piston pump from a feed container into a conveyer cylinder. A forward face of the piston has a cutting crown with a cutting edge cooperating with an annular cutting ring to cut off solids projecting beyond an inlet in the conveyer pipeline.

Description

The invention relates to a method for conveying pre-comminuted Metal scrap or the like containing solids Thick matter. The invention further relates to a device for conveying pre-shredded metal scrap or the like Thick materials containing solids.

For burning out in containers, especially in barrels Special waste delivered in sheet metal or plastic in special waste incineration plants So far there have been two main processes applied. In the first process, the barrels are crushed with grippers in a mainly as a rotary kiln trained incinerator introduced and there at high Temperatures burned along with their contents. this leads to but to sudden fluctuations in the combustion temperature, the amount of exhaust gas and the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas, making the capacity of the plant higher than that of a continuous one Special waste supply must be designed. In the second procedure, the filled containers that are due their contamination with the special waste contained therein must also be burned in a shredder pre-crushed. The metal scrap is in a drum sieve and other solids, mostly in the form of a pasty or waste-like special waste present separately, before both fractions continuously Incinerator are fed. Such a procedure requires however, both devices for feeding the thick matter as well as for feeding the solids into the incinerator.

When burning special waste and containers together also falls mainly in small pieces or granular Form present burnout from rusty fused sheet metal or Iron parts, which due to its residual calorific value and to reduce the amount of combustion residues a renewed Combustion should be fed.

U.S. Patent 3,559,823 discloses one method and one 8. The device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and 8. The delivery piston is rigid there with the rod of a double acting Hydraulic cylinder connected.

From U.S. Patent 4,096,797, it is for a mud press known, the output end of a piston interacting press drum through a knife-like slide valve lock during the return stroke of the piston.

Furthermore, it is from CH-A-513 378 in a loading device a waste incineration plant known, one with the Provide combustion chamber connected trough, its furnace side End of a feed opening provided with a cutting edge on its circumference has and in which a push-in slide is arranged, the furnace side with a cutting edge is provided, which is arranged on the circumference of the feed opening Cutting edge interacts.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object Method and a device of the type mentioned develop an essentially continuous promotion of pre-shredded metal scrap or the like solid allow thick matter containing.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method solved according to claim 1. The invention is based on the idea that pre-shredded container waste containing thick materials to promote a piston pump because piston pumps are in the process of delivery of thick matter with different liquid content have proven their worth, and in the course of funding only those Crush container scrap, which in uncrushed Form would hinder the promotion. The increase in feed force and thus the shear force allows larger ones to be sheared off or thicker solids from the feed cylinder into the Survive the feed container.

If stuck between the delivery piston and the inlet opening Don't let solid bodies shear, she sees Invention before that the delivery piston when a specified pressure in the pressure oil circuit is exceeded withdrawn and then advanced again becomes. Due to the suction effect when pulling back the delivery piston solids blocking the piston travel are displaced, so that it completely during the subsequent pressure stroke of the delivery piston in the delivery line or in the feed container or the inlet opening of the feed cylinder with a smaller one Assert the shear cross section. If the Solids do not occur directly with this measure either, this process can be repeated automatically several times before the pump is stopped.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the protruding parts between at least one of the inlet opening of the feed cylinder at least partially surrounding Edge and at least one at the inlet of the delivery piston in the feed cylinder with a small distance at the edge guided past, arranged at the front end of the delivery piston Cutting edge are sheared off. Such an approach makes it possible to shred only the solids, which occurs when the delivery piston enters the delivery cylinder partly in the feed container and partly in the feed cylinder are located. The energy expenditure required for shredding is significantly reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the translatory movement of the delivery piston during its advancing movement a rotary movement superimposed on the delivery piston axis, around the cutting action between the stationary edge and to improve the cutting edge at the front end of the delivery piston. The rotary movement of the delivery piston can, for example hydraulically via a rotary piston of a drive cylinder.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before that a return of the located in the feed cylinder Thick matter during a suction stroke of the delivery piston Closure of a slide arranged in the feed cylinder is prevented that is synchronous with the movement of the delivery piston is always opened when the delivery piston is completely is drawn in and is closed when the delivery piston is fully extended.

With regard to the device, the one on which the invention is based Object achieved by the feature combination of claim 6.

