DE102012103959B4 - Pressing device for solids - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a press device (1) for solids, comprising a press trough (2), a press funnel (6), a press plate (4) and a press opening (11), wherein the press plate (4) is movable in the manner in the press trough (3). 2) is arranged, that the press plate (4) the press trough (2) in the direction of the press opening (11) and in the press opening (11), at the side facing away from the press hopper (6) side a container (3) with the pressing device ( 1) is connectable, can shrink. The invention further relates to methods for operating a pressing device. The object of the invention is to provide a cost-effective dockable pressing device for a container and a method for their operation, wherein the risk of disturbances of the pressing process can be avoided. The object is achieved in that the pressure plate (4) and / or the press opening (11) has an edge formed as a shearing edge (13, 14), and further with the steps filling the press funnel (6), compressing in front of the press opening (11 ), Cutting through excess solids, retraction of the pressure plate (4) in the press opening (11) with further compression of the solids.

Description

The present invention relates to a pressing apparatus for solids and a method for operating the pressing apparatus.

Pressing devices for solids are used in particular for the compression of garbage, which is characterized by little definable, changing properties and compositions, which places special demands on the technical design of the pressing device. So far, the garbage from municipal collection vehicles and other waste are brought to regional collection points and filled there in open or closed containers or pressed.

Such pressing devices are known, for example from the DE 30 47 673 A1 , of the DE 25 20 573 A1 , of the EP 1 568 481 A1 and from the DE 24 43 085 A1 ,

Different filling variants are used. A frequently used filling variant is the pressing of the refuse into a container through an opening in its end face. In previously used systems, a flap, a door or a lid on a front side is removed, which then the entire cross section of the container to be filled is released before coupling to the trash compactor. After the release of the opening of the container is coupled and filled.

In order to prevent the material or garbage placed in the container from obstructing or obstructing the closing of the container, it is necessary to push the material far into the container. This prevents falling material from slipping into the joint between the container and the flap, door or lid and preventing successful closure. As a result, there is a volume difference between the possible filling and the container

A solution for this provides the document DE 24 43 085 A1 , In this case, teeth are attached to the press plate and to the back of the special container for improved compression, and there are barbs on the walls to prevent unwanted slipping back of the refuse. This shows the problem that the compaction is inadequate for inherent stability of Müllkomprimats and after the return of the press plate still garbage from the opening of the container can fall. In addition, the barbs complicate the emptying of the container, which is also consuming and expensive to manufacture.

The DE 192 43 89 A describes a garbage compactor with teeth to tear the garbage in the filling space, which, however, the problems listed above ultimately can not be solved.

A remedy, however, creates a solution used in practice, in which the press ram acts only on a part of the container cross-section, so that the area surrounding this part of the container flap remains closed and no garbage can fall out.

It is particularly advantageous according to the prior art, a part of the container flap, the container lid, coupled before pressing on the press ram and used as a press plate during pressing. Therefore, in these presses, a loss of volume in the container no longer occurs because the press plate remains after the last press stroke as a lid in front of the compressed waste. The container lid must therefore only be moved to the flap, can be locked there immediately and remain in this position.

In this case, in the systems known in practice, an extended gap or clearance between the press ram and the upper edge of the press outlet or the upper container inner wall is provided to prevent jammed in the gap garbage jamming in this area. Particularly preferably, this gap is temporarily realized by a lifting mechanism and a movable auxiliary slide in the container flap, so that the gap can be changed as needed.

However, despite the gap, it happens that so much garbage from the press trough before or in the gap between press shield and container opening, that a secure press function is no longer guaranteed and jammed the press plate. In addition, the lifting mechanism is expensive to manufacture and expensive.

The object of the present invention is therefore to offer a cost-effective dockable pressing device for a container and a method for its operation, wherein the risk of disturbances of the pressing process is avoided.

The object is achieved by a pressing device comprising a press trough, a press hopper, a pressure plate and a press opening. In this case, the press plate is movably arranged in the manner in the press trough that the press plate at least partially pass through the press trough in the direction of the press opening and at least partially in the press opening, at the side facing away from the press funnel a container with the pressing device can connect can run. In this case, at least either the press plate or the Press opening at least one edge formed as a shearing edge, wherein the pressure plate also serves as a container lid.

