Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/48—Esters of carbonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/84—Esters of carbonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
  • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
  • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
  • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
  • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/32—Esters of carbonic acid
  • C10M2207/325—Esters of carbonic acid used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate

Definitions

• This invention relates to an improved lubricant composition for use in internal combustion engines.
• synthetic bases are able to eliminate or at least alleviate the drawbacks often encountered when using only mineral bases, these requiring 1) the presence of extremely fluid fractions to obtain the desired viscosity at low temperature and to limit volatility, 2) the presence of a high percentage of viscosity index improvers to improve the initial VI, and 3) other additives for satisfying all the other lubricant performance requirements.
• lubricant compositions For use in internal combustion engines, lubricant compositions must possess certain characteristics, namely thermal stability, oxidation resistance, low volatility and such viscosity-temperature characteristics as to allow both cold starting and good lubrication at maximum operating temperature.
• Lubricant compositions which have been proposed for this purpose include those containing higher dialkyl carbonates in combination with a mineral oil and usual additives. These compositions, which are described, for example, in US-A-2 387 999, US-A-2 758 975, US-A-3 642 858 and EP-A-89 709, result in various improvements as compared with compositions based on carboxylic esters, in particular in relation to increased thermal, hydrolytic and oxidative stability.
• the invention therefore, provides an automotive lubricant composition consisting of:
• the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule (I) is from 13 to 16.
• a preferred composition as defined above is one in which:
• component a) it can be a lubricating oil obtained by distilling and refining petroleum and has a Viscosity Index V.I. of from 102 to 108, a pour point of from -12°C to -6°C and a Noack evaporation loss of from 12% to 42%.
• Component b) can be the product of the polymerization of terminal or internal olefins, or of the isomerization and/or alkylation of petroleum fractions.
• Component d) can comprise dispersants, antiwear additives, metal passivators and copper deactivators, superbasic and neutral detergents, and antioxidants.
• Component e) can comprise viscosity-index-raising additives and pour point depressants.
• Preferred mixtures are those in which the -CH2-0H group of (I) is prevalently in position 2 of the chain.
• Alcohols (I) suitable for the purpose include the branched fraction of the oxo-alcohols obtained by hydroformylation, using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, of linear or essentially linear olefins with a statistical internal or terminal double bond, operating with cobalt or rhodium catalysts.
• This branched oxo-alcohol fraction can be separated from the linear fraction by fractional crystallization operating in the presence of a hydrocarbon or ether solvent, as described for example in US-A-4,670,606.
• a mixture of linear and branched chain oxo-alcohols is dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon solvent containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the molecule, or in methyl tert-butyl ether.
• the solution is cooled to a temperature within the range of -20°C to -52°C to cause separation of a solid phase consisting of the linear oxo-alcohols, and a liquid phase consisting of a solution of the branched oxo-alcohols in the chosen solvent.
• the branched oxo-alcohols can generally be separated form this solution with a purity of the order of 95%, and be purified by further crystallization to obtain the mixture of alcohols (I) suitable for the purposes of the present invention, with a purity exceeding 98% and preferably exceeding 99%.
• Such a mixture of alcohols (I) is then transesterified with a dialkyl carbonate to give component c) of the composition of the present invention.
• This reaction can be effected by bringing the reagents into contact in the presence of a basic catalyst operating at high temperature and under reduced pressure, and eliminating the lower aliphatic alcohol evolved as the reaction by-product, as is well known in the art and described in the examples given in EP-A-89,709.
• Preferred dialkyl carbonates are dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
• Active transesterification catalysts useful for the purpose are sodium methylate and sodium ethylate.
• the long-chain dialkyl carbonate is recovered to constitute component c) of the composition of the present invention, its characteristics falling generally within the following value ranges (general and preferred):
• Such a dialkyl carbonate also has desirable characteristics in relation to low temperature rheology values, oxidation stability, elastomer compatibility, biodegradability and toxicity.
• Component d) of the composition of the present invention consists of a parcel of additives usually used in lubricants and specifically dispersants, antiwear and antirust additives, metal passivators and copper deactivators, detergent additives (superbasic and neutral) and antioxidants.
• additives are usually chosen from the following classes of compounds: alkyl/alkenyl succinimides, succinic esters; alkyl/aryl dithiophosphates of zinc and olefins; ethoxylates, esters and hemiesters of substituted succinic acids; unsaturated or carbonyl compounds of chelating action; heterocyclic compounds; metal salts (neutral and superbasic) of alkyl and aryl sulphonic acids, salicylic acids, phenols and substituted phenols; sterically hindered amines and phenols; sulphurated compounds.
• Component e) of the composition of the present invention consists of a collection of additives able to raise the viscosity index and lower the pour point of the resultant lubricant composition.
• additives are usually chosen from the following classes of compounds: olefinic copolymers, methacrylic copolymers, olefinic/methacrylic copolymers. Said additives can also have other properties such as antioxidant, dispersant and antiwear, together with the basic properties of viscosity index and pour point improvers.