The Cutting means through at least one of the inlet opening of the Conveying cylinder at least partially surrounding edge and at least one when the delivery piston enters the delivery cylinder led by the edge at a short distance, Cutting edge arranged at the front end of the delivery piston is formed. The circumferential cutting edge is zigzag or wavy in the conveying direction and / or in the radial direction be so that on solid protruding from the feed container into the feed cylinder not bluntly cutting but is sheared, making it easier to break up the Solid body is made possible. As an alternative or in addition the edge of the inlet opening is also zigzag or wavy. The edge and the cutting edge preferably consist of Tungsten carbide or hardened steel. While the Edge edge expediently at one end of the conveyor cylinder on the container side arranged cutting ring made of hardened steel or is formed from hard metal, the cutting edge is preferred at a detachably attachable at the front end of the delivery piston Cutting crown between one facing the feed cylinder End face and a peripheral surface of the delivery piston arranged.

The zigzag design of the cutting edge is according to one a further advantageous embodiment of the invention achieved that it is arranged by cutting bodies protruding forward over the cutting crown are formed which is conveniently in one piece with the cutting crown are trained.

To insert the one not guided in the area of the feed container Delivery piston in the inlet opening of the delivery cylinder to facilitate, has at the front end of the delivery piston arranged cutting crown, the outer diameter of which Corresponds to the outer diameter of the delivery piston, expediently in Area of the cutting edge on a conical chamfer.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention has the delivery piston in the region of its front end at least one annular groove on its peripheral surface, through which the seal of several tenths of a millimeter measures Annular gap between the delivery piston and the delivery cylinder is improved. The ring groove usually replaces this place arranged elastic seals, which by the metal parts are slightly damaged and therefore unusable would.

However, since the ring groove or the ring grooves during the pressure stroke the entry of smaller metal parts into the annular gap between Delivery pistons and delivery cylinders cannot prevent expediently an inner wall surface of a to the feed container subsequent section of the feed cylinder and one opposite the inner wall surface when the delivery piston is extended outer circumferential surface of the delivery piston hardened. One when hardening the feed cylinder section and the feed piston occurring hardness delay can be compensated that the section of the delivery cylinder and the delivery piston the production are so convex that the distortion at Hardening leads to falling on exact cylinder surfaces.

In contrast to known piston pumps, in which the feed container in its lower part always deeper and wider than the delivery piston cross-section was designed to wear of elastic arranged at the front end of the delivery piston To prevent seals, the lower part of the Feed container according to a further preferred embodiment the invention one essentially the cross section of a preferably corresponding semicircular feed piston segment Cross section on. This measure can avoid that metal parts in the lower half of the delivery piston cross-section protrude from the delivery line into the feed container so that in the area of the lower half of the delivery piston and the lower Half of the inlet opening can be dispensed with cutting means could. As an alternative, symmetrical designs can also be used Cutting tool turned 180 degrees after one-sided wear be reinstalled. To rub the peripheral surface of the Delivery piston in the lower part of the feed container despite one slight deflection in the area of the feed container not guided delivery piston and one opposite the surface of the hydraulic cylinder rougher surface of the floor To prevent the feed container from being cut, is the cross section of the lower one Part of the feed container preferably by a few tenths Millimeters larger than the delivery piston diameter. The floor the feed container can be used as a releasably attachable lining be made of wear plate.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is a so-called bridge breaker in the area of the feed container arranged of the thick matter in the feed container presses, thus ensuring that material bridges in the feed container be destroyed and that the thick matter during the feed of the delivery piston not upwards through a filling funnel of the feed container can escape, but through the inlet opening are pressed into the feed cylinder.

To prevent the pressure stroke of the delivery piston in thick matter pressed during the suction stroke of the delivery piston be conveyed back into the feed container, is a arranged in the feed cylinder, before a pressure stroke of the delivery plunger releasing the delivery cylinder and in front of one Suction stroke of the delivery piston closing the delivery cylinder Slider provided, which is synchronized with the delivery piston and is located immediately behind the point at which when the delivery piston is fully extended, its front one Forehead.

To ensure that those conveyed together with the thick matter Solid body does not cause the slide to jam can lead, the slide according to the invention in one Slidable guide that engages in the feed cylinder Slider blade on which at least the one opposite the guide Edge in the feed direction a wedge-shaped Has cross section. The wedge shape of the edge ensures that material when the slider is pulled back from the feed cylinder easily penetrates the guide again is pushed out and not in the narrow gap between the guide and the slide blade and thus become one Jamming of the slide blade leads.

The edge of the slide blade opposite the guide is expediently in their contour the inner cross section of the feed cylinder adjusted and is in the closed slide against one fitted opposite the guide in the feed cylinder Stop with semicircular, the inner cross section of the Delivery cylinder corresponding stop surface.