As a result, supernatant solid, which can lead to interference when it gets into the gap between the press opening and press shield, sheared off before it gets into the gap.

In order to prevent such interference or jamming at the press outlet or in the press opening, a shearing edge should preferably be attached to the press outlet in order to cut through excess solid, in particular waste. As a result, the known from the prior art free space, an enlarged or vergößerbarer gap, as well as the lifting mechanism used in the prior art for enlarging the gap omitted.

Preferably, the pressure plate is connectable to a plunger. As a result, the pressure plate is moved when the plunger performs the plunger movement, and can act with appropriate force on the solid to compress it. The compression of the solid is preferably carried out in the press trough, also after the entry of the solid into the press opening and into the container connected to it, preferably a container. For this purpose, the press plate moves at least partially into the press opening.

Particularly preferably, the press plate has an insert. So that the pressure plate, in particular a entrained container lid, which then preferably serves as a pressure plate, is not damaged on the upper edge or any other edge used as a shearing edge, massive protection is required. This protection is realized by a cutting plate required strength, which simultaneously forms a counter knife to the upper edge of the press exit or the press opening or carries or supports this.

It has proved to be advantageous if at least one of the edges arranged opposite the ground is designed as a shearing edge. The relevant advantages are due to the fact that this edge is in the preferred embodiment, the upper edge at which the material to be compressed preferably tries to escape from the cross section of the pressure plate, because on all other, closed sides, avoiding is not possible. Therefore, it is particularly important to separate supernatant material in this area.

Particular advantages accrue from the fact that the at least one shearing edge of the pressure plate and / or press opening and / or the cutting plate has at least one shearing knife with a cutting edge, the cutting edge of which runs essentially perpendicular to the pressing piston movement. In the particularly preferred embodiment, the plunger movement is parallel to the ground plane. Other orientations with respect to the ground plane, for example perpendicular to it, are provided in alternative embodiments. By using a shearing knife, improved cutting effects are achieved and better cutting results achieved with lower cutting forces. In addition, the cutting edge geometry as well as the material selection for the cutting edge can be adapted to the material that is likely to be cut, the solids to be compressed.

The shearing blade proceeds with the movement of the plunger preferably over the entire width of the cutting edge equally and gets in contact with the solid to be compressed. To prevent the entire cutting edge from being stressed at the same time, the counter-cutting edge on the press exit is not aligned parallel to the cutting edge on the press plate. Furthermore, it is provided to execute the counter-blade with two oblique edges. Alternatively, the counter-blade is arcuate or otherwise not straight and / or not perpendicular to the axis of movement executed.

The counter-cutting edge has, in particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, a concave or convex shape.

In this way, a simultaneous clash of the effects of the cutting is avoided by the separation effect is not on a line, but only in one point. This significantly reduces the cutting forces. As a result, the entire pressing device must absorb less forces and is correspondingly less expensive to produce. In addition, less energy is needed for operation.

The shape and type of the counter-blade, ie the cutting edge on the press opening, can also be transferred to the cutting edge on the pressing piston. Both cutting edges may have the same shape and texture or, alternatively, only one of them, the other one being straight or oblique with respect to the perpendicular to the plunger movement.

Preferably, at least one of the shearing blades has a cutting edge which, with respect to a course perpendicular to the pressing piston movement, is designed to be one, two or more sides inclined, arcuate, concave or convex. Other shapes are provided, including several different ones on a shearing knife, for example in the form of several bevels, which in the gone a bit. The shape and type of the cutting edge on the press opening can also be transferred to the cutting edge on the press plate. Both cutting edges may have the same shape and texture or only one of them.

What is important in the combination of the shapes of the cutting edges is primarily that the cutting action is concentrated on a limited number of points and not the entire cutting edge is engaged as a line. If, on the one hand, an oblique cutting edge and, on the other hand, a vertical or oblique cutting edge are combined, the cutting effect is produced in only one point. Act in a further exemplary embodiment, on the one hand a concave or double-sided oblique and on the other hand a vertical or a concave cutting edge together, the cutting effect arises in only two points. A corresponding effect arises when a vertical and a convex cutting edge are engaged.

