EP0520342B1 - Véhicule de mesure - Google Patents

Véhicule de mesure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0520342B1
EP0520342B1 EP92110434A EP92110434A EP0520342B1 EP 0520342 B1 EP0520342 B1 EP 0520342B1 EP 92110434 A EP92110434 A EP 92110434A EP 92110434 A EP92110434 A EP 92110434A EP 0520342 B1 EP0520342 B1 EP 0520342B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
measuring vehicle
frame
track
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92110434A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0520342A1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Theurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Original Assignee
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH filed Critical Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Publication of EP0520342A1 publication Critical patent/EP0520342A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0520342B1 publication Critical patent/EP0520342B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
    • E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
    • E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines
    • E01B27/17—Sleeper-tamping machines combined with means for lifting, levelling or slewing the track
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2203/00—Devices for working the railway-superstructure
    • E01B2203/16—Guiding or measuring means, e.g. for alignment, canting, stepwise propagation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a measuring vehicle is already known from a brochure "EM SAT Geometerwagen” from Plasser & Theurer. Above the frame level of the machine frame there is a spacious driving cabin and a powerful drive system.
  • the second measuring vehicle referred to as a satellite car, is connected to a laser transmitter for generating a standing sight and can be connected to the machine frame for a joint transfer run below the frame level.
  • US Pat. No. 4,691,565 already discloses a machine for measuring or registering and / or also for correcting the position of a track with a carriage that can be moved on the uncorrected track.
  • This front carriage which is equipped with a laser transmitter and a travel drive, can be moved onto the machine for a joint transfer travel over an end area of a machine designed as a ramp.
  • This machine which is designed as a track measuring car, has a laser receiver arranged in its front end region and various devices for determining and storing the track position correction values.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a measuring vehicle of the type described in the introduction, which can be used in a particularly rational manner with reduced design effort.
  • a measuring vehicle of this type with a low overall height and having a satellite car can be coupled in a particularly advantageous manner for a joint transfer to the place of use with a track-laying machine, in particular a tamping machine.
  • the machine group can be controlled in a particularly efficient manner from the driver's cabin of the tamping machine without impairing visibility.
  • This combined transfer travel enables a particularly simple construction of the measuring vehicle with an auxiliary motor that is only required for work and with a correspondingly low output, but a sufficiently large overall length of the vehicle frame for a satisfactory driving result during the transfer trip is possible due to the corresponding angular range of the limiting plane.
  • such a measuring vehicle can also be coupled to a tamping machine already in use with a satellite car without any design effort or conversion work.
  • a transfer run in a common machine group with a tamping machine enables the track to be measured and tamped in a single track lock, and the logistical effort can also be reduced considerably in comparison to previous separate work assignments.
  • the remotely controllable solution of the pulling hook according to claim 4 enables a particularly rapid separation immediately after reaching the track construction site, while avoiding leaving the machine, which jeopardizes safety.
  • the vehicle frame can be positively connected to the axle bearing, so that an influence of the suspension on the measurement result is reliably excluded.
  • measuring vehicle Another further development of the measuring vehicle according to claim 12 enables problem-free and rapid attachment of the satellite vehicle below the projecting vehicle frame, so that the measuring vehicle can be incorporated into a train set unhindered.
  • the development according to claim 13 enables the transport of the satellite car on the vehicle frame, with the ramp ensuring a rapid transfer of the satellite car from the transfer position to the working position.
  • the refinement according to claim 15 enables exact adjustment of the correction work to be carried out by the tamping machine to the difference values between the actual and target position of the track, which were determined immediately beforehand by the measuring vehicle and the satellite car.
  • the measuring vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a vehicle frame 2 with a frame plane 3 which runs parallel to a reference plane formed by wheel contact points 4 of rail bogies 5. This parallelism relates to the normal case in which the chassis springs of both rail bogies 5 are loaded to the same extent.
  • An internal combustion engine 7 is arranged on the frame level 3 in the area of the rear machine end 6.
  • a driving cabin 9 with a control device 10 is arranged upstream of this in the working direction of the measuring vehicle 1, indicated by an arrow 8.
  • the driver's cabin 9 is located in a recess 11 of the vehicle frame 2.