When the slide is closed, it may be in the slide path the solid from the slide blade against the stop surface of the stop pressed. The slider can then not fully closed, however, prevent the jammed Solid also a backflow of the thick matter from the feed cylinder into the feed container.

To improve the filling level in the feed container, according to proposed a preferred embodiment of the invention, that a feed chute opening into the feed container and a that can be inserted into the feed shaft in the direction of the feed container, preferably hydraulically actuated stop organ is provided is. The stop organ is expediently inclined into the feed shaft preferably slidable into the feed container. To avoid bridging in the feed shaft is advantageously a substantially transverse to the displacement the stop organ into the feed shaft, preferably hydraulically operated bridge breaking element provided, the appropriate above or across the stop organ in In the direction of the feed container can be inserted into the feed shaft. To make installation easier, the feed shaft has two at an angle Flanges arranged in the shaft casing for fastening a stuffing cylinder and a bridge breaker cylinder. During operation The conveyor device must ensure that the preferred designed as a plunger delivery piston, the Stop organ, the bridge-breaking device and the slide over one Central control can be controlled cyclically in a suitable manner.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

einen Längsschnitt durch die Vorrichtung entlang der Linie A - A der Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts X aus Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine Vorderansicht des vorderen Stirnendes des Förderkolbens;

Fig. 6

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts Y aus Fig. 3 beim Eintritt des Förderkolbens in den Förderzylinder;

Fig. 7

eine vereinfachte schematische Darstelllung des hydraulischen Antriebs der Kolbenpumpe;

Fig. 8

eine Vorderseitenansicht des in den Fig. 1 und 2 in eingebautem Zustand dargestellten Schiebers;

Fig. 9

einen Querschnitt durch den Schieber entlang der Linie C-C der Figur 8;

Fig. 10

die Fördervorrichtung in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 1 mit Zuführschacht, Stopfzylinder und Brückenbrecher;

Fig. 11

eine Stirnseitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 10;

Fig. 12

eine Draufsicht auf den Zuführschacht nach Fig. 10 und 11.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. Show it

Fig. 1

a side view of a device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a plan view of the device of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

a longitudinal section through the device along the line A - A of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

an enlarged view of section X of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a front view of the front end of the delivery piston;

Fig. 6

an enlarged view of section Y of Figure 3 when the feed piston enters the feed cylinder;

Fig. 7

a simplified schematic representation of the hydraulic drive of the piston pump;

Fig. 8

a front view of the slide shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the installed state.

Fig. 9

a cross section through the slide along the line CC of Figure 8;

Fig. 10

the conveyor in a representation corresponding to Figure 1 with feed shaft, stuffing cylinder and bridge breaker.

Fig. 11

an end view of the device of FIG. 10;

Fig. 12

a plan view of the feed shaft of FIGS. 10 and 11th

The device shown in the drawing is to be used to be in a hazardous waste incinerator in barrels delivered liquid, pasty and pasty special waste in essentially continuously a rotary kiln for combustion feed. In addition, the device is made of rusty, fused sheet metal parts or other unburned Part of the iron scrap from the rotary kiln this can be fed again after the combustion reduce the amount of residual waste and the amount that still exists Use the calorific value of this part of the burn-up. While the barrels with the special waste in a not shown Shredders are shredded by magnetic separation fused sheet metal parts separated from the erosion with a liquid or pasty carrier material, preferably also liquid or pasty special waste before the resulting solid-thick mixture fed into the rotary kiln with the device according to the invention becomes.

The device shown consists essentially of a hydraulically driven single-piston pump 2, from the delivery piston 4 the solid / thick mixture from a feed container 6 via a feed cylinder 8 into a rotary kiln (not shown) leading delivery line is pressed. On arranged behind the feed cylinder 8, in accordance slide 10 clocked with the movement of the delivery piston closes each time before the delivery piston 4 is retracted Conveying line and thus prevents the mixture from being withdrawn of the delivery piston 4 back into the feed container 6 is promoted.

To prevent that from the feed cylinder 8 in the feed container 6 protruding sheet metal parts or other metallic Solid to jam the delivery piston 4 in the delivery cylinder 8 lead, the delivery piston 4 at the front end 12 Cutting crown 14 made of hardened steel, which when entering the feed cylinder 8 for shearing off the protruding sheet metal parts or other solid with one also made of hardened Steel existing cutting ring 18 cooperates. The cutting ring delimits an inlet opening 16 through which the solid body -Dickstoff mixture from the feed container 6 in the feed cylinder 8 is pressed.