• Typical lubricant compositions suitable for four-stroke gasoline and diesel engines contain the aforesaid components in the following weight percentages:
• the long-chain dialkyl carbonate used as component c) in the lubricant compositions enables lubricant compositions for autotraction to be formulated possessing unexpectedly good overall rheological and engine performance characteristics.
• the particular dialkyl carbonate structure enables a high viscosity index, a low pour point and a low volatility to be obtained simultaneously.
• the high polarity of the carbonate group together with its structural characteristics enables high engine performance to be obtained together with a reduction in the level of addition of component d).
• the high polarity results in good dispersing action towards engine sludge (enabling dispersants to be reduced by about 30% in the lubricant composition), the greasing of metal surfaces subject to wear (enabling antiwear additives to be reduced by about 20% in the lubricant composition), and an antirust and electrochemical protection action on ferrous and non-ferrous metal surfaces (enabling antirust additives, metal passivators and copper deactivators to be reduced by about 30%).
• the high thermal and oxidative stability of component c) enables the antioxidant additives to be reduced by about 30% in the lubricant composition, and the absence of acid compounds deriving from decomposition phenomena enables the superbasic detergent additives to be reduced by about 20%.
• component c) of the composition is practically inert towards the elastomers usually present in the lubrication circuit.
• lubricant compositions can be formulated with a medium-high nitrogen content, avoiding the addition of specific additives normally introduced to overcome the elastomer compatibility tests scheduled in the most severe specifications such as CCMC and VW specifications.
• oxo-alcohols are described as alcohols suitable for preparing long-chain dialkyl carbonates for lubricant compositions, however without separation of the linear fraction from the branched fraction.
• the use of the mixture of alcohols (I) with the aforesaid characteristics is critical in order to obtain the required characteristics for the dialkyl carbonates and for the lubricant compositions which incorporate them, as will be apparent from the experimental examples which are given hereinafter to better illustrate the present invention.
• This oxo-alcohol mixture is the product of the hydroformylation of substantially linear olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
• the mixture is subjected to fractional crystallization at low temperature in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent as described in US-A-4,670,606, to separate a solid linear alcohol fraction from a liquid fraction containing 95% by weight of branched alcohols.
• This liquid fraction is purified by a second fractional crystallization similar to the first, to separate a liquid fraction with a branched alcohol content exceeding 99% by weight.
• the mixture of branched alcohols (I) obtained in Example 1 is transesterified with dimethyl carbonate operating with sodium ethylate as catalyst, as described in European patent application No. 89,709, to obtain a dialkyl carbonate (I) with an average molecular weight of 470 and having the following characteristics:
• the linear and branched oxo-alcohol mixture obtained in the hydroformylation reaction is transesterified (without previous separation) with dimethyl carbonate using sodium ethylate as catalyst in accordance with Example 2, to obtain a dialkyl carbonate (II) with an average molecular weight of 470, a viscosity index of 130, a pour point of +12°C and a Noack volatility of 15%.
• the lubricant composition (A) of the present invention and the comparison lubricant composition (B) are prepared in accordance with the following Table I.
• compositions (A) and (B) are subjected to a series of rheological and laboratory tests aimed at evaluating the extent to which they satisfy the requirements of the European Sequence scheduled by constructors for CCMC oil classification and the requirements of the American sequence scheduled by constructors for API oil classification.
• the results are given in the following Table II.
• the lubricant composition (A) in accordance with the present invention satisfies all the requirements of the American API and European CCMC Sequences.
• the comparison lubricant composition (B) does not satisfy the requirements of viscosity at -25°C, BPT, stable pour point or Noack volatility. This behaviour is related to the different physico-chemical characteristics of the dialkyl carbonates (I) and (II) used in the compositions.
• both the lubricant compositions satisfy all tests by a wide margin on the set limits.
• dialkyl carbonates (I) of the present invention are lubricant compositions obtained which have optimum performance characteristics from both the engine and rheological aspects.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-10-19 IT IT02181290A patent/IT1243858B/it active IP Right Grant
• 1991
  • 1991-10-07 EP EP91202610A patent/EP0482693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-07 DK DK91202610.1T patent/DK0482693T3/da active
  • 1991-10-07 AT AT91202610T patent/ATE100488T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-07 DE DE69101047T patent/DE69101047T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-10-07 ES ES91202610T patent/ES2048555T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-08 AU AU85615/91A patent/AU640823B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-10-14 KR KR1019910018001A patent/KR940008391B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-17 PL PL91292090A patent/PL167993B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-17 EC EC1991000786A patent/ECSP910786A/es unknown
  • 1991-10-17 MX MX9101625A patent/MX173927B/es unknown
  • 1991-10-18 CA CA002053691A patent/CA2053691C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1991-10-18 BR BR919104532A patent/BR9104532A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-18 RU SU915001919A patent/RU2012591C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1991-10-18 PT PT99284A patent/PT99284B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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