EP0569025A2 - Système et installation anti-incendies automatiques - Google Patents

Système et installation anti-incendies automatiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0569025A2
EP0569025A2 EP93107454A EP93107454A EP0569025A2 EP 0569025 A2 EP0569025 A2 EP 0569025A2 EP 93107454 A EP93107454 A EP 93107454A EP 93107454 A EP93107454 A EP 93107454A EP 0569025 A2 EP0569025 A2 EP 0569025A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
extinguishing device
combustion products
heat
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93107454A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0569025A3 (en
EP0569025B1 (fr
Inventor
Zinovy Petrovich Pak
Nikolai Alexeevich Krivosheev
Evgeny Fedorovich Zhegrov
Leonid Dmitrievich Ivankov
Leonid Mikhailovich Yastrebov
Anatoly Mikhailovich Nesterov
Margarita Ivanovna Mikhailova
Inessa Borisovna Khalilova
Valentin Efimovich Telepchenkov
Nina Alexandrovna Rodina
Galina Nikolaevna Chui
Alexandr Ivanovich Doronichev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
Original Assignee
LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SU5041355 external-priority patent/RU2001646C1/ru
Priority claimed from RU93013482A external-priority patent/RU2064305C1/ru
Application filed by LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ" filed Critical LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
Publication of EP0569025A2 publication Critical patent/EP0569025A2/fr
Publication of EP0569025A3 publication Critical patent/EP0569025A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0569025B1 publication Critical patent/EP0569025B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fire extinguishing agents, in particular a fire extinguishing device and an automatic fire extinguishing system.
  • a fire extinguishing device in the form of a powder fire extinguisher comprising a container with highly disperse powdered fire extinguishing agent (fire extinguishing agent) and a generator for generating a flow of flow medium, designed in the form of a compressed gas bottle with a shut-off valve, which contains either compressed gas or liquid carbon dioxide .
  • a shut-off valve which contains either compressed gas or liquid carbon dioxide .
  • Powder based on phosphorus ammonium salts, sodium carbonates and bicarbonates, sodium chlorides and potassium chlorides, oxamides, aluminum trihydroxides etc. are used as fire extinguishing agents in such fire extinguishers.
  • the fire extinguishing plant can be different. It is possible to use both physical and chemical fire fighting factors or a combination thereof.
  • the physical factors of fire fighting include the removal of flame heat due to heat losses during the heating and vaporization of powder particles and the isolation of the flame source from oxygen in the atmosphere, ie the formation of a Protective layer preventing the entry of oxygen on burning surfaces.
  • Silica, copper, barium, magnesium oxides and other inert substances are used as fire extinguishing agents that combat the burning by means of a physical factor.
  • the chemical factors of fire fighting include flame cooling due to heat loss when the fire extinguishing agent is broken down, as well as the delay in burning by binding the polymerization nuclei of the chain reactions of oxidation that take place on the burning surface.
  • Potassium or sodium sulfates, potassium chromate, barium nitrate, aluminum, potassium, sodium or ammonium chlorides, potassium bromide, potassium or sodium carbonates, etc., which are chemical inhibitors, are used as fire extinguishing agents which combat the burning by means of a chemical factor.
  • Fire extinguishing powder is considered universal when extinguishing fire, including when extinguishing various mechanical, electrical equipment, etc., when water and other means cannot be used.
  • the fire extinguishing powders are low in toxicity or contain no toxins at all and have a wide temperature range when used.
  • the fire extinguishing powders are characterized by an increased tendency to absorb moisture, agglomeration and consequently to form lumps and have a relatively high (1.4-1.8 kg / m2) fire extinguishing concentration.
  • a fire extinguishing device in the form of a powder fire extinguisher with a generator for generating a flow of flow medium containing a combustion chamber, in the interior of which a main charge of solid fuel is accommodated, which is in the form of a cylinder with a through opening is executed.
  • a gas line which is a perforated metal tube, is arranged inside the through opening, and a small charge of solid fuel is attached to one end thereof. There is a detonator near this.
  • the smaller charge burns off with solid fuel and the gases, as they penetrate the fire extinguisher housing via the gas line, provide an additional blowing up (flocculation) of the fire extinguishing agent.
  • the main charge of solid fuel is ignited by burning the smaller charge and the main flow of gas enters the fire extinguisher housing through the openings in the gas line and blows out temporarily flocculated fire extinguishing agent into the combustion zone.
  • Such a generator design for generating the flowing medium flow allows the gas flow to form without the use of high-pressure devices and to temporarily flocculate the fire extinguishing agent. which ensures complete powder atomization.
  • the reliability and fast action of such a generator for generating fluid medium flows is significantly higher than that of a generator in the form of a high-pressure bottle.