Advantageously, the cutting edge at least partially on a wave profile or a tooth profile. Thus, the migration of the material to be cut is prevented transversely to the pressing direction and achieved the uniform distribution of forces and wear on the width of the cutting edge. In particular, this embodiment is advantageously combined with cutting edges which deviate from the vertical with respect to the pressing piston movement, such as oblique, convex or concave cutting edges.

The shape and type of the cutting edge on the press opening, the counter-blade, can also be transferred to the cutting edge on the plunger shield. Both cutting edges may have the same shape and texture or, alternatively, only one of them, the other being straight or oblique.

It is favorable if the shearing knife is exchangeable in one piece, the cutting edges or individual cutting edge sections thereof are exchangeable as interchangeable cutting plates. This applies equally to the shearing blades on the press plate and on the press opening. This makes it possible to increase the service life of the shearing knife in the event that only a portion of the cutting edge is worn, if necessary, only the worn sections or segments to replace. There is also the possibility of selectively using or exchanging cutting edges adapted to the nature of the material to be pressed, for example with non-stick coating in the case of adhesion-prone plastics.

The object of the invention is further achieved by a method for operating a pressing device with the method steps filling the press hopper with solids, initiating the movement of the press shield, compressing solids in the press trough before the press opening, cutting through beyond the profile of the press opening beyond protruding solids at least in a partial region of the profile circumference, retraction of the pressure plate at least partially into the press opening with further compression of the solids.

As a result, the materials contained in the press trough, which are pressed together here by the press plunger moved forward by the press plate, are pushed in front of the press opening. In this case, the pressure increases, in particular, when behind the press opening already under pressure material, such as garbage is. Its back pressure has the consequence that the material tries to escape outside of the cross-sectional area of the press plate or press opening and then gets into the slot between the pressure plate and press opening when the press plate enters the press opening. As a result, the press can jam and a complex malfunction should be the result. At least, however, much force is needed for the further movement of the press shield, which is missing for the compression of the material.

To avoid all this, the protruding material is cut off before it enters the gap. The pressure plate then moves easily into the press opening and the entire force of the plunger is available for further compression of the material.

It is also advantageous if, before filling the press funnel, the coupling of the container to the pressing device and the container lid take place as a press plate on the pressing piston. Thus, the compressed material does not need to be reloaded again, with the risk of unwanted, at least partial decompression would exist. Instead, the invention makes it possible for the material to be compressed to be pressed directly into the container.

The advantageous effect is further enhanced by the fact that in the particularly preferred embodiment, the container lid is used as a pressure plate when it is coupled to the plunger. With the last stroke of the plunger, the container lid then remains in the press opening in the container flap, where it is locked in the container flap and closes the container.

The container lid is under the back pressure of the compressed material, in particular waste, which thus transported under a high pressure and correspondingly low volume. or storable. Instead of a container, the invention contemplates any other container capable of containing solids under pressure for at least a limited period of time, such as lattice boxes, textile sacks or other containers with inflexible or flexible walls.

Further details and advantages of the invention are shown in the figures and their description. Show it:

1a to 1c : schematic representations of an embodiment of a pressing device according to the invention;

2 a schematic representation of a container flap with an inserted press plate according to the invention;

3a and 3b : schematic representations of a Abschermessers with a cutting plate of a pressing device according to the invention;

4 a schematic representation of a convex shear blade of a pressing device according to the invention; and

5 : A schematic representation of a concave shear blade of a pressing device according to the invention.

1a to 1c show schematic representations of an embodiment of a pressing device according to the invention 1 , In 1a is a side view of the pressing device 1 shown. The solids are transferred via the press funnel 6 in the pressing device 1 entered and reach the press trough 2 , By the press piston movement 9 , caused by the hydraulic cylinder 8th cooperating with the plunger 7 , During the pressing process, the pressing plate 4 in the direction of the press opening 11 behind the container 3 coupled, moved. The container flap 10 of the container 3 that with the pressing device 1 is coupled, has an opening, preferably the press opening 11 in their dimensions corresponds.

