EP0621449B2 - Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0621449B2
EP0621449B2 EP93810393A EP93810393A EP0621449B2 EP 0621449 B2 EP0621449 B2 EP 0621449B2 EP 93810393 A EP93810393 A EP 93810393A EP 93810393 A EP93810393 A EP 93810393A EP 0621449 B2 EP0621449 B2 EP 0621449B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
plate
plates
primary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93810393A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0621449A1 (de
EP0621449B1 (de
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Doikos Investments Ltd
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Doikos Investments Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates primarily one out of one A plurality of combustion grates constructed from grate plates for the combustion of rubbish. Secondly, it affects Invention a method for burning rubbish on a such combustion grate.
  • Burning grates have always been for the combustion of Garbage known.
  • a special type of combustion grate is the so-called thrust combustion grate, which includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the thrust combustion grate includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the thrust combustion grate which includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the firing stock will be on the former conveyed in the forward direction to the loading of firing material, on the latter in reverse.
  • the forward direction downward sloping feed grids and feed grids have been known for decades and have one found widespread in waste incineration plants.
  • the present invention relates generally to combustion sliding grates relates, regardless of whether this moves the firing material forward or feed backwards
  • a mechanical one Drive device ensures that every such second Grate stage executes a lifting stroke which consists in that these grate steps back and forth in the direction of their inclination are movable here. This ensures that the on the feed grate lying, burning rubbish with a long dwell time from 45 to 120 minutes constantly rearranged and up the grate is evenly distributed.
  • the moving grate is loaded with rubbish.
  • the incoming rubbish will be the loading area for the time being dried by the heat radiation acting on it.
  • This is followed by an area on the feed grate in which the Gasification sets in, namely the solid components of garbage change into gaseous state and energy release.
  • the moving grate is with a Compare tiled roof with reverse slope. He brings the advantage that the embers are pushed back to the beginning of the grate becomes. It extends from the beginning of the grate to the end overlapping the primary combustion.
  • This intense, direct Garbage fire starting at the beginning of the grate is an essential one Characteristic of a back-moving grate. It arises by already burning garbage components with the upward facing Conveying effect of the grate with not yet ignited fuel brought together and mixed, creating a Zone of very high temperature with high combustion intensity is generated at the beginning of the grate.
  • the stoking movement exists on the one hand from the natural downward movement of the firing material due to gravity and the opposite Pushing movement of the grate. At the same time, one can Buffer effect against fluctuations in the calorific value of the fired material generate by tearing off the ignition or running away the fire towards the grate end is reliably prevented.
  • Such return grids ensure a uniformly high Burning layer without holes that would leave the rust uncovered and would lead to its thermal wear.
  • the individual grate bars are made independent of the grate type a cast chrome steel, which has a high wear resistance and should ensure heat resistance.
  • the grate bars are machine ground to close together and therefore for those from below incoming primary air has a high flow resistance of the Rust covering with the smallest possible amount of rust diarrhea to reach.
  • the primary air also passes through one Gap ground out of the side surface in the area of the Head end of the grate bar into the combustion bed.
  • the headboard is from the next following overlapping grate bar overlined what should keep these air gaps clear.
  • To also to achieve a further cleaning effect the back and forth movement of the neighboring grate bars somewhat out of phase so that a relative movement between them arises, which contributes to the ventilation slots do not clog.
  • combustion air supply is the location of the grate most important prerequisite for the operation of a waste furnace, which should have the lowest possible emissions.
  • the primary air in the grate longitudinal direction Burning bed supplied via 5 to 6 separate air zones. At newer plants will supply the combustion air to everyone such individual air zone measured and controlled separately. This is done either via supply pipes with Venturi measuring points or pressure measurements over the individual orifices that are assigned to each primary air zone. Close control the air conditions under the grate at every point largely ensured. More air gets burned as so-called secondary air from above the grate fed.
  • This proportion of secondary air makes up about 25 to 35% of the total combustion air and is supplied via air nozzles of 50 up to 90 mm in diameter fed onto the firing material from above.
  • the average operating temperature of the grate bars in the The main combustion zone of the grate is only about 50 ° C above the set one Primary air temperature and thus around 200 ° C, but with the surface temperatures of 800 to 1,100 ° C has to endure.
  • the service life of a grate bar is however practically only of its mechanical, thermal and chemical (Oxidation in an acidic environment) Wear resistance dependent. Depending on the brand, you can reach between 5,000 to 35,000 hours of downtime.
  • a sliding grate has compensation segments. These usually consist of movable center plate and movable side plates of the grate, which this dilation to compensate.
  • a grate which consists of two perforated, parallel spaced apart There is sheet metal, with the perforation holes lying one above the other and connected with conical, welded pipes are. Water can flow through the cavity.