  • a fire-fighting device in the form of powder fire extinguishers with a generator for generating the flow of fluid medium, comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber with a solid charge and an igniter is accommodated, and a coolant for cooling the Combustion products, designed in the form of a labyrinth channel, which is formed by three interconnected coaxially arranged chambers. Tangential nozzles are provided on the side surfaces of the chamber with the smaller diameter and the middle chamber contains a powdery heat-absorbing substance.
  • the solid charge burns and hot gaseous combustion products penetrate the labyrinth channel at high speed.
  • the gases are partially cooled down all the way through the labyrinth channel by heat exchange with the chamber walls.
  • the flow of the partially cooled gas divides into two flows, one of which comes into the middle chamber with powdered heat-absorbing material, takes it with it, while it returns a part of the heat to it, and a second Flow gets eddy into the exit of the middle chamber through tangentially arranged nozzles. This is where the first flow comes with the entrained particles of the powdery heat-absorbing substance and when this two-phase flow advances, an intensive heat exchange of the gas with the powder and the chamber walls takes place. As the powder absorbs heat, it breaks down to form gaseous products. Cooled gases get into the powder fire extinguisher.
  • This design of the generator for generating a flow of flow medium by the presence of a coolant for cooling the combustion products allows a cooled gas stream to be generated which, when the powdery fire extinguishing agent is atomized, does not cause its sintering, agglomeration and premature decay.
  • a generator for generating a flow of fluid through the release of gaseous products upon the breakdown of a heat-absorbing powder ensures the production of gaseous combustion products in large quantities, which transport powdered fire extinguishing agents to the fire site.
  • the generator described for generating a flow of flow medium like all the others, cannot in and of itself be used for fire extinguishing and can only be used together with a powder fire extinguisher; this device therefore has all the shortcomings of the powder extinguishers listed.
  • the specified construction is complicated, robust and requires a lot of material because, in addition to the generator for generating the flow of flow medium with a coolant of large dimensions for cooling the combustion products, it also contains a fire extinguisher with fire extinguishing powder.
  • this aerosol-forming composition as a solid charge in the device according to USSR no. 1475685 is used, the aerosol forming during the combustion of the solid charge, settling through the labyrinth channel, will settle on the walls of the coaxially arranged chambers and consequently the aerosol composition will disintegrate before it has reached the fire site.
  • Automatic fire extinguishing systems are used to automate the fire extinguishing process and increase the operational reliability of the fire extinguishing devices.
  • An automatic fire extinguishing system (Jp, B, 6250151) is known, containing fire extinguishing devices with their start initiators, temperature sensors and a controllable switch. Each temperature sensor corresponds to at least one fire extinguishing device.
  • a controllable switch has two groups of analog changeover switches, a counter and a multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors. The inputs of the first group of analog switches are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors; the outputs of the first switch group are connected to the outputs of a multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors.
  • the inputs of the second group of analog change-over switches are connected to the outputs of the multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors and the outputs of the second switch group are connected to the start initiators of the fire extinguishing devices.
  • the control inputs of both groups of analog switches are connected to a counter.
  • the counter sends the control signals to the changeover switches to close them.
  • the change-over switch is closed, the signals from the temperature sensors are sent to the multi-stage comparison block, where they are compared with a calibration signal. If a signal from the temperature transmitter exceeds the calibration signal, the comparison block forms a control signal for the start initiator of the relevant fire extinguishing device.
  • the signal from the temperature sensor increases and begins to surpass the calibration signal; the control signal for the start initiator of the relevant fire extinguishing devices is hereby given.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a fire extinguishing device which has a construction which is adapted to the use of the composition which ensures spatial fire extinguishing and which is harmless in handling, and an automatic fire extinguishing system using such a device to create that is highly reliable and that responds in the event of a temperature sensor failure or a malfunction in the feed system.
  • a coolant for cooling the combustion products is carried out in the form of a layer of heat-absorbing material in the fire-extinguishing device, comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber with a solid charge and an igniter located in the vicinity thereof is accommodated and behind the combustion chamber in the exit direction of the combustion products is arranged, according to the invention the solid charge is made of an aerosol-forming composition, the combustion chamber space exceeds by at least 30% the volume of the solid charge which is accommodated in the combustion chamber, forming a free space from a layer of heat-absorbing material, behind the layer of heat-absorbing material in Sequence of the combustion products an outlet means for the exit of the combustion products is arranged with openings which are connected to the combustion chamber by means of passages in the layer of heat-absorbing material.
  • this agent in the form of a plate with openings, each dimension of which is at least 1.5 mm.
  • a network with 1.5-25 mm cells near the plate.
  • a spacer a spreader
  • metal particles For use in small-scale devices, it is advantageous to use metal particles as bulk material.
  • particles from natural minerals As native minerals, it is preferred to use gravel, aluminosilicates or oxides.
  • particles of a polymer composition with at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler as the bulk material.
  • a polymer composition it is advantageous to use a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized polymer and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture made of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component with high heat capacity and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer, a component with high Use heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect.
