EP0570954A1 - Panneau de signalisation routière - Google Patents

Panneau de signalisation routière Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0570954A1
EP0570954A1 EP19930108200 EP93108200A EP0570954A1 EP 0570954 A1 EP0570954 A1 EP 0570954A1 EP 19930108200 EP19930108200 EP 19930108200 EP 93108200 A EP93108200 A EP 93108200A EP 0570954 A1 EP0570954 A1 EP 0570954A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beacon
housing
sheet
subframe
holding device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19930108200
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0570954B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Langbrandner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WEBER, JOSEF
Original Assignee
Weber Josef
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weber Josef filed Critical Weber Josef
Publication of EP0570954A1 publication Critical patent/EP0570954A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0570954B1 publication Critical patent/EP0570954B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
    • E01F9/615—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings illuminated
    • E01F9/617—Illuminated or wired-up posts, bollards, pillars or like upstanding bodies or structures for traffic guidance, warning or control
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/688—Free-standing bodies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a road beacon that can be used on both sides for guiding traffic at construction sites and the like, with a beacon housing, a supporting leg including a foot that supports the beacon housing and a beacon sheet fastened in the beacon housing with individual, preferably reflecting, marking lines.
  • Road beacons are official traffic signs and are used to direct traffic past an obstacle either to the left or to the right, depending on how the lines of the beacon sheet on the front of the road beacon run. For example, if the traffic is to be guided past the right side of the beacon as seen by the driver, the marking lines of the beacon sheet run obliquely from top left to bottom right.
  • beacons There are regulations for beacons in which certain technical conditions are checked. Only beacons complying with the regulations may be used. These regulations are the technical delivery conditions for beacons 1987, which also include so-called "crossing tests”. No parts may come loose when driving over beacons.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a beacon corresponding to the technical delivery conditions for beacons 1987, in particular the so-called crossing tests, which can be used on both sides at the same time.
  • the generic street beacon which is also characterized by a beacon sheet provided on both sides with marking lines, which is arranged on a holding device connected to the beacon housing rotatably to or from the housing, whereby the beacon sheet, holding device and housing form a turning mechanism for the beacon sheet, which ensures that both sides of the beacon sheet are attached the front of the housing of the beacon can be positioned.
  • the invention offers the advantage that the beacon blade is firmly connected to the beacon housing in every situation and, as a result, no parts become detached even during so-called crossing tests, in particular the beacon blade remains on the housing or the holding device.
  • the usability of the road beacon on both sides has the advantage that the correct road beacon is always available at the construction site, so that there can be no confusion. Furthermore, smaller quantities of beacons are required in the relevant construction site depots and the like. Ultimately, the invention also ensures a structurally simple beacon, which is therefore inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the subclaims describe expedient configurations of the beacon according to the invention.
  • Claim 2 relates to an embodiment of a beacon in which an auxiliary frame is provided as the holding device, which is pivotally connected to the housing on one side about an axis running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beacon sheet, so that the auxiliary frame can be pivoted away from the housing in the manner of a pivoting door.
  • the possibility of pivoting the subframe ensures that the Baklen sheet is turned in different ways.
  • the subframe can also be connected to the housing in such a way that it can be inserted into the housing either laterally or from the top or can be pulled out of it.
  • the two configurations according to claims 2 and 3 ensure that the auxiliary frame for the turning of the beacon sheet is accessible.
  • the beacon sheet is fastened in the subframe, in particular rotatably about an axis B running along the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • the subframe is pivoted out, whereupon the beacon sheet can be rotated, then the subframe is pivoted back into the housing.
  • the conversion of the beacon can consequently be carried out particularly easily and quickly, at the same time ensuring that all parts remain connected when the beacon is changed.
  • the beacon sheet in which the auxiliary frame is slidably arranged in the housing, can either be arranged reversibly in the auxiliary frame or can be inserted into the auxiliary frame either from above or from the side as a loose part. In the latter embodiment, the beacon sheet is pulled out of the subframe, turned and plugged back into it. An attachment of the beacon sheet is therefore not necessary in this embodiment.