  • Such one one-piece grate is, however, for installation in a Waste incineration plant inconceivable, because here the Rust open widths of several meters and the length such grids usually measure a multiple of the width.
  • FR-A 2'247'134 discloses a grate made of several stacks superimposed elements, the rust surface in its entirety a downward slope in the direction of conveyance has, while the individual elements against the conveying direction are inclined downwards. The elements are also movable against each other.
  • DE-C 498'538 describes a cast body water-cooled thrust combustion grate known, in which Adjacent grate levels overlap and on top of each other are executed lying down.
  • the object of the present invention is first line to create a thrust combustion grate which is significantly cheaper to manufacture, a significantly longer service life than conventional thrust combustion grates reached, only a minimal dilatation is subject, so that corresponding compensation segments are omitted can, and which a smaller rust diarrhea has than conventional combustion grates, as well as in a special version also a more targeted primary air supply enables.
  • a thrust combustion grate based on the a thrust combustion grate according to the invention create what a better optimized combustion of the rubbish allowed on a combustion grate by causing slag diarrhea is reduced and the combustion grate on at a lower temperature level, so that the Primary air supply can be controlled so that an optimal Combustion chamber temperature spectrum is achieved and thus the calorific value the waste to be burned is better used.
  • Such a rust is significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture than those of rust bars made of cast chrome steel. Because it can be cooled, is only slightly dilated, so there is no need to compensate for this dilation. The Rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because the grate plate stretched across the entire width of the grate.
  • the first task is solved by a combustion grate for burning rubbish consisting of several there are movable grate levels and thereby distinguishes that it consists of a plurality of grate plates exists, and itself by the features of the claim 1 awards.
  • the second object is achieved by a method of burning of rubbish on a combustion grate whose Inside is flowed through by a liquid, which the Burning grate tempered, and that of a variety of Holes are interspersed with continuous pipe sections are formed by which the fire from below the combustion grate Air is supplied, the process by the characterizing features of claim 12 distinguished.
  • the grate By cooling the grate can be at a lower temperature can be held and can therefore consist of a few continuous Rust plates exist, so the number of slots through which Slag can fall through the rust is reduced. Further enables the relatively low temperature of the Rust that optional primary air supply lines on its underside can be connected directly to the grate, whereby the primary air is supplied locally in a very targeted manner can. Such a grate allows a geometrically approximate defined fire to drive by the primary air supply very can be targeted. This will result in better burnout achieved and thus also a higher boiler efficiency and better Flue gas values. In addition, the service life of such a Rust much larger and the production costs considerably deeper. After all, the slag diarrhea is severe reduced.
  • FIG Grate plate 1 of such a combustion grate in perspective Representation shown.
  • the example execution of the Grate plate 1 consists of two chrome steel sheets, namely from a shell for the grate top 2 and a bowl for the bottom of the grate plate 3.
  • the two Sheet metal shells 2, 3 are welded together. For this are their edges advantageously shaped so that the two shells 2, 3 can be slipped together with their edges.
  • the two end faces of the resulting hollow profile tightly welded with end plates.
  • Openings 8,9 On the top of the grate plate 2 and on the bottom of the grate plate 3 there are openings 8,9, the openings 8 on the upper side 2 being smaller than the openings 9 on the underside 3.
  • the on the grate plate top 2 and the bottom of the grate plate 3 opposite Openings 8.9 are with tubular elements 21, for example conical tubes 21 with a round, elliptical or slit-shaped diameter, close together connected, each of these elements 21 in the grate plate top 2 and the underside of the grate plate 3 are welded tight is.
  • the resulting funnel-shaped bushings through the grate plate 1 allow by inflow with Air from the grate bottom 3 a targeted Ventilation of the firing material lying on the grate.
  • the bottom 3 of the grate plate 1 feed pipes or hoses connected for the primary air to be blown.
  • This one shown grate plate 1 has such a cross section that on the top 2 of the plate 1 has a largely flat surface 2 is formed, on which the firing material is determined to lie is.
  • the lower side 3 has bends, so to a certain extent Feet 10,11 are formed.
  • Feet 10,11 are formed.
  • one foot 10 which here contains a channel 12
  • runs inside this cannula 12 a round rod 13 on which the grate plate 1 rests here.
  • the other foot 11 is flat and below determined on the neighboring grate plate, which of the same Form is to lie on.
  • such a grate plate can also be made from one prefabricated hollow profile exist, in which only the welded to both ends with a suitable end plate become.
  • the funnel-shaped continuous pipes can be welded in afterwards by using the Small holes milled or drilled out on top be, and opposite on the bottom of the Grate plate corresponding to somewhat larger holes.