  • the particles of the polymer composition in the form of grains or cut tubes with a diameter of 3 to 25 mm, it being advantageous for the grain or tube length to be in the range from 0 To choose 5 to 2.5 of their diameters.
  • the coolant In order to enable the coolant to be used to cool the combustion products, which corresponds to any characteristic values, it is preferred to use a mixture of metal particles, particles of natural mineral and particles of a polymer composition as the filler, which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95 Mass.% Filler, taken in any combination and ratio, contains.
  • the bulk material In order to achieve an additional fire extinguishing effect, it is advantageous for some of the bulk material to contain particles of an aerosol-forming composition, the mass of aerosol-forming composition being 0.1-0.4 of the bulk material mass.
  • the layer of heat-absorbing material in order to increase the operational reliability of the fire extinguishing device under the action of sustained vibration loads, it is preferred to design the layer of heat-absorbing material as a bundle of a plurality of tubes which are oriented in the exit direction for the exit of the combustion products, extend over the entire length of the layer and in this layer form passages which connect the openings of the outlet means for the exit of the combustion products with the combustion chamber, the cross-sectional size of the passage of each tube preferably being between 1.5-30 mm and the coolant for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber a second outlet means with openings, analogous to the first outlet means, is to be separated.
  • the layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a monoblock made of hard material with passages in the layer of heat-absorbing material which connect the openings of the outlet means for the escape of the combustion products to the combustion chamber and are designed in the form of channels in the monoblock , the cross-sectional size of each channel is conveniently between 1.5-30 mm.
  • the bundle can be formed from a multiplicity of tubes or the monoblock from a polymer composition which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler.
  • the polymer composition a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high heat capacity or a mixture of plasticized polymer and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component with a high heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer, a component with a high heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic Use decomposition effect.
  • an automatic fire extinguishing system containing at least one fire extinguishing device with its start initiators, a power source is connected by a normally interrupted controllable switch, the control input of which is connected to the output of the temperature sensor, the inventive fire extinguishing device Solid charge with aerosol-forming composition, which is housed in the combustion chamber, and has a coolant for cooling the combustion products, that the starting initiator for starting the fire extinguishing device is in the form of an igniter for the solid charge and a reserve power source is available in Form of a capacitor connected in parallel to the main supply by a protective diode.
  • the spatial fire extinguishing mechanism is ensured in the absence of the flame at the outlet of the device.
  • no additional fire extinguishing agents in the form of powder or liquid need be used with this device.
  • the device is also characterized by its simple construction, small size, high fire-extinguishing effectiveness and accessibility of the materials that can be used.
  • the proposed automatic fire extinguishing system has increased reliability and safe operation due to its simple construction, the presence of a reserve supply and assured response of the system in the event of a permanent power failure.
  • a fire extinguishing device which contains a housing 1, in which a combustion chamber 2, a coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products and an outlet means 4 for exiting the combustion products with openings 5 are located.
  • the housing 1 can be made of any solid heat-resistant material such as steel, aluminum or thermostable plastic.
  • the shape of the housing 1 is also arbitrary, for example cylindrical, in the form of a multiple prism with equilateral polygons in baselines, etc.
  • a solid charge 6 is accommodated, which is made of any known aerosol-forming composition.
  • an aerosol forming composition e.g. a mixture of 40-70% by mass of potassium nitrate, 5-15% by mass of carbon and plasticized nitrocellulose as the remainder, a mixture of 25-85% by mass of halogen compound, 15-45% by mass of sodium or potassium chlorate or perchlorate and 3 -50% by mass epoxy resin or other known aerosol-forming compositions can be used.
  • the combustion chamber space 2 is dimensioned such that it is at least 1.3% of the content of the solid charge, the solid charge 6 being arranged in the combustion chamber 2 in such a way that a space 7 is formed from one side of the combustion chamber 2.
  • This free space 7 is necessary in order to get a stable burning of the solid charge 6, consisting of an aerosol-forming composition, in the initial phase. If the size of the free space 7 is less than 0.3 of the content of the solid charge 6, no conditions are created to completely burn the aerosol-forming composition, which leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of the device due to a reduced amount of aerosol and to an increase in the amount of toxin-containing substances (CO , NO, aldehydes etc.) in the aerosol produced.
  • toxin-containing substances CO , NO, aldehydes etc.
  • the solid charge 6 is fastened in the housing 1 in any known method, for example by executing profiled warts on the walls of the housing 1.
  • An igniter 8 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 in the vicinity of the solid charge 6.
  • the igniter 8 can be placed directly on the surface of the solid charge, which is in contact with the free space 7, or in a specially predetermined cavity, which is carried out in the solid charge 6, or can be attached to the walls of the housing 1, etc.
  • the igniter 8 can be in the form of known electrical igniter e.g. a metal spiral, connected to a power source with 10-40 V DC.