The cutting ring 18 has several, distributed over the circumference, ends in a radially inwardly open annular groove 170 Lubrication holes 172. The lubrication holes are over a central lubrication system in the pump cycle at the moment of Immersing the delivery piston 4 in the cutting ring 18 with Lubricating oil applied. With these precautions follows a considerable reduction in wear for the feed cylinder 8 and the downstream delivery line (Fig. 6).

As can be seen from Fig. 3, the feed cylinder 8 has one Ring channel 178 on the 180 connections in the direction of Arrows 182 can be acted upon with cooling water. The water cooling is required when the medium to be pumped is infused with steam is.

To shear the sheet metal parts, the cutting ring 18 has on it an end opening 20 facing the feed container 6 16 surrounding edge 22 on which at Entry of the delivery piston 4 in the delivery cylinder 8 a Cutting edge 24 of the cutting crown 14 is passed at a small distance becomes. While the edge 22 of the cutting ring 18th is circular, the cutting edge 24 runs zigzag a cylindrical peripheral surface 26 of the cutting crown 14 forward-facing conical chamfer surface 28 um, the Chamfer surface 28 the insertion of the in the area of the feed container 6 not guided delivery piston 4 into the inlet opening 16 should facilitate. The zigzag-shaped cutting edge 24 limits thereby over a central circular end face 30 of the Cutting crown 14 protruding forward, in one piece with the Cutting crown 14 formed cutting body 32, the end face 30 surrounded by a ring. The cutting bodies 32 have in tangential direction a triangular cross-section on and are each towards the front by roof-shaped towards each other and limited to the piston axis 34 inclined guide surfaces 36, 38, 40, which cause that when the feed piston 4 enters the inlet opening 16 from the feed cylinder 8 into the feed container 6 protruding sheet metal parts in tangential and radial Direction in relation to the guide surfaces 36, 38, 40 shifted which will make their shearing easier.

The cutting crown 14 is provided with axial fastening screws 59 releasably on a front, the delivery cylinder 8 facing End face 41 of the delivery piston 4 attached. The threaded holes for the mounting screws 59 are regular Angular distances arranged so that the cutting crown 14 at one one-sided wear of the cutting edge 24 removed and after rotation through a corresponding angle around the piston axis 34 can be reattached.

At a short distance behind the cutting crown 14, the delivery piston has 4 on its circumferential surface 37 two or more in a row arranged annular grooves 39 on. The ring grooves 39 have a rectangular cross section, the ratio between their depth and width is approximately 1: 2. The Distance between the two ring grooves 39 corresponds essentially their width. The ring grooves 39 act as relief grooves and cause the pressure drop in the gap 41 between the peripheral surface 37 of the delivery piston 4 and the inner surface of the delivery cylinder 8 compared to a delivery piston without annular grooves enlarged and thus the backflow of thick matter through the gap 41 during the feed movement of the delivery piston 4 is difficult. The annular grooves 39 replace those in piston pumps usually arranged at this point elastic Seals that none in the piston pump according to the invention Find use because they are quick thanks to the sharp sheet metal parts would be damaged or destroyed.

The peripheral surface 37 of the delivery piston 4 is hardened to prevent small metal particles entering the gap 41 which lead to damage to the peripheral surface 37.

The feed container 6 points in the conveying direction of the delivery piston 4 two mutually opposite parallel walls 40, 42, each with a circular passage opening 44, 46 are provided for the delivery piston 4. In the passage opening 44 in the limit the feed container 6 to the feed cylinder 8 out Wall 40 is the annular cutting ring 18 against an annular flange 48 at the container end of a first Section 50 of the feed cylinder 8 is inserted in such a way that that in the case of one-sided wear, a corresponding one Dimension can be rotated. At the passage opening 46 in the opposite wall 42 of the feed container 6 closes a guide cylinder 52 of the single-piston pump 2, in which the Delivery piston 4 is guided. To the sides and down the feed container 6 by an inside with wear plates 54 lined tub 56 limited, the lower part of one has semicircular cross section. The diameter of the semicircular part of the tub cross section is only around a few tenths of a mm larger than the diameter of the delivery piston 4, so that it is ensured that on the one hand the delivery piston 4th does not rub against the tub 56, but on the other hand during the feed the delivery piston 4 also no sheet metal parts or others Solids in the gap between delivery piston 4 and tray 56 reach. Through this measure, when the Cutting crown 14 in the delivery line 8 only in the upper part of the Trough 56 sheet metal parts from the feed container 6 into the delivery line 8 survive, so that on the one hand to shear off the sheet metal parts required feed force of the delivery piston 4 is reduced, and on the other hand in the lower half of the cutting ring 18 and the cutting crown 14 no wear of the edge 22 or Cutting edge 24 occurs. After wear of the edge 22 or the cutting edge 24 in the upper part of the cutting ring 18 or the cutting crown 14 can thus be increased by 180 Rotated degrees around the piston axis 34 and thus their life be doubled.

