EP0635073A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen von gleitlager-schichtwerkstoff oder gleitlager-schichtwerkstücken - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen von gleitlager-schichtwerkstoff oder gleitlager-schichtwerkstückenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635073A1 EP0635073A1 EP93906428A EP93906428A EP0635073A1 EP 0635073 A1 EP0635073 A1 EP 0635073A1 EP 93906428 A EP93906428 A EP 93906428A EP 93906428 A EP93906428 A EP 93906428A EP 0635073 A1 EP0635073 A1 EP 0635073A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- silvering
- silver
- stage
- main
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 claims 1
- GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Sb] GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006913 SnSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/127—Details of intermediate layers, e.g. nickel dams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/02—Noble metals
- F16C2204/04—Noble metals based on silver
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
- F16C2223/70—Coating surfaces by electroplating or electrolytic coating, e.g. anodising, galvanising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/02—General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing plain bearing layer material or plain bearing layer workpieces, in which a binding layer made of silver and a sliding layer made of a lead-tin-copper or tin on a single-layer or multilayer carrier material or carrier workpiece -Antimony- plain bearing alloy (preferably lead-tin-copper alloy), galvanically attached.
- the binding layer made of silver offers the advantage that it is considerably softer and less susceptible to seizure than the binding and diffusion barrier layer made of nickel or similar hard metallic materials, which has been widely used in the case of multilayer plain bearings.
- the binding layer made of silver known from DE-AS 1 048 757 has the defect that it can only have a maximum thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m in order to retain sufficient binding to the thin zinc layer arranged underneath and the carrier layer made of aluminum material .
- the galvanic application of the known binding layer made of silver is associated with critical working conditions, so that the binding layer made of silver known from DE-AS 1 048 757 could not prevail in practice.
- the object of the invention is to create a method with which a galvanically applied bonding layer made of silver is thicker and more effective than before, in particular with regard to increased bonding strength on backing layers with emergency running properties, both on backing layers made of aluminum material as well as on carrier layers made of other materials, in particular bronze materials.
- the bonding layer made of pure silver is galvanically applied in two successive stages of silver dissolved in cyanide, namely in a pre-silvering stage as a thin pre-silvering layer with a thickness of approximately 0.1 ⁇ m to approximately 0.5 ⁇ m and a main - Silvering stage as the actual silver layer with a thickness of approximately 2 ⁇ m to approximately 10 ⁇ m, whereby in the pre-silvering stage a much lower silver concentration is used than in the main silvering stage, but current density of approximately the same order of magnitude is set up in both stages.
- the structure of the bonding layer according to the invention as a thin pre-silvering layer and the actual silver layer ensures that the pre-silvering layer ensures a secure bond on the carrier layer, while the actual silver layer forms a secure bonding basis for the sliding layer applied galvanically over it. This is achieved even though both partial layers have the same material structure made of pure silver. Due to the galvanic structure of a pre-silvering layer, the silver bonding layer can be adapted to support layers of various material structures. The adaptation between the pre-silvering layer and the actual silver layer is not critical due to the material of the two layers being the same, as is the binding property of the actual silver layer with the sliding layer electroplated thereon.
- the galvanic silver plating baths used to build up the two sub-layers of the silver bonding layer preferably differ in their material composition only with regard to the silver concentration and the concentration of the free alkali cyanide used in addition to the cyanide-dissolved silver.
- the concentration of the free alkali cyanide can thus lie between 50 g 1 and 200 g 1, it being possible to use a higher, preferably about 50% higher to twice the concentration of the free alkali cyanide in the main silvering stage.
- Silver concentrations of between approximately 1 g / l and approximately 60 g / l can be provided in the silver plating baths, an approximately 10-fold to 20-fold silver concentration being used in the main silver-plating stage compared to that in the pre-silver-plating stage.
- the pretreatment prior to the silvering step can be provided for carrier layers made of bronze material by pickling or electrical etching and pickling.
- Pretreatment prior to pre-silvering can also be provided in the case of carrier layers made of aluminum material by pickling or electro-etching and pickling and then very thin pre-metallization.
- carrier layers made of aluminum material such as aluminum alloy or aluminum dispersion alloy
- a pre-treatment by pickling and acid immersion and subsequent immersion in an aluminum immersion liquid are preferred before the pre-silvering step, in order to deposit a very thin layer of at least one, preferably several, of the metals zinc, nickel, Make copper, iron.
- carrier layers made of aluminum material such as aluminum alloy or aluminum dispersion alloy
- the free alkali cyanide can also be sodium cyanide in one or the other or in both silver plating baths.
- Preformed carrier workpieces for plain bearings with a steel backing and aluminum-tin dispersion alloy coating are degreased in organic solvent and then pickled in a solution of sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and zinc oxide.
- the workpieces are then immersed in a mixed acid of sulfuric and chromic acid. This is followed by immersion in an aluminum immersion liquid according to Example 2 over a period of 1 to 3 minutes.
- the galvanic deposition of the pure silver layer is followed by the galvanic deposition of a ternary or binary sliding layer (PbSnCu or SnSb) in the desired thickness. After the ternary or binary sliding layer has been deposited, a heat test is carried out to check the bond strength.
- a ternary or binary sliding layer PbSnCu or SnSb
- Preformed plain bearing workpieces made of steel backing and an applied intermediate layer made of tin-lead-bronze are degreased in organic solvents and then subjected to electro-etching. Electroetching is followed by immersion in acid (pickling). After pickling, the electrodeposition of a pre-silvering layer of about 0.1-1.5 ⁇ m thickness is carried out and the electrodeposition of a pure silver layer of about 5 ⁇ m thickness in silvering baths according to Example 1. Electrodeposition of a ternary or binary is carried out on the deposited pure silver layer Sliding layer of the desired composition and thickness.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4211642 | 1992-04-07 | ||
| DE4211642A DE4211642C2 (de) | 1992-04-07 | 1992-04-07 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gleitlager-Schichtwerkstoff oder Gleitlager-Schichtwerkstücken |
| PCT/DE1993/000229 WO1993020264A1 (de) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-03-10 | Verfahren zum herstellen von gleitlager-schichtwerkstoff oder gleitlager-schichtwerkstücken |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0635073A1 true EP0635073A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
Family
ID=6456290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93906428A Withdrawn EP0635073A1 (de) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-03-10 | Verfahren zum herstellen von gleitlager-schichtwerkstoff oder gleitlager-schichtwerkstücken |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0635073A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE4211642C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| WO (1) | WO1993020264A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001141183A (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Ebara Corp | 摺動部材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2008074345A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Sliding bearing |
| DE102007028211A1 (de) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Silber strukturiert beschichteten Gleitelements und danach erhältliches Gleitelement |
| DE102007028215A1 (de) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines strukturiert beschichteten Gleitelements und danach erhältliches Gleitelement |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3097422A (en) * | 1963-07-16 | Silver lead alloy for cavitation | ||
| DE1048757B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1953-07-08 | 1959-01-15 | ||
| US3342708A (en) * | 1966-07-29 | 1967-09-19 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Process for lubricating a bearing surface |
| GB1200212A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1970-07-29 | Dow Corning | Method of forming solid lubricant films on metal surfaces |
-
1992
- 1992-04-07 DE DE4211642A patent/DE4211642C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-03-10 EP EP93906428A patent/EP0635073A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-03-10 WO PCT/DE1993/000229 patent/WO1993020264A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9320264A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4211642C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-05-19 |
| DE4211642C2 (de) | 1997-11-13 |
| WO1993020264A1 (de) | 1993-10-14 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19941019 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950714 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19951125 |