  • the design with a pivotable subframe can be realized in a simple manner in terms of construction in that a longitudinal side of the subframe has lugs which rotatably engage in corresponding recesses on the housing.
  • These approaches can be formed by molding on the subframe itself or by a part extending over the entire longitudinal axis of the subframe z.
  • B. rod can be realized, which engages at its ends in the recesses provided in the housing and ensures a rotatable pivoting of the subframe.
  • the housing expediently has a housing recess on the front side which receives the subframe and the beacon sheet without parts of the subframe or beacon sheet protruding on the front side of the housing, thereby reducing the risk of injuries in the event of a collision with the beacon.
  • the subject matter of claim 8 offers the advantage that this beacon offers the possibility of being a two-sided beacon, ie. H. to guide traffic in both directions.
  • the change of the beacon - as far as the two-sidedness is concerned - only takes place by folding out the additional subframe and rotating the additional beacon sheet as required.
  • Another embodiment of the double-sided beacon according to the invention is characterized in that the holding device is connected to the housing so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis, the beacon sheet is connected to the holding device in a rotationally fixed manner and the recess in the beacon housing passes through.
  • H. is designed with an open rear side. This configuration also ensures particularly simple and quick handling when converting the beacon, in which the beacon sheet only needs to be rotated about the fixed horizontal axis.
  • this beacon can ensure a regulating function of the traffic both from the front side and from the rear side of the beacon.
  • This embodiment of the beacon is structurally particularly simple to manufacture in that the beacon sheet is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a horizontally arranged axis or horizontally arranged axis parts, with the axis or axis parts in corresponding recesses or holders engage the housing.
  • the parts of the beacon are always connected to each other when the beacon is moved.
  • axle parts are expediently each connected to an elongate holding device, which in turn holds the beacon blade on its sides so that it cannot move.
  • securing means are expediently provided.
  • the beacon sheet is pushed directly into the beacon housing without the auxiliary frame, safety means being provided which prevent the beacon sheet from accidentally slipping out of the housing.
  • securing pins or securing clips are provided as securing means which, in the secured state of the beacon, i.e. While using the beacon, push through or grasp the housing and the subframe and grasp or grasp the beacon blade or an attachment.
  • a socket is expediently provided on the foot or pillar of the beacon for connection to a power supply cable of a power supply source, the socket having a line laid on the housing the lighting is connected.
  • the replacement of the lighting fixture is expediently improved in that an attachment is provided on the top of the beacon, in which a lighting fixture z. B. lamp can be plugged in, the attachment being designed as a socket and receiving a plug-in attachment of the lighting fixture, and thereby the lighting fixture can be plugged in at the top of the beacon or the attachment. This avoids time-consuming assembly work.
  • the manufacture of the beacon can be particularly simplified in that the housing is formed in one piece with the support leg and also consists of plastic. Likewise, the holding device, in particular the subframe, must be made of plastic or aluminum.
  • the foot area of the beacon is to be manufactured as a separate part for manufacturing reasons, the support leg of the beacon expediently being insertable into a recess in the upper part of the foot area.
  • the upper part of the foot has a recess for receiving the energy source, in particular a battery, which is provided for supplying the lighting on the upper side of the beacon.
  • the embodiment according to claim 21 has the advantage that a single subframe can be used to identify the front or back of the beacon.
  • Reference number 1 in FIG. 1 describes the beacon in its entirety. It comprises a beacon housing 2, preferably made of plastic, which has an inner recess 21, as a result of which an all-round edge 31 is formed (cf. also FIG. 3).
  • the beacon housing 2 is preferably connected on its underside to an integrally molded support leg 3, which can be inserted into a recess 29 in the upper part 4 of the foot.
  • the upper part 4 merges into a lower part 5 which widens downwards.
  • an attachment 7 which is connected to the lighting 6 in a manner to be described later.
  • the beacon sheet 12 Inside the housing 2 d. H. In the recess 21 of the housing 2 is the beacon sheet 12, which has a plurality of inclined marking lines 13, which are preferably fluorescent red. The remaining areas of the beacon sheet are (also) fluorescent white.
  • the beacon sheet 12 is connected to an auxiliary frame 14, which is also located in the housing 2, via two rotating brackets 16 arranged on the upper and lower side of the beacon sheet 12 so as to be rotatable about the axis B.