If the pressed material, the solid to be compressed, in the press trough 2 through the press plate 4 , driven by the hydraulic cylinder 8th with the plunger 7 , compressed, the pressed material tries to escape this pressure. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, escape can only be upwards in the direction of the press funnel 6 done since all other pages are closed. However, this has the consequence that when entering the press plate 4 in the press opening 11 the escaping material to be pressed into the slot between the pressure plate 4 and press opening 11 device because it protrudes beyond the cross section of the press plate. This increases the hydraulic cylinder 8th and plunger 7 applied force to overcome the clamping force, whereby at the same time the compression force is reduced. It is particularly problematic, however, if the pressed material jammed in the gap, so that no movement of the pressure plate 4 is more possible and the product has to be laboriously removed to restore functionality.

Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, both the squeeze shield 4 , as well as the press opening 11 shearing edges 13 . 14 on. With their help, protruding pressed material is separated and initially remains in the area of the press funnel 6 , The press plate 4 can thus easily and without additional effort in the press opening 11 slide in and insert the compressed material in the coupled container, as provided in the preferred embodiment, and compress. After the return of the press plate 4 the cut material falls into the press trough 2 into it and can be compressed with the newly added pressed material in the next operation and conveyed into the container.

The plunger movement 9 takes place in the illustrated preferred embodiment parallel to the ground plane 5 , However, it is also provided alternatively, the plunger movement 9 in other directions, for example perpendicular to the ground plane 5 up or down.

Furthermore, it is preferred behind the press opening 11 a container docked. Other embodiments provide, however, other containers, which with the pressing device 1 be coupled, for example, high-strength textile containers such as big bags.

1b shows the detail X from the 1a , where the shearing edge 13 above the press plate 4 passing through the plunger 7 is driven to recognize. The press plate 4 moves into the press trough 2 into it, in which the pressed material is located. In a similar way shows 1c the detail Y with the shearing edge 14 above the press trough 2 before the press plate in the course of the plunger movement, the press opening 11 reached. Also indicated is the container flap 10 into which the pressed material is introduced as soon as it opens the press 11 happened.

In the particularly preferred embodiment, in which, as shown, a container 3 to the pressing device 1 is coupled, the press plate is used 4 at the same time as a container lid. This is the closed container 3 to the pressing device 1 coupled, the plunger 7 to the container flap 10 moved up and over the locking bars 12 the container lid 4 from the container flap 10 decoupled and with the plunger 7 coupled. Then the plunger moves 7 in the hydraulic cylinder 8th a, gives the press trough 2 free for filling and can during the subsequent movement as a pressure plate 4 the pressed material in the press trough 2 for press opening 11 Compress.

2 shows a schematic representation of a container flap 10 with an inserted press plate 4 that now the container 3 closes and again as a container lid 4 serves. Using the locking bars 12 takes place here, just as before the lock with the plunger, the locking with the container flap 10 ,

3a and 3b show schematic representations of a Abschermessers 15 with a cutting plate 16 a pressing device according to the invention 1 , Through the cutting plate 16 , which is preferably carried out particularly stable, is the shearing edge 13 . 14 protected as soon as higher forces are threatened by accumulated pressed material. This is especially important in the press plate 4 if this is to serve as a container flap at the same time and after completion of the pressing process. Namely to properly seal the container and to keep the compressed pressed material under pressure herein, but also to a secure coupling process of the container lid 4 with the container flap 10 to ensure the press plate 4 must be protected against damage or plastic deformation. This is done by the cutting plate 16 ,

The shearing knife 15 differs from its basic shape deviating from the right angles to the cutting movement aligned cutting edge with two oblique or a convex basic shape equipped. In this way it can be avoided that the cutting edge is used all at once in the entire width and, as a result of the line loading, very high cutting forces occur. Instead, there is a point load at one point at the first touch and the cut at two points, resulting in significantly lower loads on average.

The cutting edge 19 has a wave profile 17 on. This avoids that the material to be cut from the oblique cutting edge 19 , in this case to the outside, slides and piled up material there. If these accumulations of material are avoided, there will be no increased cutting forces at the end of the cutting process. This is achieved by the material to be cut in the troughs of the wave profile 17 hooked and thus no longer on the cutting edge 19 can slide along.