  • a power source with 10-40 V DC.
  • an additional coarse-grained smoke powder initiator can be used, which is arranged in the vicinity of the spiral and, if appropriate, is connected to a current source with 3-12 V direct current.
  • the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products rests on the side of the combustion chamber 2, where the free space 7 is formed.
  • the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products is designed in the form of a layer of heat-absorbing material in which passages 9 for passing the combustion products are formed.
  • an outlet means 4 for the exit of the combustion products with openings 5 is arranged, which retains the coolant 3 in the housing 1 and allows the combustion products to exit the device without hindrance.
  • the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is in the range of 0.25-0.7 from the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material. If the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, there is an increased swirling of the flow of the combustion products and accordingly an increased resistance to the passage of the current through the layer of heat-absorbing material. As a result, there are large aerosol losses and impaired operating functions of the device.
  • the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is more than 0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, then effective cooling of the combustion products is not guaranteed.
  • the summed opening area (openings 5) of the outlet means 4 for the exit of the combustion products is dimensioned such that it is at least 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material. This size is taken based on the same considerations as the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material.
  • the outlet means 4 for the outlet of the combustion products can be designed in the form of a plate with openings 5, as shown in FIG. 1, or in the form of a combination of the plate of openings 5 and a network of cells 10, FIG.
  • passages are to be formed in the latter, the dimensions of which enable the combustion products to exit the device without hindrance and at the same time secure the coolant 3 in the housing 1.
  • the size of the passages is determined by the size of the openings 5.
  • the size of the passages is determined by the size of the cells 10.
  • each passage of the exit means 4 for the exit of the combustion products should be at least 1.5 mm in the first embodiment and within 1.5-25.0 mm in the second. If the dimensions of the Passages are less than 1.5 mm, the passages become blocked with aerosol particles and accordingly the operation of the device is impaired. In some cases it is not expedient to take the sizes of the passages more than a certain value, for example> 3.0 mm or> 25.0 mm, for the reasons which will be explained in the following, and those with definitive design variants of the coolant 3 Cooling the combustion products are connected. Accordingly, the sizes of the openings 5 of the plate in the first embodiment of the outlet means 4 should be at least 1.5 mm. In the second embodiment variant of the outlet means 4, the sizes of the openings 5 of the plate should be at least 1.5 mm and the sizes of the cells 10 of the network should be in the range of 1.5-25.0 mm.
  • the volume of the layer of heat-absorbing material is usually 0.3-5.0 of the content of the solid charge 6. If the volume of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.3 of the content of the solid charge 6, a sufficient temperature reduction of the combustion products is not guaranteed. In this case, the flame that arises when the solid charge 6 burns can escape from the device and ignite nearby flammable objects.
  • the aerosol will settle inside as it passes through the layer of heat-absorbing material, reducing the operational effectiveness of the device.
  • a spacer in the form of a ring 11 (FIG. 3) or in the form of a spring 12 (FIG. 4) can be set up in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the layer of heat-absorbing material can be in the form of bulk material (FIG. 5) with a size of the particles 13 from 3 to 25 mm.
  • the outlet means 14 can also be designed in the form of a plate with openings 5 or in the form of a combination of the plate with openings 5 and a network of cells 10 adjoining it.
  • the total area of the passages in the outlet means 14 and their mass are measured based on the same considerations as for the first outlet means 4, i.e. that the sizes of the passages ensure an unimpeded discharge of the combustion products from the device and a secure fixation of the coolant 3 in the housing 1.
  • the maximum size of the passages in the outlet means 4, 14 when bulk material is used as a layer of heat-absorbing material with, for example, 3 or 25 mm of the same particles should not exceed 3 mm or 25 mm, in so far as the particles 13 heat-absorbing material can fall through the passages of the outlet means 4 and 14 or be discharged from the device with the flow of the combustion products.
  • the passages 9 are formed in the layer of heat-absorbing material by the particles 13 lying tightly against one another. If particles 13 smaller than 3 mm are used, the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, consequently the too tight packing of the particles will prevent aerosol leakage.
  • the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is more than 0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material Materials; effective cooling of the combustion products is therefore not ensured in the coolant 3 and consequently it is possible for the flame to escape from the device.
  • Metal particles can be used as bulk material. Operating waste such as e.g. Metal chips or shredded scrap used. Because the metal particles have a high heat capacity and consequently a high heat absorption, they are very suitable for use. When using the metal particles in devices of large dimensions, their sintering can be observed because of the large specific weight of these particles and the high temperature of the combustion products. It is therefore advisable to use these in small-scale devices e.g. to protect small building spaces.
  • Particles from native mineral can also be used as bulk material.
  • the particles of native mineral as well as the metal particles with a comparatively high heat capacity can grind under the influence of vibration loads, which takes place with a considerable reduction in the particle size. For this reason, fire extinguishing devices with a layer of heat-absorbing material made from natural minerals are usually used under stationary conditions. Gravel, aluminosilicates, oxides etc. are used as natural minerals.