  • the upper contour lines 12 formed by the motor 7 and the driver's cabin 9 are arranged below a boundary plane 13 which is related to the reference plane or the reference plane formed by the wheel contact points 4 of the rail bogies 5.
  • the frame plane 3 includes an angle ⁇ of 5 to 10 °.
  • the boundary plane 13 forms with the frame plane 3 in the front end of the measuring vehicle 1 in the working direction perpendicular to the machine longitudinal direction and cutting line 14 running parallel to the frame or reference plane.
  • the measuring vehicle 1 can be moved independently with the aid of its own travel drive 52.
  • a measuring carriage 16 Beneath the frame level 3 and immediately in front of the front rail chassis 5 there is a measuring carriage 16 which is connected to the vehicle frame 2 by height-adjustable drives and has wheel flanges 15.
  • a laser receiver 17 with a CCD matrix camera, a bank angle sensor 18 and two video cameras 19 lying opposite one another in the machine transverse direction for video-technical scanning of the rail section located in the region of each flanged wheel 15 are arranged on this.
  • the laser receiver 17 is mounted on the measuring carriage 16 by drives 20 which can be adjusted in height and crosswise. This is also associated with a displacement measuring device 21 with a feeler roller that can be rolled on the rail head.
  • the length of the vehicle frame 2 projecting beyond the front rail running gear 5 is greater than the total length of a satellite car 22. This can be lifted off a track 24 by a device 23 having drives and can be connected to the front end of the vehicle frame 2. As indicated by dash-dotted lines, the satellite car 22 is located during the transfer run in the section of the vehicle frame 2 protruding beyond the front rail running gear 5, so that it can be coupled to another machine unhindered.
  • the satellite car 22 has wheel flanges which can be moved on the track 24, an auxiliary motor 25, a seat 26 and a laser transmitter 27. This is mounted on a transverse adjustment device 28 and can be moved up to 500 mm from the middle of the track.
  • the two rail bogies 5 of the measuring vehicle 1 have locking drives 29, which can be acted upon hydraulically, between the axle bearing and the bogie frame, by means of which the influence of the bogie suspension can be switched off during the measuring process.
  • a pull hook 30 arranged in the working direction at the rear end of the machine is designed for a remotely controllable solution of a coupling formed with a connected machine.
  • the measuring vehicle 1 is for the transfer run with a tamping machine 32 coupled.
  • a tamping machine 32 coupled to the measuring vehicle 1 .
  • These are only partial Shown and shown in the usual way with tamping units, a track lifting straightening unit, a leveling and straightening reference system 33 and a travel drive 53 is equipped with a driving cabin 34 in its front end region in the working direction.
  • This driving cabin 34 has a viewing area 35, from which the operator has a clear view of the track 24 during the transfer run. This clear view is ensured in spite of the pre-arrangement of the measuring vehicle 1 in that the upper contour lines 12 are arranged below the already precisely defined boundary plane 13.
  • the pulling hook 30 is remotely released and the measuring vehicle 1 together with the satellite car 22 is moved one to two hundred meters away from the tamping machine 32 on the track 24.
  • the right of way of the measuring vehicle 1 is stopped and the satellite car 22 is released from the device 23 or the vehicle frame 2 and lowered onto the track 24.
  • the satellite car 22 is then moved up to the next fixed track point and positioned in relation to a color marking on the rail. Then the actual distance and the actual height of the track 24 to the track fixed point is measured.
  • the determined data are transmitted to the measuring vehicle 1 by radio. After this measurement at the fixed track point, the satellite car 22 is moved about 5 to 10 m further and parked there.
  • the laser transmitter 27 is set up on the laser receiver 17, which has meanwhile been lowered onto the track 24 with the measuring carriage 16.
  • the satellite wagon 22 is fixed to a rail of the track by means of a suitable mechanical clamping device, so that movement by passing trains is excluded.
