Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
  • C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
  • C07H15/22—Cyclohexane rings, substituted by nitrogen atoms
  • C07H15/222—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms
  • C07H15/226—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings
  • C07H15/234—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings attached to non-adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexane rings, e.g. kanamycins, tobramycin, nebramycin, gentamicin A2
  • C07H15/236—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings attached to non-adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexane rings, e.g. kanamycins, tobramycin, nebramycin, gentamicin A2 a saccharide radical being substituted by an alkylamino radical in position 3 and by two substituents different from hydrogen in position 4, e.g. gentamicin complex, sisomicin, verdamycin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
  • C07H15/26—Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel process for converting gentamicin B to isepamicin, l-N-[(S)-3- amino-2-hydroxypropionyl] gentamicin B and to a novel formylating agent, 2-formylmercaptobenzothiazole, useful in the process.
• this invention relates to a process for converting gentamicin B to 3,6'-d.i ⁇ N- formylgentamicin B by using 2- formylmercaptobenzothiazole, acylation of the 1-amino group with an (S)-isoserine derivative, followed by removal of the protecting groups under conditions which result in high yields of the desired product.
• zinc acetate chelation does not invariably lead to selective 3,6 , -diblockade in a inoglycosides other than Kanamycin and dibekacin.
• the zinc acetate chelation of gentamicin B followed by acylation with formylimidazole leads primarily to 1,6'-N-diformylation and not 3,6'- difor ylation.
• metal acetates for example, zinc acetate and the like
• undesirable by-products for example N-acetyl derivatives
• gentamicin B zinc chelate
• the procedure of this invention results in a high yield if one uses a different zinc salt, such as zinc pivaloate, to avoid formation of undesirable by-products.
• a 3,6'-N-diformyl gentamicin B obtained, by removing zinc from the chelate can be selectively acylated with N-formyl-(S)-isoserine active ester only at the C-l amino group without separate protection of the C-3" methylamino group as in the Tsuchiya et al. procedure.
• This invention relates to an improved ultistep process for converting gentamicin B to isepamicin in high yields.
• the process of this invention comprises
• the intermediate compound, 3,6'-di-N- formylgentamicin B is prepared by reacting a divalent metal salt complex of gentamicin B with 2- formylmercaptobenzothiazole to introduce formyl protecting groups at the 3,6'-positions.
• the metal salt complex is prepared using methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,136,254 and Thomas, et al. , Tetrahedron Letter, Vol. 21, 4981-4984 (1980).
• Transition metal salts useful as complexing agents in the process of this invention include such divalent salts as copper (II) , nickel (II) , cobalt (II) , cadmium (II) and zinc (II) as well as mixtures thereof.
• the divalent metal salts are salts of organic acids, preferably organic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic, pivalic and benzoic acid.
• Preferred divalent metal salts include pivaloate salts of zinc (II) and cobalt (II) . Of particular use is zinc (II) pivaloate.
• the formation of the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B is carried out in an inert organic solvent.
• organic solvents are for example, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyIformamide, dimethylaceta ide, methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate and mixtures thereof.
• the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B it has been found advantageous to employ from about 1.5 - 4.5 moles of the divalent salt, for example zinc (II) , per mole of gentamicin B.
• the preferred molar ratio of reagents is about 2.7-3.5 moles of divalent salt per mole of gentamicin B.
• the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B is reacted with 2-formylmercaptobenzothiazole which introduces a formyl protecting group at both the 3 and 6'-amino groups.
• the molar quantity of 2-formylmercaptobenzo ⁇ thiazole is usually 2-3 to 1 of the molar quantity of the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B.
• the preferred molar quantity is 2.5 to l.
• Formylation of the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B is carried out at a temperature of from 0°C to 40°C, preferably from 20°C to 30°C.
• the formylation reaction of the divalent salt complex of gentamicin B is conveniently carried out in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents.
• Organic solvents that can be utilized in this reaction include dipolar aprotic organic solvents, for example, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, and the like. It has also been found advantageous to employ mixtures of a dipolar aprotic organic solvent with an inert organic solvent, for example, toluene, ethyl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, and the like.
• a preferred mixture of solvents is dimethyl sulfoxide with either methylene chloride or ethyl acetate. While all prior processes require the use of a precipitating agent or a procedure to remove the divalent metal salt cation, the use of 2- formylmercaptobenzothiazole and zinc allows for an extractive removal of the zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole salt in the organic solvent layer.
• the aqueous solution comprises 3,6'-di-N- formylgentamicin B in a yield of approximately 90- 95%.