4 shows a schematic representation of a convex shear knife 15 and 5 a schematic representation of a concave shear knife 15 ' a pressing device according to the invention 1 , Although these scrapers have no reinforcement by an insert, but otherwise show the same effects as in 3 described. Instead of the wave profile 17 and the convex shape is in 5 a tooth profile 18 applied and the shearing knife 15 ' concave shaped. In each case a straight shear blade or else an oblique, concave, convex or otherwise deviating from the perpendicular to the pressing piston movement designed shear blade can be used as the counter blade.

It is foreseen, the Abschermessers 15 . 15 ' with exchangeable interchangeable cutting plates 20 to provide replacement without disassembly and replacement and readjustment of the entire shear knife 15 . 15 ' enable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 pressing device

2

 Press trough

3

 Container

4

 Press plate, container lid

5

 ground plane

6

 Press funnel

7

 plunger

8th

 hydraulic cylinders

9

 Plunger movement

10

 container valve

11

 press opening

12

 locking bars

13

 Shearing edge press plate

14

 Shearing edge press opening

15, 15 '

 Shear blades

16

 cutting board

17

 wave profile

18

 tooth profile

19, 19 '

 cutting edge

20

 Indexable plates

Claims (10)

Pressing device ( 1 ) for solids, comprising a press trough ( 2 ), a press funnel ( 6 ), a press plate ( 4 ) and a press opening ( 11 ), wherein the pressure plate ( 4 ) movable in the manner in the press trough ( 2 ) is arranged that the pressing plate ( 4 ) at least partially the press trough ( 2 ) in the direction of the press opening ( 11 ) and at least partially into the press opening ( 11 ), from the press funnel ( 6 ) side facing a container ( 3 ) with the pressing device ( 1 ) is connectable, wherein at least either the pressing plate ( 4 ) or the press opening ( 11 ) at least one shearing edge ( 13 . 14 ) trained Edge, characterized in that the pressure plate ( 4 ) at the same time serves as a container lid. Pressing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing plate ( 4 ) with a plunger ( 7 ) is connectable and detachable and that the press plate ( 4 ) at the same time as container lid locking bars ( 12 ) has as fasteners. Pressing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure plate ( 4 ) an insert ( 16 ) having. Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the edges of the press plate ( 4 ) and / or press opening ( 11 ) as shearing edge ( 13 . 14 ) is trained. Pressing device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the at least one shearing edge ( 13 . 14 ) of press plate ( 4 ) and / or press opening ( 11 ) and / or the cutting plate ( 16 ) At least a shearing knife ( 15 . 15 ' ) with a cutting edge ( 19 . 19 ' ), wherein the cutting edge ( 19 . 19 ' ) substantially perpendicular to the plunger movement ( 9 ) runs. Pressing device according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the shearing blades ( 13 . 14 ) a cutting edge ( 19 . 19 ' ) which is opposite to a relative to the plunger movement ( 9 ) vertical course one, two or more sides inclined, arcuate, concave or convex. Pressing device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the cutting edge ( 19 . 19 ' ) at least partially a wave profile ( 17 ) or a tooth profile ( 18 ) having. Pressing device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the shearing blade ( 15 . 15 ' ) in one piece interchangeable, the cutting edges ( 19 . 19 ' ) or individual cutting edge sections thereof as interchangeable cutting plates ( 20 ) are interchangeable. Method for operating a pressing device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the method steps • filling of the press funnel ( 6 ) with solids, • initiating the movement of the pressure plate ( 4 ), • Compressing solids in the press trough ( 2 ) in front of the press opening ( 11 ), • cutting across the profile of the press opening ( 11 ) protruding solids at least in a portion of their profile circumference, • retraction of the press plate ( 4 ) at least partially into the press opening ( 11 ) with further compression of the solids. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that before filling the press funnel ( 6 ) the coupling of the container ( 3 ) to the pressing device ( 1 ) and the container lid as a press plate ( 4 ) to the plunger ( 7 ) respectively.

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