EP0472991B1 - Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser Phase - Google Patents
Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser Phase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0472991B1 EP0472991B1 EP91113465A EP91113465A EP0472991B1 EP 0472991 B1 EP0472991 B1 EP 0472991B1 EP 91113465 A EP91113465 A EP 91113465A EP 91113465 A EP91113465 A EP 91113465A EP 0472991 B1 EP0472991 B1 EP 0472991B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electroviscous
- component
- liquid
- liquids
- evf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electroviscous liquid, the viscosity of which is increased when a voltage is applied.
- Electroviscous liquids are dispersions of finely divided solids in hydrophobic and electrically non-conductive oils, the viscosity of which changes very quickly and reversibly from the liquid to the plastic or solid state under the influence of a sufficiently strong electric field.
- the viscosity reacts to both DC electrical fields and AC fields, whereby the current flow through the EVF should be very low.
- EVF can be used wherever the transmission of large forces with the help of low electrical power is required, e.g. in couplings, hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibrators or devices for positioning and fixing workpieces.
- the abrasiveness and settling stability of the disperse phase play an important role in practical use.
- the disperse phase should not sediment as far as possible, but in any case it should be easy to redisperse and should not cause any abrasion even under extreme mechanical stress.
- the increase in viscosity in an EVF when an electric field is applied can be explained qualitatively as follows:
- the colloidally chemically stable disperse particles polarize in the electric field and agglomerate through dipole interaction in the field direction, which leads to an increase in viscosity.
- the agglomeration is reversible: if the electric field is switched off, the particles redisperse and the viscosity is reduced to the original value.
- the polarizability of the disperse phase is therefore an important prerequisite for the development of the electroviscous effect. For this reason, ionically or electronically conductive materials are often used as the disperse phase.
- the disperse phase consists of organic solids, such as Saccharides (DE 2 530 694), starch (EP 284 268 A2, US 3 970 573), polymers (EP 150994, A1, DE 3 310 959 A1, GB 1 570 234, US 4 129 513, ion exchange resins (JP 92 278 / 975, JP 31 221/1985, US 3 047 507) or silicone resins (DE 3 912 888 A1), but inorganic materials such as Li hydrazine sulfate (US 4 772 407 A), zeolites (EP 265 252 A2 ), Silica gel (DE 3 517 281 A1, DE 3 427 499 A1) and aluminum silicates (DE 3 536 934 A1).
- Saccharides DE 2 530 694
- starch EP 284 268 A2, US 3 970 573
- polymers EP 150994, A1, DE 3 310 959 A1, GB 1 570 234, US 4 129 513
- the electroviscous effect of the substances mentioned is due to the loading of the solids with water. Small amounts of water increase the ionic conductivity, and thus the polarizability of the disperse particles, which is essential for the formation of the effect. However, hydrated systems have poor chemical stability. In addition, the temperature range in which these liquids can be used is limited.
- the optimal properties of the disperse phase can be easily adjusted by varying the water content or by modifying the solid matrix.
- patent specification DE 2 802 494 C2 describes an improvement in the electroviscous effect by introducing free or neutralized acid groups into a water-containing polymer phase.
- the high conductivity of the feedstocks often requires post-treatment of the dispersion particles.
- the passivation of carbon black-filled bead polymers by the subsequent coating of the polymer particles with polyvinylidene fluoride was described in the patent specification JP 016 093. Such post-treatments, however, greatly increase the manufacturing effort.
- EVF corresponding to the prior art are generally obtained by dispersing a solid in a dispersion medium, such as e.g. halogen-free or halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics or silicone oil.
- a dispersion medium such as e.g. halogen-free or halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics or silicone oil.
- the viscosity of the resulting suspension depends on the shape and size, or the size distribution of the dispersed particles, and on the solids concentration and the dispersing action of any dispersing agents used. High volume-related solids contents with low viscosity are difficult to achieve when using non-spherical particles.
- the object of the invention was to provide a water-free, non-abrasive, sedimentation-stable EVF with good electroviscous properties, which despite a high volume fraction of disperse phase is characterized by a low basic viscosity.
- electroviscous liquids can be produced on the basis of anhydrous polymers which contain the dissolved electrolyte.
- the electroviscous properties of these liquids can be adjusted over a wide range by the type and concentration of the electrolyte.
- the electroviscous dispersions according to the invention are anhydrous and have a high dielectric strength.
- the EVFs described are settling-stable and not abrasive and have low basic viscosities despite high volume fractions of the disperse phase.
- the dispersion polymerization of electrolyte-containing monomers is particularly suitable as a process for producing the EVF according to the invention.
- the polymerization should preferably be carried out in the dispersion medium which also represents the continuous phase of the EVF, since this eliminates the need for subsequent redispersion.
- the water-free EVF according to the invention essentially contains the following substances (I) in the disperse phase: a liquid polymer or polymer mixture: (II) an electrolyte dissolved in (I) and optionally (III): one with the solution of (I) and (II ) miscible additive.
- the mixture of substances and their starting products are also referred to as templates.
- the template that is dispersed into the non-conductive liquid during the EVF manufacturing process should preferably be in liquid form. If necessary, the template can be chemically modified by adding suitable reagents (IV) before, during or after the dispersing step. This modification influences the consistency of the disperse phase in the finished EVF through the partial or complete implementation of the functional groups in the template.