• the product can be isolated and purified by conventional methods such as ion exchange chromatography.
• N-Protected -(S)-isoserine compounds that are useful in the process of this invention are those wherein the amino group of -(S)-isoserine is protected with an acyl group which can be easily removed under conditions which remove formyl protecting groups and which will not affect other portions of the molecule.
• Acyl protecting groups which can be easily removed under mild basic conditions or with hydrazine are utilized in the process. Examples of N-acyl protecting groups which are easily removed under mild basic conditions include formyl, trichloroacetyl and trifluoroacetyl. Examples of N-acyl protecting groups which are easily removed by hydrazine include phthaloyl and succinoyl.
• the preferred N-acyl protecting group for the isoserine compound is the formyl group.
• N-Protected isoserine compounds that are useful in the process of this invention include N- formyl-(S)-isoserine, N-phthaloyl-(S)-isoserine, N- trichloroacetyl-(S)-isoserine, and N-trifluoroacetyl- (S)-isoserine.
• the preferred N-protected isoserine compound is N-formyl-(S)-isoserine.
• Active esters of N-protected-(S)-isoserine are prepared by reacting the isoserine compound with a compound such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxy succinimide, imidazole, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N- hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide and the like, in the presence of a coupling agent such as dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide.
• the reaction of N-protected -(S)-isoserine with 3,6'-di-N-formyl gentamicin B is carried out at temperatures between 0°C and 40°C, preferably at about room temperature, in a solvent.
• solvents which can be employed in the process of this invention include protic organic solvents, for example alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like; mixtures of water and alcohol, such as aqueous methanol, aqueous ethanol, and the like; aprotic solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, dioxane, methylene chloride.
• a preferred solvent is aqueous methanol.
• the compound obtained by reacting N- formylisoserine with 3,6'-di-N-formyl gentamicin B is triformylisepamicin, compound IV.
• the protecting groups are removed from the Compound IV by hydrolysis according to the following reaction scheme.
• HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• Amberlite IRC-50 is a weak cation ion exchange resin available from Rohm and Haas Company.
• reaction mixture was transferred to a 2 liter separatory funnel and 800 ml of water was added.
• the phases were separated, and the aqueous layer was re-extracted with a 30 ml portion of methylene chloride.
• the aqueous layer was then filtered thorugh a small pad of celite to remove a haze of solids.
• the filtrate was diluted with water to a final volume of 2 liters, and its pH was about 6 at this point.
• This aqueous solution was charged onto a column containing 800 ml of Amberlite IRC-50 resin which had been adjusted to a partial ammonium cycle.
• the product was eluted with 0.75N ammonium hydroxide; the fractions containing the prduct were pooled and concentrated to yield a solution, which was assayed by liquid chromatographic analysis and found to contain 17.9 g (90.5%) of 3,6'-di-N-formylgentamicin B.
• Mass spectrum m/e (%) (FAB/GLY-THIO) 539 (100,M + +1) , 511(9), 380(9), 350(4), 191(10), 190(5), 160(28).
• N,0-diformyl-(S)- isoserine was filtered and washed with isopropanol. This afforded 64 g of N,0-diformyl-(S)-isoserine; 84% yield; m.p. 139.5°-141.5°; [a]g°: -38° (1%, MeOH) .
• Acetic formic anhydride was prepared by adding acetyl chloride to 1.2 eq. of sodium formate (anhydrous, micronized) in anhydrous acetonitrile (the concentration of sodium formate/CH 3 CN can be as high as 50%) at 0-5°C. The reaction takes 2 hours to complete. The precipitate was filtered, the filtrate was used as is in the above reaction. Some carbon monoxide is evolved from this mixture, depending on the temperature. Reasonable stability was observed at 0°, for one month.
• a stock solution of N-formyl-(S)-isoserine was prepared by stirring 20 g (124.2 mmoles) of N,0- diformyl-(S)-isoserine in a mixture of methanol (85 ml) and pyridine (15 ml, 1.5 equiv.) at room temperature for 14-16 hrs. The completion of the reaction was judged by ⁇ -HNMR.
• a solution was prepared by dissolving 1.156g (96.6% pure, 2.07 mmole) of 3,6'-di-N-formylgentamicin B, 800 mg (1.7 eq.) of N-phthaloylisoserine and 365 g (1.2 eq.) of N-hydroxybenztriazole monohydrate in 40 ml of methanol. To this solution was added 700 mg (1.7 eq.) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for one hour and 160 mg of N-phthaloyl-(S)-isoserine and 140 mg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was added and the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for approximately three (3) hours.

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• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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• Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
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• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)

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