  • the marking lines 13 are formed both on the front and on the back of the beacon sheet 12.
  • the subframe 14 is connected in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 to a rod 15 provided on the left side of the subframe in FIG. 1, which ends z. B. 22 rotatably engages in corresponding recesses 23 of the housing 2. This ensures that the subframe 14 can be pivoted out of the recess 21 of the housing 2 as if it were a pivoting door and at the same time the beacon sheet 12 - as shown in FIG. 3 - can be rotated in the pivoted out position of the subframe 14. After the changeover, the beacon sheet 12 then has, as can be seen from FIG. 2, marking lines 13 which run from the top right to the bottom left and are thus intended to guide the traffic past the left side of the beacon. 1, the traffic is directed past the right side of the beacon.
  • securing means are provided which ensure a connection of the pivotable side edge of the beacon sheet to the housing.
  • securing pins 17 are provided as securing means, which pass through bushings 32 in the housing and engage or engage on the beacon blade 12.
  • the beacon 1 On the main leg 3 of the beacon 1 there is a socket into which a plug 27 of a power supply cable 10, which is connected to a battery 11, can be inserted.
  • the battery 11 is preferably accommodated in a recess 28 in the upper part of the foot.
  • the power supply line for connecting the socket 9 to the attachment 7 provided on the top of the housing 2 runs on the inside of the recess 21 within a cover 30.
  • the top 7 has on its upper end face a plug-in receptacle (not shown) into which the plug-in extension 8 of the lighting 6 can be inserted.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the beacon according to the invention with a continuous housing recess 23.
  • the beacon sheet 12 is connected here via laterally arranged elongate holding devices 19 and 26 to two axle parts 18 and 24 which engage in the housing 2 so as to be rotatable about the horizontal axis C.
  • the rotation of the beacon sheet 12 takes place e.g. about the axis C, as can be seen in the side view according to FIG. 5.
  • beacon sheet 12 in the housing 2 Securing against inadvertent pivoting of beacon sheet 12 in the housing 2 is ensured by locking pins 20 which protrude through corresponding openings in the housing and on the holding device 19.
  • FIG. 6a shows a cross-sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the beacon according to the invention, which, in addition to the housing recess 21 for receiving the auxiliary frame 14 and beacon sheet 12, has a rear, further housing recess 32 in which an auxiliary frame 33 with an additional beacon 34 is also provided.
  • the construction of the additional subframe 33 including the beacon sheet 34 and its connection to the housing 2 takes place in an identical manner to that of the subframe 14 and beacon sheet 12.
  • the subframe is pivoted about the axis A 'and that of the beacon sheet 34 about the axis B'.
  • FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional illustration of a double-sided beacon with a single subframe 14, which is articulated centrally on the outside of the housing 2.
  • the Subframe 14 can therefore be pivoted around the housing 2 to the other side of the housing 2, whereby a double subframe arrangement is not required.
  • a suitable implementation of the mounting of the auxiliary frame 14 with the joint arrangement lying on the outside of the housing 2 is to be ensured. For the sake of clarity, such an implementation is not shown in FIG. 6b.
  • the additional beacon sheet 34 is only provided on the front side 35 with corresponding marking lines 13, whereas the back side 36 has a neutral (eg black or white colored) surface. If the rear region of the beacon 1 is set so that the front side 35 of the recess 32, which is provided with the marking lines 13, faces away, i. H. shows to the outside, the beacon 1 can be used as a bilateral beacon, whereby a regulation of the traffic is guaranteed both on the front and on the back of the beacon 1.
  • the beacon according to FIG. 7 is characterized by an auxiliary frame 14 (see FIG. 8) which can be inserted laterally into the housing 2 of the beacon 1 and which carries the beacon sheet 12.
  • Both the beacon housing 2 and the auxiliary frame 14 have a recess 21 on one side, so that one side of the beacon sheet - as shown in FIG. 8 - is visible.
  • the recess there is also the possibility of making the recess on both sides of the beacon.
  • the auxiliary frame 14, which carries the beacon sheet 12 is inserted into the housing 2.
  • the beacon sheet 12 itself is pushed directly into the housing 2 of the beacon, without an additional auxiliary frame.
  • a securing strip 37 is provided which is pushed onto the beacon housing 2 in the longitudinal direction of the side edge, which has an extension 39, and thereby closes the open side of the beacon 1, as shown in FIG. 9.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
EP93108200A 1992-05-21 1993-05-19 Panneau de signalisation routière Expired - Lifetime EP0570954B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4216738A DE4216738C2 (de) 1992-05-21 1992-05-21 Straßenbake
DE4216738 1992-05-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0570954A1 true EP0570954A1 (fr) 1993-11-24
EP0570954B1 EP0570954B1 (fr) 1997-11-26