  • the metal particles which are industrial waste, as well as the natural minerals, such as gravel, are used to make the construction of the fire extinguishing device cheaper.
  • particles of a polymer composition containing at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler are used as the filler.
  • Plasticized cellulose ethers nitrocellulose, Acetyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose etc.
  • plasticized synthetic polymer a component with a high heat capacity (metals, oxides, natural minerals etc.) and / or a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect (oxamides, oxalates, metal carbonates etc.).
  • the content of the components is chosen based on the operational requirements put forward with the device. If e.g. a fire extinguishing device is intended for use in means of transport, i.e. is subjected to persistent vibrations with sudden temperature drops, then increased demands are placed on the heat-absorbing material according to its strength values. High mechanical strength is guaranteed by an increased (25-40%) binder content. In this case the filler content decreases, i.e. the component that brings about the cooling effect, and consequently the effectiveness of the coolant for cooling the combustion products decreases.
  • the filler content heat-cooling component
  • the binder content as a minimum (5-20%).
  • the use of the polymer compositions which contain a component which decomposes at a relatively low temperature (160 ° -200 ° C.) with a high endothermic effect as filler is more effective than the use of an irreplaceable component which has high heat capacity because when the component is used With a high endothermic decomposition effect, the combustion products are cooled under the influence of two factors: - from a physical - through heat losses for heating the particles of a polymer composition - and - from a chemical factor - through heat loss for the decomposition of the given component.
  • the particles of a polymer composition are used in the form of grains or cut tubes.
  • the grains and cut tubes are semi-finished products that are used in the manufacture of various products from polymer compositions; their production does not cause any procedural difficulties, which considerably reduces the device costs.
  • the grains have a large outer surface, which is why the passage of maximum amounts of aerosol through the layer of heat-absorbing material is ensured with maximum contact with the particle surface of the layer and accordingly a high degree of cooling of the aerosols is achieved.
  • Cut tubes have a more developed area, which increases the effect of aerosol cooling.
  • a mixture of metal particles, particles of native mineral and particles of a polymer composition, taken in various combinations and ratios, which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler can be used as bulk material. This makes it possible to carry out the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, which corresponds to the required characteristic values (reduced price costs, reduced weight, increased strength, heat and vibration resistance, etc.). In order to achieve an additional fire extinguishing effect, a bulk part of the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products of this device can contain particles of aerosol-forming composition.
  • the particle size of the aerosol-forming composition is taken in the range from 3 to 25 mm, starting from the above-mentioned considerations.
  • the additional fire-extinguishing effect is achieved in this case by decomposing the particles of aerosol-forming composition when hot fire-extinguishing aerosol passes through the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, as a result of which additional amounts of aerosol are formed.
  • the particle mass of aerosol-forming composition in the bulk material is usually 0.1-0.4 of the total mass of bulk material. If the mass of the particles of aerosol-forming composition is less than 0.1 of the total mass of the bulk material, the additional fire extinguishing effect is negligible. If the mass of the particles of aerosol-forming composition is more than 0.4 of the total mass of the bulk material, the cooling effect for cooling the combustion products decreases and the device itself can be an ignition source.
  • the layer of heat-absorbing material can be in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 (FIGS. 6, 7), in Direction of exit of the combustion products and extends over the entire layer length.
  • the passages 16 in the layer of heat-absorbing material are formed by the passages within the tubes 15 and by the passages 16 between the tubes 15.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the passages 16 of the tubes 15 are dimensioned in such a way that the condition is maintained: -
  • the total cross-sectional area of the passages of the layer of heat-absorbing material should be within 0.25-0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.
  • the actual size of the tubes 15 and their number depends on the dimensions of the device. For the reasons mentioned above, the inside diameter of the tubes should not be less than 1.5 mm. It is not expedient to choose the cross-sectional size of the passage of each tube 15 more than 30 mm, because in this case an effective cooling of the combustion products is not guaranteed.
  • Optimal for a fire extinguishing device with an inner diameter of 69 mm is e.g. the execution of the layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a bundle of 85 tubes with an outer diameter of 6.5 mm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm, set up in the longitudinal direction of the device axis.
  • the area of free passage of the tube bundle mentioned is approximately 0.3 from the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.
  • the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber 2 is passed through a second outlet means 14 for leaving the combustion products with openings 5; 10, analogous to the first exit means.
  • the outlet means 14 is in the form of a combination of the plate with openings 5 and of the network with cells 10 attached to this plate, which ensures a secure fixation of the coolant 3 and an unobstructed escape of aerosol from the device.
  • the design of the coolant 3 in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 ensures its strength under the action of sustained vibration loads.
  • the lack of such an embodiment of the coolant 3 is that the insertion of the tubes 15 into the housing 1 is labor-intensive.