  • the measuring vehicle 1 After the laser transmitter 27 has been set up on the receiver 17, the measuring vehicle 1 begins to measure the track section located between the measuring vehicle 1 and the satellite car 22. The height and the direction are measured simultaneously via the CCD matrix camera located in the laser receiver 17. The corresponding actual arrow heights at the predetermined distance are calculated from the increase in the track width of the position of the laser receiver 17 and the adjustment paths, as well as the distance covered, measured by the path measuring device 21. The calculation is only started when the measuring vehicle 1 has arrived at the fixed track point immediately in front of the satellite car 22 and has been stopped precisely in relation to this fixed track point. Only then can the arbitrary position of the chord formed by the laser transmitter 27 be mathematically converted to the theoretical chord on which the target arrow heights are based.
  • the satellite car 22 can again be moved to the next fixed track point with the aid of its own auxiliary motor 25. After calculating the actual arrow heights, they are compared with the stored target arrow heights and the corresponding displacement and height correction values are determined. These correction data are then transmitted with the aid of a radio device 36 to the central control device 37 of the tamping machine 32 and can be processed further by this or by an automatic control computer for a corresponding control of the drives of the track lifting and straightening unit.
  • the laser beam generated by the laser transmitter 27 is not split up, but rather is directed onto the receiver 17 as a beam with a circular cross section. This brings the advantages of higher intensity when receiving and thus also ensures reliable reception.
  • the possibility of adjusting the laser transmitter 27 with the aid of the transverse adjusting device 28 has the advantage that the arrow 17 is smaller for the receiver 17. The other oblique position of the laser tendon would have to be adjusted in a larger area.
  • the CCD matrix camera of the laser receiver 17 is a YZ adjustment device (transverse adjustment Y, height adjustment Z). Since the active reception area of the camera is too small for the necessary reception area, it must be adjusted accordingly. This is done continuously with a computer and an appropriate adjustment unit.
  • the Z adjustment range is 500 mm, the Y adjustment range 1000 mm.
  • the position of the camera on the adjustment unit is measured using an absolute encoder.
  • the laser point is projected onto the CCD camera via a focusing screen and an optical system and its position is calculated by a computer with a corresponding program and transmitted to a main computer 38 of the measuring vehicle 1.
  • the two video cameras 19 located on the measuring carriage 16 it is possible to use a monitor image generated in the driving cabin 9 to carry out the exact positioning of the measuring vehicle 1 in relation to a corresponding fixed point on the track. This is done by positioning the wheel center of the measuring carriage 16 on a color marking attached to the rail head and web.
  • the measuring axis formed by the flanged wheels 15 is simultaneously designed as a telescopic axis so that the track width can be measured.
  • the three-part system 31 is connected to a machine unit by connecting the satellite car 22 to the front machine end of the measuring vehicle 1 through the device 23 and coupling the measuring vehicle 1 itself to the tamping machine 32 by the pull hook 30.
  • the operator can move the system freely from the driving cabin 34 in the direction of arrow 8.
  • a variant of a further measuring vehicle 39 which can be seen in FIG. 3 has a vehicle frame 42 which is supported on rail undercarriages 40 and has a frame plane 41 running parallel to the track plane.
  • a central control device 43 with a seat 44 is arranged on the rear end of the vehicle frame 42 in the working direction.
  • a parking space for an independently movable satellite car 45 This can be moved on rails 46 running in the machine longitudinal direction and connected to the vehicle frame 42 and via a ramp 47 arranged in the front end region of the vehicle frame (see dash-dotted lines).
  • the ramp 47 can be swiveled back into a rest position by drives for the transfer travel and work use, in which it comes to lie approximately parallel to the frame plane 41 directly above the vehicle frame 42.
  • the measuring vehicle 39 can be moved with the aid of a motor 49 and a travel drive 50.
  • a boundary plane 51 defined according to claim 1 includes an angle of 8 ° with the frame plane 41.