At its upper edge 58, the feed container 6 with a horizontal screw flange 60 provided on the hopper or feed shaft 200 can be placed. The feed shaft is with two diagonally aligned jacket flanges 202,204 provided with a hydraulic tamping cylinder 206 and a hydraulic bridge breaker cylinder 208 are. The tamper cylinder 206 has a stop organ Piston rod 210, which is inclined towards the feed container 6 is displaceable into the feed shaft 200. The Bridge breaker cylinder 208 has one transverse to the direction of displacement of the stop organ 210 slidable, designed as a bridge breaker Piston rod 212, which the feed shaft 200 at Moving across. At its top is the feed chute 200 provided with a horizontal screw flange 214, to which a feed channel, not shown, can be flanged is. As long as the delivery piston designed as a plunger cylinder 4 is moved to its rear end position, the solid-thick mixture via the feed shaft 200 into the feed container 6 arrive. As soon as the delivery piston 4 in the delivery direction is moved, the stop organ 210 is also carried of the mixture in front of it in the direction of the feed container 6 postponed, so that a compression and thus a good Fill level results. As soon as the delivery piston 4 in the delivery cylinder 8 immersed, the stop organ 210 is returned to its end position moved so that new material is conveyed from above can be. If then the delivery piston 4 under Moving the material opening in the feed container back again the bridge breaker 212 is actuated to possibly to cut material bridges occurring in the feed shaft 200. The control of the delivery piston 4, the slide 10, of the stuffing cylinder 206 and the bridge breaker cylinder 208 via a central control according to a defined cycle (Figs. 10 to 12).

The next to the feed container 6, up to the slide 10 extending first section 50 of the feed cylinder 8 has a cylindrical tube wall made of hardened steel 43 to damage the inner wall surface by in the gap 41 between the latter and the delivery piston 4 to prevent penetrating metal particles. One in hardening the cylindrical tube wall 43 occurring hardness distortion can thereby be compensated that the tube wall 43 convex before hardening is rotated so that the hardness delay leads to the emergence of a leads to exactly cylindrical inner wall surface.

The guide cylinder adjoining the wall 42 of the feed container 52 has on its inner peripheral surface 49 in the area a scraper 51 in the passage opening in the wall 42 and immediately behind the stripper 51 a plurality of in Sealing rings 53 arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction and guide bands 55. During the stripper 51 and the Sealing rings 53 the entry of thick matter between the Prevent delivery piston 4 and the guide cylinder 52, serve the guide belts 55 for guiding the delivery piston 4 in the guide cylinder 52. The gap between the guide cylinder 52 and the delivery piston 4 is in via the lubrication holes 174 in Direction of arrows 176 via a central lubrication system Lubricating oil applied.

The delivery piston 4 is, as shown in simplified form in FIG. 7, designed as a plunger cylinder 57 opposite a piston 58 a piston rod arranged stationary in the guide cylinder 52 60 is displaceable. The piston rod 61 has two Pressure oil channels 66, 68, each alternatively with one a drive pump 80 leading pressure oil supply line 62, 64th or with a return flow line leading to a return flow tank 76 ' 78, 79 are connectable, and of which the one into one on the delivery side between the piston 59 and the plunger cylinder 57 arranged pressure space 70 and the other in a rod side arranged between the piston 59 and the plunger cylinder 57 Pressure room 72 opens. The effective piston area in the delivery side Pressure chamber 70 is twice as large as the effective piston area in the rod-side pressure chamber 72, since the cross section of the Piston rod 61 is half as large as the cross section of the delivery side Pressure space 70. The two pressure spaces 70, 72 are by a lockable connecting line (not shown) connected with each other when acting together of the two pressure chambers 70, 72 with pressure oil (differential control) is open so that pressure equalization is established and pressure oil from the rod-side pressure chamber 72 to the delivery side Pressure chamber 70 can be promoted.

The pressure in the pressure oil channel 68 is from two pressure transducers 76, 77 monitors each time a predetermined value is exceeded Pressure during the feed movement of the plunger 57 a Apply control signal 82 to control unit 82.