  • the coolant 3 in the form of a monoblock 17 (FIGS. 8, 9) is made of hard material.
  • the passages 18 in the layer of heat-absorbing material, which connect the openings of the outlet means 4 to the combustion chamber 2 are formed in the form of channels in the monoblock 17.
  • the cross-sectional size of each channel in the monoblock 17 is dimensioned in exactly the same way as the size of the passages 9, 10 of the coolant 3 when it is designed in the form of bulk material 13 or a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15.
  • a polymer composition which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler is usually used as the material for the tubes 15 and for a monoblock 17.
  • the component content of the composition is taken based on the same considerations as for the layer of heat-absorbing material, which is in the form of Bulk material 13 is made of particles of a polymer composition.
  • coolant 3 in the form of a monoblock 17 is that with an increased (80-95%) filler content and a reduced (5-20%) binder content, the composition has poor procedural properties and that difficulties arise when shaping the monoblock 17 with through openings.
  • the fire extinguishing devices with the coolant 3, which is in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 or a monoblock 17, are practically unlimited in their use. When using large fire extinguishing devices and in order to simplify the process of the solid charge 6, this can be carried out in the form of a few individual fire elements 19 (FIG. 10).
  • the inner surface of the combustion chamber 2 (FIG. 11) is shielded in some cases by a seal 20 made of heat-absorbing material at least 1 mm thick.
  • a heat absorbing material for the seal 20 e.g. Asbestos or glass fiber reinforced plastic can be used.
  • a composition that is identical in composition to the heat-absorbing material of the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products can be used as the heat-absorbing material for the seal 20.
  • the seal 20 can e.g. in the form of a rolled strip of material containing a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect.
  • the heat insulating Seal 20 below 1 mm thick does not provide effective shielding of the housing 1.
  • the solid charge 6 (FIG. 12) is to be accommodated in the central part of the combustion chamber 2 with the formation of free spaces 7, 21 on both sides of the solid charge 6.
  • the device contains a second coolant 22 for cooling the combustion products and a second outlet means 23 for discharging the combustion products, which are arranged analogously to the first means and symmetrically arranged accordingly.
  • FIG 13 shows the basic circuit diagram of the automatic fire extinguishing system according to the invention.
  • the system has at least one fire extinguishing device 24 (a large number in the present example), described above, which contains a solid charge 6 of aerosol-forming composition accommodated in the combustion chamber, a coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, an exit means 4 for the exit of the combustion products and one Detonator 8 contains the solid charge 6.
  • a fire extinguishing device 24 (a large number in the present example), described above, which contains a solid charge 6 of aerosol-forming composition accommodated in the combustion chamber, a coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, an exit means 4 for the exit of the combustion products and one Detonator 8 contains the solid charge 6.
  • fire extinguishing devices 24 In the presence of some fire extinguishing devices 24, these are connected to a power source 25 in parallel.
  • the igniters 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24 are connected to the power source by at least one controllable switch 26.
  • the 30-40 V DC supply is usually used as a current source 25.
  • controllable switch 26 Any microswitch that has a control input can be used as the controllable switch 26.
  • Several controllable switches 26 are connected in parallel with one another, in the normal state they are interrupted; the power line of the detonators 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24 is also switched off accordingly. If only one controllable switch 26 is connected, the power line (supply) of the detonators is also closed.
  • each switch 26 is connected to the output 29 of the corresponding temperature sensor 28.
  • the temperature sensors 28 are mounted in the places where a fire can most likely form. The number of temperature sensors in the system depends on the space of the object to be protected.
  • buttons 30 of the system starter are connected in series to the circuit of the power source 25 and to the switches 26 connected in parallel, ie the response of all fire extinguishing devices 24 takes place either by pressing both buttons 30 of the system starter or when the control signal from the output 29 of the temperature sensor 28 is signaled for at least one controllable switch 26.
  • Any temperature sensor with an inertia of up to 1 second, which always gives a signal that is proportional to the ambient temperature at the output, or a sensor that responds when a certain temperature value is exceeded can be used as the temperature sensor 28.
  • An auxiliary power source is provided in the system, which is designed in the form of a capacitor 31, which is connected in parallel to the main power source 25 by a protective diode 32.
  • the capacitor 31 When the main current source 25 is switched on, the capacitor 31 is in the charged state and is charged up to the voltage level of the main current source 25.
  • the protective diode 32 serves to preclude capacitor discharge of the capacitor 31 if the main current source 25 fails.
  • the presence of capacitor 31 and protection diode 32 allows the system to function within 30 minutes after the main power source 25 fails.
  • a fast-acting timing fuse 33 is usually a cord with a linear transmission rate of heat pulses of 80 to 300 mm / s.
  • a cord based on nitrocellulose, plasticized by azide plasticizers, etc. can be used.
  • the cord 33 is placed at the locations where a fire can most likely form.