  • the satellite car 45 located on the vehicle frame 42, the control device 43 and the seat 44 are located below this delimitation level 51, so that an unimpeded view of the track is provided by a tamping machine connected in the rear end area for the joint transfer run.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Véhicule de mesure (1, 39) pour déterminer la position réelle de voie ferrée relativement à la position de consigne de voie ferrée, avec un châssis de véhicule (2,42) prenant appui sur des trains de roulement sur rails (5,40), présentant un plan de châssis (3,41) s'étendant parallèlement à un plan de référence formé par les points de contact de roue (4), et avec un wagon satellite (22,45) pouvant être transporté sur celui-ci et déplaçable indépendamment sur la voie, caractérisé en ce que le véhicule de mesure (1,39) et le wagon satellite (22,45) sont réalisés de façon que les lignes de contour supérieures (12) du véhicule de mesure (1,39) et du wagon satellite (22,45), lorsque le wagon satellite (22,45) est disposé au et, respectivement, sur le châssis de véhicule (2,42) du véhicule de mesure (1,39) sont disposées en dessous d'un plan de référence (13,51) qui forme relativement à un plan de référence formé par les points de contact de roue (4) des trains de roulement sur rails (5,40) un angle α de 5 à 10°, le point de délimitation (13,51) formant avec le plan de châssis (3,41) à l'extrémité avant dans le sens de travail du véhicule de mesure (1,39) une ligne de coupe (14) s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale de la machine et parallèlement au plan de référence et passe à travers la zone de visibilité (35) d'une cabine de conduite (34) d'une machine (32) accouplée au véhicule de mesure (1,39) à la zone d'extrémité arrière de celui-ci.
  2. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sont prévus au-dessus du plan de châssis (3) uniquement un moteur (7) et une partie supérieure d'une cabine de conduite (9) disposée dans un évidement du châssis de véhicule (2) à l'extrémité de machine arrière dans le sens de travail du véhicule de mesure (1) et que le wagon satellite (22) est relié en dessous du plan de châssis (3) à l'extrémité avant de la machine.
  3. Véhicule de mesure selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que sont prévus en dessous du plan de châssis (3) et directement devant le train de roulement sur rails avant (5) un wagon de mesure (16) réglable en hauteur avec des roues à boudin (15) et un récepteur laser (17) avec une caméra à matrice CCD ainsi qu'un dispositif (23) pour relever et pour fixer relâchablement le wagon satellite (22).
  4. Véhicule mesure selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un crochet de traction (30) disposé dans le sens de travail à l'extrémité de machine arrière est réalisé pour un relâchement pouvant être commandé à distance avec un accouplement formé avec une machine attelée.
  5. Véhicule de mesure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les trains de roulement sur rails (5) présentent des commandes de blocage (29) se trouvant entre la boîte d'essieux et le châssis de véhicule, pouvant être sollicitées hydrauliquement.
  6. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le récepteur laser (17) est logé de façon réglable en hauteur et transversalement par des commandes (20) au wagon de mesure (16).
  7. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé au wagon de mesure (16 un dispositif de mesure de déplacement (21) avec un rouleau palpeur pouvant rouler sur le champignon de rail.
  8. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que sont disposées au wagon de mesure (16) deux caméras vidéo (19) opposées l'une à l'autre dans la direction transversale de la machine pour le balayage vidéo technique du tronçon de rail se trouvant au voisinage de chaque roue à boudin (15).
  9. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le wagon de mesure (16) est relié à un dispositif de mesure d'inclinaison transversal (18).
  10. Véhicule de mesure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que sont disposés au wagon satellite (22) présentant un siège (26) et un dispositif de locomotion (25) un émetteur laser (27) et un dispositif de mesure de distance pour détecter les écarts de niveau et latéraux de la voie relativement à un point fixe de voie ferrée.
  11. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'émetteur laser (27) est logé sur un dispositif de déplacement transversal (28) et peut être déplacé transversalement respectivement jusqu'à 500 mm du milieu de la voie.
  12. Véhicule de mesure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du châssis de véhicule (2) faisant saillie sur le train de roulement sur rails avant est réalisée pour être plus grande que la longueur totale du wagon satellite (22).
  13. Véhicule de mesure selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité avant du châssis de véhicule (42) est pourvue d'une rampe pivotante (47) pour transférer le wagon satellite (45) d'une position de transfert se trouvant au plan de châssis (41) sur la voie (48).