Family

ID=6459359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93108200A Expired - Lifetime EP0570954B1 (fr) 1992-05-21 1993-05-19 Panneau de signalisation routière

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0570954B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE160606T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4216738C2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5775833A (en) * 1996-06-19 1998-07-07 Rotational Molding Of Utah Collapsible, breakaway highway delineator
US6840707B1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2005-01-11 Traffix Devices, Inc. Laterally stable vertical panel system
FR2901288A1 (fr) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-23 Palmero Internat Sarl Panneau et dispositif de signalisation temporaire au sol du type comprenant au moins un panneau de signalisation, notamment a usage routier
US7476051B1 (en) 1999-02-10 2009-01-13 Traffix Devices, Inc. Laterally stable vertical panel system
CN110656601A (zh) * 2019-09-05 2020-01-07 玉环睿升自动化技术有限公司 一种慢行道的道路栏杆

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202014101839U1 (de) * 2014-04-17 2015-07-20 Wemas Absperrtechnik Gmbh Verkehrsleiteinrichtung
DE102015222857A1 (de) 2015-11-19 2017-05-24 Gernot Förster Bakensystem, insbesondere Verkehrsbakensystem

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2524379A1 (de) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-09 Edel Frankf Schilder Halterung fuer eine absperrbake fuer den strassenverkehr
FR2419355A1 (fr) * 1978-03-06 1979-10-05 Bergia Marius Support pour panneau de signalisation routiere temporaire avec bequille escamotable
EP0330392A1 (fr) * 1988-02-20 1989-08-30 Ronald Richard Webb Cône de signalisation lumineux
DE3825067C1 (en) * 1988-07-23 1989-12-14 Strassenverkehrssicherungsanlagen Gmbh, 6601 Klarenthal, De Device for making roadwork sites safe

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2253126A1 (de) * 1972-10-30 1974-05-09 Walter Britsch Mobiler warngeraetetraeger
DE7812173U1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1980-04-24 Ferch & Nabben, 4040 Neuss Verkehrsbake

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2524379A1 (de) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-09 Edel Frankf Schilder Halterung fuer eine absperrbake fuer den strassenverkehr
FR2419355A1 (fr) * 1978-03-06 1979-10-05 Bergia Marius Support pour panneau de signalisation routiere temporaire avec bequille escamotable
EP0330392A1 (fr) * 1988-02-20 1989-08-30 Ronald Richard Webb Cône de signalisation lumineux
DE3825067C1 (en) * 1988-07-23 1989-12-14 Strassenverkehrssicherungsanlagen Gmbh, 6601 Klarenthal, De Device for making roadwork sites safe

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5775833A (en) * 1996-06-19 1998-07-07 Rotational Molding Of Utah Collapsible, breakaway highway delineator
US6840707B1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2005-01-11 Traffix Devices, Inc. Laterally stable vertical panel system
US7476051B1 (en) 1999-02-10 2009-01-13 Traffix Devices, Inc. Laterally stable vertical panel system
FR2901288A1 (fr) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-23 Palmero Internat Sarl Panneau et dispositif de signalisation temporaire au sol du type comprenant au moins un panneau de signalisation, notamment a usage routier
CN110656601A (zh) * 2019-09-05 2020-01-07 玉环睿升自动化技术有限公司 一种慢行道的道路栏杆

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4216738C2 (de) 1994-03-31
DE4216738A1 (de) 1993-12-02
EP0570954B1 (fr) 1997-11-26
ATE160606T1 (de) 1997-12-15
DE59307723D1 (de) 1998-01-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0362608A2 (fr) Dispositif d'alarme lumineux
EP0570954B1 (fr) Panneau de signalisation routière
DE3701760A1 (de) Sonnenblende fuer fahrzeuge
DE8803564U1 (de) Zusammenlegbare Warneinrichtung
DE19702578C2 (de) Warnleuchte
DE4210967A1 (de) Lichtzeichenanlage
DE3434341C1 (de) Fahrbare Lichtwarn- und Leitvorrichtung für den Straßenverkehr
DE3307244C2 (fr)
DE102022104333B3 (de) Halterung zum Halten einer Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen-Platine in einer Ladestation und Ladestation
DE2910924C2 (de) Leuchtstofflampen-Fassung mit einem schwenkbar damit verbundenen Abschlußdeckel für einen Leuchtenkörper
EP2469162B1 (fr) Dispositif de support pour une lampe
DE2410016A1 (de) Aufhaengeanordnung fuer bilder und aehnliche ausstellungsgegenstaende mit elektrischer armatur
DE706730C (de) Fahrtrichtungsanzeiger, insbesondere fuer Fahr- und Motorraeder
DE4306368A1 (de) Allzweckleuchtengehäuse
DE19814020C1 (de) Leuchte
EP0225557A2 (fr) Appareil indicateur lumineux pour véhicule
DE2921392A1 (de) Leuchtbake mit batteriebetrieb
DE911458C (de) Laternenhalter fuer Fuhrwerke
EP3640408A1 (fr) Dispositif de fixation pour stores dans des bâtiments
DE202016101703U1 (de) Leuchtmodul
DE7008576U (de) Elektrisch-optische warneinrichtung zur absperrung von strassen.
DE8702527U1 (de) Verkehrsleuchte
DE9303858U1 (de) Allzweckleuchtengehäuse
DE202018000444U1 (de) Solarleuchte
DE102018000677A1 (de) Solarleuchte

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT DE FR

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WEBER, JOSEF

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LANGBRANDNER, JOSEF

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19940506

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950815

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19971126

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 160606

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19971215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59307723

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980108

EN Fr: translation not filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980519

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19981130

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000301