  • the larger holes can then be funnel-shaped tubes or elements are pushed through the grate plate afterwards sealed to the outside of the grate plate become.
  • These tubes or elements 21 therefore become conical or chosen funnel-shaped because it sticks a possible rust diarrhea practically excluded in them is by the walls through the taper are somewhat overhanging. Then you can Mouths with the top of the grate plate are ground flat. At the bottom you can connect pipes or hoses to them through tubes are screwed.
  • a manganese alloy sheet is suitable of such strength that it can just be folded over that is, of a magnitude of around 10 Millimeters.
  • the sheet should also be a good enough one Have thermal conductivity, so that no large temperature differences can occur within the grate and so Tensions in its material can be avoided. No matter, whether such a grate plate made of two half-shells or with hollow profiles is manufactured, in any case it is compared to the level of a conventional grate, which consists of a large number of grate bars exists to manufacture significantly cheaper.
  • a grate plate is partially cut open shown.
  • This grate plate is by means of a partition bulkhead 50 divided into two chambers 51, 52. It is this Grate plate around one in the first part of a combustion grate is installed in which not with primary air supply is worked, which is why the plate shown here differs contains no tubular elements to that in FIG and therefore has no openings.
  • Combustion grates usually consist of three to five different ones Zones, each consisting of a number of several grate plates exist, with primary air only from the second zone is fed.
  • baffles inside the two chambers 51, 52 53 installed, which is tight with the grate plate below are welded, but an air gap on the top from a few tenths of a millimeter to the inside of the top Leave the grate plate open so that it can pass through these air gaps Gas exchange within the baffle 53 formed Labyrinths can take place.
  • a cooling medium is pumped into the grate plate chamber 52, which then as indicated by the arrows by that of the Baffles 53 formed labyrinth flows and finally flows out of the chamber through the nozzle 7. Because the cooling medium a larger as it flows through Finding area for heat absorption will be a better one Heat exchange achieved.
  • a cooling medium for example Water can be used.
  • each plank 54 consists of two superimposed ones Square tubes 55.56, the partition thus formed 57 is shortened at one end so that there is a connection formed between the inside of the two square tubes 55.56 becomes. From a connection 58, cooling medium flows through the plank 54 pumped, which then through the two square tubes 55.56 flows as indicated by the arrows, and finally flows out of the plank 54 through the nozzle 59.
  • a shielding plate not shown here, is arranged be the plank 54 on the combustion plate side borders and as a wear element because of the between Grate plate and plank used friction.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross section through a combustion grate shown, which consists of a plurality of grate plates exists as they have just been described.
  • Figure 3a) and FIG. 3b) show two different snapshots in the operation of this combustion grate, its movable Carry out rusting strokes.
  • These movable grate plates 16, 17 can now do strokes by doing as with the Move the arrows indicated to and fro.
  • the drive takes place thereby over the round rods 13, which are attached to profiles 18 are, which in turn over a mechanical drive now and then are movable here.
  • the combustion grate as shown in FIG. 3 is related to FIG the general direction of conveyance is horizontal. It is about a moving grate because the firing material is from the grate or from the moving grate plates, from where every other person is mobile and does strokes, is promoted.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the combustion grate identical in itself from several combustion grate plates built up, only he is now on one side inclined by about 25 °. Therefore now slide the grate plates the firing material by means of the strokes they performed against the general direction of funding upwards. This will that the firing material, which is due to gravity moves slowly downwards on the grate through which Push strokes always pushed back a bit and relocated becomes what promotes complete combustion is.
  • a combustion grate can be made from such Grate plates inclined horizontally, downwards or upwards be carried out as required.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows a feed siphon 30, such as he below the combustion grate to each primary air supply line can be assembled. Because through the little ones Openings in the grate plates inevitably some rust diarrhea this rust diarrhea falls in the form of finely powdered slag in the supply lines for the primary air. It is therefore necessary to supply such siphons 30 to provide in which the rust diarrhea is caught, and at the same time the unimpeded continuous air supply is guaranteed.
  • a siphon is below, for example similar to the shape of an Erlenmeyer flask, where the bottom of the siphon through a spring-loaded flap 31 is closed.
  • the flap 31 is around a hinge 32 pivotable and a spring 33 loaded with one leg 34 the flap 31 from below and with the other leg 35 the side wall of the siphon.
  • a tight with the flap 31 connected operating lever 36 protrudes from the hinge 32 and is in the range of action of a solenoid 37.
  • This Electromagnet is capable if its coil 38 is under electrical Tension is set, the operating lever 36 to its core 39 attract, whereby the flap 31 is opened and the accumulated rust diarrhea 40 in an underlying trough falls.
  • Primary air supply line 41 into the interior of the siphon 30.