During normal operation of the device, both pressure spaces 70, 72 Activated in differential control when the compensation line is open and over the pressure oil supply lines 62, 64 and with this connected pressure oil channels 66, 68 pressurized. Since only the bar area is available as the effective area stands, the plunger cylinder 57 is with a relative low feed force, but with a relative high feed rate. However, if one Sheet metal strips with greater material thickness when the Delivery piston 4 into the delivery line 8 from this into the feed container 6 survives, which is not easily between the edge 22 and the cutting edge 24 are sheared off can, so builds up in the pressure rooms 70, 72 and in the pressure oil channels 66, 68 a pressure on which is exceeded when the predetermined Value on the first pressure sensor 76 leads to the fact that the control unit 82 connects the pressure oil channel 66 to the Pressure oil supply line 62 closes and the pressure chamber 72 with the Return line 78 connects so that only the delivery side Pressure chamber 70 is pressurized with oil, while the rod side Pressure chamber 72 is depressurized. This will with the same delivery rate of the drive pump 80, the feed force and thus the shear force between the cutting edge 24 and the edge 22 while halving the feed rate doubled.

Even doubling the feed force does not lead to shearing off between the cutting edge 24 and the edge 22 pinched sheet metal strip, the pressure in the increases Pressurized oil circuit continues until it reaches the specified value on the second Pressure sensor 77 exceeds and the control unit 82 of this is fed a signal. The control unit 82 connects thereupon the pressure oil channel 68 with the return flow line 79 and the pressure oil channel 66 with the pressure oil supply line 62, so that now only the rod-side pressure chamber 72 is pressurized and the plunger cylinder 57 is withdrawn. When pulling back of the delivery piston 4 causes suction in the feed container 6 that the thick matter collapse, mostly also the metal strip blocking the feed movement of the delivery piston 4 is shifted. The plunger cylinder 57 is after Reached its end position again, pulling back and the advancement can be repeated several times before the piston pump for manual removal of the metal strip is stopped.

The slider 10 arranged in the delivery line 8 consists of essentially from a in a slide flange 92 in a vertical Directionally guided slide blade 94, which with the slide 10 open, the delivery line 8 completely releases and completely closes them when the slide 10 is closed. The spade-shaped slide blade 94 is by means of two Hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 slidable, each with their Piston rod 100 on slide blade 94 and with its cylinder 102 on the slide flange 92 installed in the delivery line 8 attack.

The part of the slide blade engaging in the delivery line 8 94 is down through a to the inner cross section of the delivery line 8 adapted semi-circular edge 104 bounded the with closed slide 10 with a semi-cylindrical Stop surface 106 on a likewise semi-cylindrical stop surface 108 one between two parallel flange plates 110, 112 of the slide flange 92 inserted stop plate 114 is present. The slide blade 94 is above the conveyor line 8 in a guide shaft arranged between the flange plates 110, 112 116 with a guide slot which is rectangular in cross section 118 led, its opposite Broad side surfaces 122 and broad side surfaces 124 of the slide blade 94, each leaving a narrow gap 120 opposite.

The edge 104 of the slide blade 94 has one in the conveying direction cross section tapering towards the stop surface 106 on, which ensures that metal particles that Pulling the slide blade 94 out of the delivery line 8 in the narrow gap 120 between the slide blade 94 and the Guide shaft 116 arrive at the subsequent insertion of the slide blade 94 in the delivery line 8 from this to Delivery line 8 are pushed out of the gap 120 again and not between the slide blade 94 and the guide shaft Set 116.

The guide shaft 116 is formed in two parts, whereby the lower part 126 against one of the flange plates 110, 112 for Supported inside the conveyor line 8 towards limiting ring 128 and wherein the upper part 130 through in tapped holes of the Flange plates 110, 112 engaging adjusting screws 132 against one resting on top of the lower part 126 Gasket set 134 is pulled. The seal set 134 from around the slide blade 94 circumferential elastic seals 136, 138 is pressed together, the seals 136,138 against each other create the slide blade 94.

The two sections of the delivery line 8 in front of and behind the Sliders 10 are each in threaded holes in the flange plates 110, 112 engaging fastening screws 140 on the Flange plates 110, 112 held in place by connecting screws 142 are interconnected.

The slide blade 94 is also formed in two parts, wherein the lower, in the guide slot 118 of the guide shaft 116 engaging part by holding screws 144 to the upper one Part is connected, which is transverse to the conveying direction on the Flange plates 110, 112 protrude and downward-pointing cylindrical Recordings 146, in which cylindrical, each on the front side via the piston rods 100 of the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 protruding pins 148 fastened with retaining bolts 150 are.

On the cylinder side, the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 are on pivot pins 152 pivotally mounted in the side over the Flange plates 110, 112 protruding brackets 154 used are.