  14. Installation (31) pour le mesurage de la position réelle de voie ferrée ainsi que pour une correction de position d'assiette de voie ferrée à l'aide des valeurs de différences obtenues par le mesurage entre la position réelle et la position de consigne et d'un bourrage par en dessous d'une voie ferrée dont la position d'assiette a été corrigée, avec un véhicule de mesure (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par une réalisation en trois parties, la partie arrière, en regardant dans le sens de travail de l'installation, étant formée par une machine de bourrage (32) qui, en vue d'un voyage haut-le-pied commun, est accouplée au véhicule de mesure (1) sur la zone d'extrémité avant de celui-ci est fixé le wagon satallite (22).
  15. Installation selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que le véhicule de mesure (1) présente une unité de calcul (38) pour déterminer les valeurs de correction de déplacement et de niveau ainsi qu'une installation radio (36) pour transmettre ces valeurs à un dispositif de commande (37) se trouvant sur la machine de bourrage (32) en vue de la commande automatique de commandes de levage et de dressage d'un appareil de levage et de dressage de voie ferrée
EP92110434A 1991-06-27 1992-06-20 Véhicule de mesure Expired - Lifetime EP0520342B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT128791 1991-06-27
AT1287/91 1991-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0520342A1 EP0520342A1 (fr) 1992-12-30
EP0520342B1 true EP0520342B1 (fr) 1995-12-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92110434A Expired - Lifetime EP0520342B1 (fr) 1991-06-27 1992-06-20 Véhicule de mesure

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US5301548A (fr)
EP (1) EP0520342B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2865950B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1044021C (fr)
AT (1) ATE131232T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU646743B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2070791C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ278676B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59204556D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0520342T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2081523T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI98314C (fr)
HU (1) HU212948B (fr)
NO (1) NO301599B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL168287B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2041310C1 (fr)
SK (1) SK280109B6 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA924770B (fr)

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AT518839B1 (de) * 2016-07-11 2018-12-15 Plasser & Theurer Exp Von Bahnbaumaschinen G M B H System und Verfahren zum Vermessen eines Gleises
AT519575B1 (de) * 2017-02-15 2018-08-15 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Gleismessfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Erfassung einer vertikalen Gleislage
AT519784B1 (de) * 2017-03-17 2019-11-15 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Maschine und Verfahren zum Profilieren und Verteilen von Schotter eines Gleises
CN110116734A (zh) * 2019-05-07 2019-08-13 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 磁浮轨道作业车
CN112442927A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2021-03-05 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种捣固车前端偏差测量方法
RU199383U1 (ru) * 2020-02-04 2020-08-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "РН-Пурнефтегаз" Каретка для дистанционного перемещения отражателя по рельсе
CN114987565B (zh) * 2022-06-17 2023-08-04 杭州申昊科技股份有限公司 一种具有越障功能的轨道探伤车
CN118424236B (zh) * 2024-07-04 2024-10-11 宁波中车时代传感技术有限公司 一种基于线激光弦线的纵向水平检测装置

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FI98314C (fi) 1997-05-26
JP2865950B2 (ja) 1999-03-08
ES2081523T3 (es) 1996-03-16
FI98314B (fi) 1997-02-14
CZ198392A3 (en) 1993-01-13
FI922974A0 (fi) 1992-06-26
DK0520342T3 (da) 1996-01-08
CA2070791A1 (fr) 1992-12-18
HU9202115D0 (en) 1992-10-28
PL168287B1 (pl) 1996-01-31
CZ278676B6 (en) 1994-04-13
JPH05202506A (ja) 1993-08-10
AU1862192A (en) 1993-01-07
PL294986A1 (en) 1992-12-28
AU646743B2 (en) 1994-03-03
NO922200D0 (no) 1992-06-04
CN1044021C (zh) 1999-07-07
NO922200L (no) 1992-12-28
HUT64276A (en) 1993-12-28
ATE131232T1 (de) 1995-12-15
HU212948B (en) 1996-12-30
ZA924770B (en) 1993-03-31
NO301599B1 (no) 1997-11-17
SK280109B6 (sk) 1999-08-06
CN1067938A (zh) 1993-01-13
EP0520342A1 (fr) 1992-12-30
CA2070791C (fr) 2002-12-31
RU2041310C1 (ru) 1995-08-09
SK198392A3 (en) 1994-08-10
FI922974A (fi) 1992-12-28
DE59204556D1 (de) 1996-01-18
US5301548A (en) 1994-04-12

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