  • the fire extinguishing device shown in Figures 1-12 works as follows:
  • the power source is switched on and direct current is fed to the igniter. After the direct current is applied to the igniter 8, the solid charge 6 is ignited.
  • the solid charge 6 hot gaseous and highly disperse (approx. 1 mkm) condensed combustion products are formed, which have the retarding properties and the aerosol (floating mixture condensed combustion products in gas).
  • This aerosol is a fire extinguishing agent (agent).
  • cooled aerosol comes out of the fire extinguishing device, fills the building space to be protected or the machine department and suppresses the chain reactions of the oxidation, thereby bringing about the spatial fire extinguishing mechanism.
  • the system works as follows. If ignition occurs in the building room or the machine department to be protected from fire, a control signal exceeding the response signal of the controllable switch 26 goes from the output 29 of at least one temperature sensor 28 to the control input 27 of the controllable switch 26.
  • the controllable switch 26 closes the circuit of the supply of the Detonators 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24, as a result of which these devices respond.
  • the voltage in the system will be maintained by capacitor 31 within 30 minutes. If no temperature sensor 28 has responded, the system can be started manually by closing the two buttons 30 on the hand starter. If the If the supply is switched off for a long time or the temperature sensors do not respond, the system responds by igniting the cord 33 when the flame comes into direct contact with the fast-acting timing fuse 33. In this case, the igniter 8 is not required because the solid charge 6 of the fire extinguishing device is ignited directly by the cord 33.
  • An automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle.
  • the volume of the engine compartment was 0.5 m3.
  • the construction with a cylindrical steel housing and inner diameter of 52 mm, 80 mm high was used as the fire extinguishing device.
  • the diameter of the solid charge was 18 mm.
  • the mass of the aerosol-forming composition was 60 g.
  • the burning time of the aerosol forming composition was 8 seconds.
  • the coolant for cooling the combustion products was in the form of bulk material (gravel) with an average particle size of approx. 10 mm.
  • the exit means for the exit of the combustion products were arranged in the form of plates 1.5 mm thick with openings of 4 mm in diameter on both sides of the coolant for cooling the combustion products. The number of openings was 35 in each plate.
  • the fire extinguishing concentration of the aerosol was tentatively calculated according to known methodology under conditions that the fire is extinguished within 5 seconds.
  • the concentration was 30 g / m3.
  • the multiple of an air change was determined experimentally and was 0.86 m3 / s.
  • the supply value for aerosol losses was 2 due to leaks in the engine compartment.
  • 4 fire extinguishing devices were housed at different locations in the engine compartment of the motor vehicle. According to the test results, their optimal arrangement was defined, which can be ensured by swirling the aerosol flow, its uniform distribution over the entire volume of the engine compartment in a minimal period of time.
  • a temperature sensor was used as a temperature sensor, which contained a microswitch in its housing.
  • the vehicle battery with 12 V voltage was used as the power source.
  • the vehicle engine was doused with gasoline. At various points in the engine compartment, petrol tanks were housed as additional fireplaces. The total amount of petrol was 400 ml.
  • the vehicle movement was modeled by supplying compressed air to the radiator from the compressor with air pressure of 1.5 at. (5 m3 compressed air consumption).
  • the gasoline was lit; after it broke out in full flames, the hood was closed. Due to the action of the flames, the temperature sensor responded, the circuit closed, the power from the power source was fed to the detonators, which set the solid charges in the fire extinguishing devices on fire. After the hood was closed, the shimmer and tongues of the flame were observed through the radiator blind.
  • the aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composition was ignited, the space under the hood was filled with a lot of white smoke (ie aerosol) that came out through the blinds. The composition burned within 8 seconds, but that fireplaces in the engine compartment were extinguished within 3-5 seconds from the time the fire extinguishing system was put into operation. After the hood was opened, unburned gasoline was observed in the containers when the engine was inspected.