A closed sheet metal housing is on the flange plates 110, 112 156 placed in which the slide blade 94 against protected against external influences when pulled up. In the wall 158 of the sheet metal housing 156 are two proximity switches 160, 162 used, each in the upper and lower end position of the slide blade 94 when approaching one projecting beyond the slide blade 94 in the conveying direction Address flange 164.

The signal supplied by the limit switches to the control unit 82 serves to reach the upper or lower end position of the slide blade 94, the pressure oil supply to the hydraulic cylinders 96, 98 close and then the feed movement or initiate the retraction of the delivery piston 4, which is synchronized with the slider 10.

The slide 10 is in the conveying direction immediately behind the Place in the delivery line 8, at which is complete extended delivery piston 4 whose front end 12 is located. This ensures that when withdrawing of the delivery piston 4 on the container side of the slide 10 no thick matter more in the feed cylinder 8, which is back to Feed container 6 is sucked.

Claims (36)

1. A method for conveying thick matter containing shredded scrap metal or similar solids, in which the thick matter is pressed by a plunger-like conveyor piston (4) from a feed container (6) into a conveyor cylinder (8), wherein the bottom of the feed container closely fits under the conveyor piston (4) and is limited or closed on its inlet side during each conveying stroke, and wherein solids projecting over the inlet opening (16) of the conveyor cylinder (8) on the side of the container are sheared off by the conveyor piston (4) entering with at least its forward end into the conveyor cylinder (8), characterized in that the feeding force of the conveyor piston (4) is increased upon exceeding a specified pressure monitored by means of a first pressure sensor in a medium which drives the conveyor piston (4), and in case of further pressure increase the conveyor piston (4) is retracted upon exceeding a specified pressure monitored by means of a second pressure sensor in a medium driving the conveyor piston (4) and is subsequently moved forward again.
2. The method of claim 1, characterised in that the solids are sheared off by at least one rim edge surrounding the inlet opening (16) and at least one cutting edge (24) which is positioned on the forward end of the conveyor piston (4) and which is moved at a small distance past the rim edge during the entry of the conveyor piston (4) into the conveyor cylinder (8).
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a rotary movement is superposed over the translational movement of the conveyor piston (4).
4. The method of one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a slide member (10) positioned in the conveyor cylinder (8) is closed prior to a suction stroke of the conveyor piston (4).
5. The method of claim 4, characterised in that during the closing of the slide member (10) solids located in the path of movement of a slide plate (94) engaging into the conveyor cylinder (8) are jammed between the slide plate and a wall of the conveyor cylinder.
6. A device for conveying thick matter, in particular for conveying thick matter containing shredded scrap metal or similar solids, comprising a piston pump (2) which has a plunger-like conveyor piston (4), with which the thick matter is pressed from a feed container (6) into a conveyor cylinder (8), wherein the conveyor piston (4) has cutting means (14, 24) at its forward end (12) which enters the conveyor cylinder (8), which cutting means (14, 24) act together with culling means (18, 22) in the region of an inlet opening (16) of the conveyor cylinder (8) at the container side, and wherein a lower part of the feed container (6) has a cross section corresponding essentially to the cross section of one conveyor piston segment, characterised in that the conveyor piston (4) is designed to be a plunger cylinder (57), and that the plunger cylinder (57) is hydraulically movable relative to a piston (58) of a stationary piston rod (60) which engages into the plunger cylinder (57), wherein during a pressure stroke a pressure chamber (70) positioned on the conveying side between the piston (58) and the plunger cylinder (57) can be loaded with pressure oil together with a pressure chamber (72) positioned on the rod side between the piston (58) and the plunger cylinder (57), and upon exceeding a specified pressure in the pressure chambers (70, 72) the pressure chamber (70) on the rod side can be switched without pressure by closing a connection between the pressure chambers (70, 72), wherein the cutting means (18, 22) are formed by at least one rim edge (22) which at least partially surrounds the inlet opening (16) of the conveyor cylinder (8) and by at least one cutting edge (24) which is positioned at the forward end (12) of the conveyor piston (4) and which is moved at a small distance past the rim edge (22) during the entry of the conveyor piston (4) into the conveyor cylinder (8), wherein the cutting edge (24) and/or the rim edge (22) is formed to have a zigzag or wave shape.
7. The device of claim 6, characterised in that the rim edge (22) and the cutting edge (24) are made of hard metal or of hardened steel.
8. The device of claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the rim edge (22) is formed on a cutting ring (18) which is made of a hardened steel or of a hard metal and which is positioned at the container side of the conveyor cylinder (8).
9. The device of one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the cutting edge (24) is positioned on a cutting crown (14) which is removably connectable to the front forward end (12) of the conveyor piston (4).