  • the supply line is inclined downwards into the siphon so that it is below Under no circumstances fall rust rust into this supply line can, because this does not necessarily have to be constantly from a strong one Air flow.
  • the neck 42 of the siphon is via a heat-resistant flexible line 43 with the lower one Mouth of a single conical tube connected by a grate plate 1 leads.
  • the method according to the invention can now be carried out with one of such Grate plates 1 built combustion grate exercised become.
  • Liquids are used as the medium for tempering the grate used.
  • the aim of the process is to determine the temperature to keep the grate at a constant level and thereby significantly reducing its wear.
  • the temperatures should move in the range of up to about 150 °, which results in a low thermal material load draws and accordingly positive on the mechanical Resilience and wear resistance of the grate plates 1 affects.
  • that used for tempering Medium in a heat exchange with the feed Primary air.
  • a commercially available heat exchanger can be used for this can be used, the countercurrent principle is working.
  • the temperature control medium can already remove the heat from the exhaust air absorb the incineration, and then into the grate plates of the combustion grate.
  • a second, just as significant part of the inventive The procedure is that the firing material is optimal is supplied with primary air so that its calorific value is as good as possible is exploited and its combustion as complete as possible.
  • the temperature spectrum in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate using a variety determined by temperature measuring probes. These probes can built into the surface of the grate plates his.
  • the temperature spectrum can also be determined using of a pyrometer can be determined.
  • solenoid valves in the feed lines are used, which from a central Microprocessor can be controlled in which the optimal selected combustion chamber temperature spectrum can be saved.
  • the primary air supply is via one or more powerful compressors or fans.
  • the method according to the invention enables a greatly improved Combustion and thus better use of the calorific values of the various fuel items.
  • tempering and one can in particular by cooling the grate plates considerable increase in the service life of the combustion grates achieve.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is in its Production with individual grate plates easy and a lot less expensive than conventional combustion grates made from there are a large number of grate bars which can be moved relative to one another, which also have high mechanical and thermal wear are exposed.
  • the problematic falls Dilatation by keeping the temperature constant practically away from a comparatively low level and thus there is no need for the previously complex measures to compensate of these heat-related dilations.
  • the rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because only small, but many feed openings for the specifically used Primary air is available, which is also mostly relative are strongly flowed through, so that a larger rust diarrhea practically hardly occurs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP93810393A 1993-04-20 1993-06-01 Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0621449B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1231/93A CH684118A5 (de) 1993-04-20 1993-04-20 Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens und Rostplatte für einen solchen Verbrennungsrost.
CH123193 1993-04-20
CH1231/93 1993-04-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0621449A1 EP0621449A1 (de) 1994-10-26
EP0621449B1 EP0621449B1 (de) 1995-08-09
EP0621449B2 true EP0621449B2 (de) 2000-06-28

Family

ID=4205556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810393A Expired - Lifetime EP0621449B2 (de) 1993-04-20 1993-06-01 Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5673636A (zh)
EP (1) EP0621449B2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2935752B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100283946B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1105871C (zh)
AT (1) ATE126342T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU6422694A (zh)
CA (1) CA2138666C (zh)
CH (1) CH684118A5 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ282274B6 (zh)
DE (2) DE59300462D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK0621449T4 (zh)
ES (1) ES2080601T5 (zh)
FR (1) FR2704303B3 (zh)
NO (1) NO302436B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1994024487A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014008858A1 (de) 2014-06-16 2015-12-17 Joachim Kümmel Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Biomassen auf einem Flossenwand-Stufenrost sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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KR100283946B1 (ko) 2001-09-17
NO302436B1 (no) 1998-03-02
CH684118A5 (de) 1994-07-15
DE59300462D1 (de) 1995-09-14
FR2704303B3 (fr) 1995-03-31
ATE126342T1 (de) 1995-08-15
JPH07508829A (ja) 1995-09-28
CA2138666C (en) 2007-12-04
AU6422694A (en) 1994-11-08
DE9309198U1 (de) 1993-08-19
ES2080601T3 (es) 1996-02-01
EP0621449A1 (de) 1994-10-26
WO1994024487A1 (de) 1994-10-27
CA2138666A1 (en) 1994-10-27
DK0621449T4 (da) 2000-10-02
US5673636A (en) 1997-10-07
NO932063L (no) 1994-10-21
NO932063D0 (no) 1993-06-07
FR2704303A3 (fr) 1994-10-28
JP2935752B2 (ja) 1999-08-16
EP0621449B1 (de) 1995-08-09
CN1105871C (zh) 2003-04-16
ES2080601T5 (es) 2000-11-16
DK0621449T3 (da) 1995-12-18
CZ282274B6 (cs) 1997-06-11
CN1107282A (zh) 1995-08-23

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