  • test conditions were chosen exactly as in example 1.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP19930107454 1992-05-08 1993-05-07 Système et installation anti-incendies automatiques Expired - Lifetime EP0569025B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU5041355 RU2001646C1 (ru) 1992-05-08 1992-05-08 Автоматическа установка аэрозольного пожаротушени
SU5041355 1992-05-08
SU13482 1993-03-17
RU93013482A RU2064305C1 (ru) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Устройство для пожаротушения

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0569025A2 true EP0569025A2 (fr) 1993-11-10
EP0569025A3 EP0569025A3 (en) 1994-06-08
EP0569025B1 EP0569025B1 (fr) 1997-02-26

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DE (1) DE59305510D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2101158T3 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995032761A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Generateur d'extinction d'incendie muni d'un boitier
DE4439798A1 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
EP0738524A2 (fr) 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
DE19546251C1 (de) * 1995-12-12 1997-04-24 Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie Löschgasgenerator
WO1997021467A1 (fr) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Extincteur produisant un aerosol
DE19546525A1 (de) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag Aerosolerzeugender Feuerlöschgenerator
WO1998028040A1 (fr) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-02 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Vehicule dote d'un dispositif extincteur
DE19909083A1 (de) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-03 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden
WO2008086680A1 (fr) 2007-01-05 2008-07-24 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Appareil d'extinction d'incendie a pulverisation d'aerosol horizontale bidirectionnelle
KR100932098B1 (ko) 2006-11-07 2009-12-16 고려화공 주식회사 소화에어로졸 발생기
EP2441497A1 (fr) * 2009-06-08 2012-04-18 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Dispositif de lutte contre l'incendie sous forme d'aérosol chaud
EP2444125A1 (fr) * 2009-11-20 2012-04-25 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Appareil d'allumage à pulvérisation bidirectionnelle utilisé pour un dispositif à base d'aérosol chaud pour éteindre les incendies

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US3972820A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-08-03 The Dow Chemical Company Fire extinguishing composition
DE2838316A1 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-13 Hammargren & Co Ab Feuerloescher
US4276938A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-07-07 Klimenko Alexandr S Method and appliance for fire extinguishing in enclosed compartment
WO1993015793A1 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-08-19 Unipas, Inc. Extincteur et procede d'utilisation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972820A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-08-03 The Dow Chemical Company Fire extinguishing composition
DE2838316A1 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-13 Hammargren & Co Ab Feuerloescher
US4276938A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-07-07 Klimenko Alexandr S Method and appliance for fire extinguishing in enclosed compartment
WO1993015793A1 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-08-19 Unipas, Inc. Extincteur et procede d'utilisation

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995032761A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Generateur d'extinction d'incendie muni d'un boitier
DE4439798A1 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
EP0711579A2 (fr) 1994-11-08 1996-05-15 Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
EP0738524A3 (fr) * 1995-04-20 1997-11-26 TOTAL WALTHER GmbH, Feuerschutz und Sicherheit Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
EP0738524A2 (fr) 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
DE19514532A1 (de) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
DE19514532C2 (de) * 1995-04-20 1999-04-08 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
US5806603A (en) * 1995-04-20 1998-09-15 Total Walther Feuerschutz Gmbh Fire extinguishing device
DE19546251C1 (de) * 1995-12-12 1997-04-24 Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie Löschgasgenerator
WO1997021467A1 (fr) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Extincteur produisant un aerosol
DE19546528A1 (de) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag Aerosolerzeugender Feuerlöschgenerator
DE19546525A1 (de) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag Aerosolerzeugender Feuerlöschgenerator
WO1998028040A1 (fr) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-02 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Vehicule dote d'un dispositif extincteur
DE19909083A1 (de) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-03 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden
DE19909083C2 (de) * 1998-07-30 2002-03-14 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden
KR100932098B1 (ko) 2006-11-07 2009-12-16 고려화공 주식회사 소화에어로졸 발생기
WO2008086680A1 (fr) 2007-01-05 2008-07-24 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Appareil d'extinction d'incendie a pulverisation d'aerosol horizontale bidirectionnelle
EP2143471A1 (fr) * 2007-01-05 2010-01-13 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Appareil d'extinction d'incendie a pulverisation d'aerosol horizontale bidirectionnelle
EP2143471A4 (fr) * 2007-01-05 2010-01-27 Shaanxi J & R Fire Fighting Co Appareil d'extinction d'incendie a pulverisation d'aerosol horizontale bidirectionnelle
US8413733B2 (en) 2007-01-05 2013-04-09 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd. Bi-directional horizontal spraying aerosol fire-extinguishing apparatus
EP2441497A1 (fr) * 2009-06-08 2012-04-18 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Dispositif de lutte contre l'incendie sous forme d'aérosol chaud
EP2441497A4 (fr) * 2009-06-08 2013-07-03 Shaanxi J & R Fire Fighting Co Dispositif de lutte contre l'incendie sous forme d'aérosol chaud
RU2492889C2 (ru) * 2009-06-08 2013-09-20 Шэньси Джей энд Ар Фаер Файтинг Ко., Лтд Устройство пожаротушения с горячим аэрозолем
EP2444125A1 (fr) * 2009-11-20 2012-04-25 Shaanxi J&R Fire Fighting Co., Ltd Appareil d'allumage à pulvérisation bidirectionnelle utilisé pour un dispositif à base d'aérosol chaud pour éteindre les incendies
EP2444125A4 (fr) * 2009-11-20 2013-07-17 Shaanxi J & R Fire Fighting Co Appareil d'allumage à pulvérisation bidirectionnelle utilisé pour un dispositif à base d'aérosol chaud pour éteindre les incendies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0569025A3 (en) 1994-06-08
ES2101158T3 (es) 1997-07-01
DE59305510D1 (de) 1997-04-03
EP0569025B1 (fr) 1997-02-26

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