10. The device of one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the cutting edge (24) is positioned between at least one front face (30) which faces the conveyor cylinder (8) and at least one peripheral surface (26) of the conveyor piston (4).
11. The device of one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the cutting edge (24) forwardly delimits a conical bevel (28) at the front end of the cutting crown (14).
12. The device of claim 11, characterised in that the cutting edge (24) is formed by cutting members (32) which project forwardly over a cutting crown body (15).
13. The device of claim 12, characterised in that the cutting members (32) are formed to be one piece with the cutting crown body (15).
14. The device of claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the cutting members (32) are positioned in a ring-like fashion next to one another and that they have a triangular cross section in a tangential direction.
15. The device of one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the cutting members (32) are delimited by guide surfaces which are inclined toward one another.
16. The device of one of claims 9 to 15, characterised in that the outer diameter of the cutting crown (14) corresponds to the outer diameter of the conveyor piston (4)
17. The device of one of claims 6 to 16, characterised in that a section (50) of the conveyor cylinder (8) is made of a hardened steel, said section following the feed container (6).
18. The device of claim 17, characterised in that the section (50) extends at least to the point at which the forward end (12) of the conveyor piston (4) is located when the conveyor piston (4) is fully displaced.
19. The device of one of claims 6 to 18, characterised in that the conveyor piston (4) has a hardened peripheral surface (37).
20. The device of one of claims 6 to 19, characterised in that the lower part of the feed container (6) has a semicircular cross section having a diameter which is slightly larger than the diameter of the conveyor piston.
21. The device of one of claims 6 to 20, characterised in that the feed container (6) has at least in its lower part a removably fastened lining (54).
22. The device of one of claims 6 to 21, characterised in that the conveyor piston (4) has at least one annular relief groove in its peripheral surface in the region of its forward end (12).
23. The device of one of claims 6 to 22, characterised in that the conveyor piston (4) can be rotated about its piston axis (34) during a forward movement.
24. The device of one of claims 6 to 23, characterised by a device positioned in the region of the feed container (6) for pressing the thick matter into the feed container (6) and/or for holding the thick matter in the feed container (6) during a pressure stroke of the conveyor piston (4).
25. The device of one of claims 6 to 24, characterised by a slide member (10) which is positioned in the conveyor cylinder (8), which exposes the conveyor cylinder (8) prior to a pressure stroke of the conveyor piston (4), and which closes off the conveyor cylinder (8) prior to a suction stroke of the conveyor piston (4)
26. The device of claim 25, characterised in that the slide member (10) has a slide plate (94) which is movable in a guideway (116, 118) and which engages in the conveyor cylinder (8), wherein at least the edge (104) of the slide member opposing the guideway (116, 118) in the direction of conveying has a wedge- shaped cross section.
27. The device of claim 26, characterised in that the shape of the edge (104) opposing the guideway (116, 118) is matched to the inside cross section of the conveyor cylinder (8).
28. The device of claim 26 or 27, characterised in that the guideway (116, 118) has at least one seal (136, 138) resting against the slide plate (94).
29. The device of one of claims 25 to 28, characterised in that the slide member (10) is positioned at a small distance behind the point at which the forward end (12) of the conveyor piston (4) is located when the conveyor piston (4) is fully extended.
30. The device of one of claims 6 to 29, characterised in that the conveyor cylinder (8) has annular channel (178) which can be loaded with cooling water.
31. The device of one of claims 8 to 30, characterised in that the cutting ring (18) has lubricating bores (172) which are distributed about the circumference, which are open toward the inside, which preferably end in a radially inwardly open annular channel (170), and which can be loaded with lubricating oil by a central lubricating system in the cycle of pumping.
32. The device of one of claims 6 to 31, characterised by a feed chute (200) ending in the feed container (6) and a preferably hydraulically operable tamper member (210) which can be introduced into the feed chute (200) in the direction of the feed container (6).
33. The device of claim 32, characterised in that the tamper member (210) can be moved into the feed chute (200) at an angle, preferably up to the entry side of the feed container (6).
34. The device of claim 32 or 33, characterised by a preferably hydraulically operable bridge breaker member (212) which can be introduced into the feed chute (200) essentially transversely with respect to the path of movement of the tamper member (210).
35. The device of claim 34, characterised in that the bridge breaker member (212) can be introduced into the feed chute (200) above from the tamper member (210) transversely or inclined in the direction of the feed container (6).
36. The device of one of claims 32 to 35, characterised in that the conveyor piston (4), the tamper member (210), the bridge breaker member (212), and the slide member (10) can be controlled cyclically by means of a central control.

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