- a suitable dispersant (V) is used for the dispersion.
- the size of the dispersed particles in the EVF according to the invention is between 0.1 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the viscosity of the EVF is between 3 and 5000 cp at room temperature, depending on the composition of the liquid and the basic viscosity of the dispersion medium.
- linear or cross-linked polyethers or their copolymers polyethylene adipate, polyethylene succinate and polyphosphazene.
- polyethers or polymers which can be prepared by crosslinking di- or trifunctional polyether oligomers are particularly preferred.
- linear polyether oligomers are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, statistical ethylene glycol-propylene glycol copolymers or else ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block copolymers, such as those e.g. are sold by GAF under the trade name "Pluronic".
- Branched polyether oligomers are, for example, tris (polypropylene oxide) ⁇ -ol) glycidyl ether or other substances which are obtained by ethoxylation or propoxylation of higher-functionality hydroxy compounds, e.g. Pentaerythritol or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane can be obtained.
- the molecular weight of the glycols is between 62 and 1,000,000, but preferably between 100 and 10,000.
- the oligomers can optionally contain functional end groups. Amines, allyl or vinyl groups, or also carboxyl groups are examples of such functional end groups.
- Polyethylene or polypropylene mono- or diamines can be purchased under the trade name "Jeffamin" from TEXACO. Examples of products containing vinyl groups are the esters of glycols with corresponding acids, e.g. Acrylic acid.
- Other preferred polymers are e.g. the polyesters among others by the company BAYER AG under the trade name "De
- electrolytes (II) are substances which are soluble in the polymer (I) in molecular or ionic form.
- electrolytes are, for example, free acids or their salts with alkali or alkaline earth metals or organic cations.
- the electrolytes thus include salts such as KCl, LiNO3, CH3COONa, LiClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2, KSCN, LiBr, LiI, LiBF4, LiPF6, NaB (C6H5) 4, LiCF3SO3, N (C2H4) 4Cl etc.
- Additives (III) in the sense of the invention are those compounds which, when mixed with (I) and (II), give a homogeneous, solid or liquid solution.
- capped low molecular weight polyethers e.g. bismethylated trimethylolpropane or the esters of phthalic acid, suitable as an additive.
- an additive (IV) for example crosslinking agent
- a crosslinking agent for example crosslinking agent
- a crosslinking agent for example crosslinking agent
- viscous or solid particles are formed, the spherical geometry of which is retained during and after the reaction.
- di- or multifunctional isocyanates are preferably used as crosslinking agents (IV).
- Isocyanates of different structures are sold under the trade name "Desmodur” by the company BAYER AG.
- the use of tolylene diisocyanate as crosslinking agent is particularly suitable.
- the acetate, amine, benzamide, oxime and alkoxy crosslinkers customary in silicone chemistry can also be used for crosslinking. Radical crosslinking systems are suitable for the conversion of allyl or vinyl (acrylic or methacrylic) group-modified polymer templates.
- the EVF according to the invention contains the disperse phase (the product from the initial charge and (IV)) in an amount of 10-95% by weight, but preferably in an amount of 40-70% by weight.
- Dispersants (V) for the disperse phase which can be used are surfactants which are soluble in the dispersion medium and are derived, for example, from amines, imidazolines, oxazolines, alcohols, glycol or sorbitol. Polymers soluble in the dispersion medium can also be used. Suitable are, for example, polymers which contain 0.1 to 10% by weight of N and / or OH, and 25 to 83% by weight Contain C4-C24 alkyl groups and have a molecular weight in the range of 5000 to 1,000,000.
- the N and OH-containing compounds in these polymers can be, for example, amine, amide, imide, nitrile, 5- to 6-membered N-containing heterocyclic rings or an alcohol, and the C4-C24-alkyl groups are esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
- Examples of the N- and OH-containing compounds mentioned are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylamide, maleimide, acrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- the abovementioned polymeric dispersants generally have the advantage over the low molecular weight surfactants that the dispersions prepared with them are more stable with regard to the settling behavior.
- polysiloxane-polyether copolymers are preferably used, as are available, for example, under the trade name "Tegopren” from GOLDSCHMIDT AG in Essen (FRG).
- An example of a particularly preferred dispenser for the production of an EVF are polysiloxane polyethers with an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide weight ratio of 49:51, which are sold by GOLDSCHMIDT under the name "Tegopren 5830".
- the reaction products of hydroxy-functional polysiloxanes with a wide variety of silanes are dispersants for the preparation of the EVF according to the invention.
- Particularly preferred dispersants from this class of substances are the reaction products of a hydroxyl-functional polysiloxane with aminosilanes.
- silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxanes and liquid methylphenylsiloxanes are preferably used as the dispersion medium (VI) for the disperse phase. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- the solidification point of the dispersion media is preferably set below -30 ° C, the boiling point above 150 ° C.
- the viscosity of the oils is between 3 and 300 mm2 / s at room temperature.
- the low-viscosity oils with a viscosity of 3 to 20 mm2 / s are preferred because they achieve a lower basic viscosity of the EVF.
- the oil should also have a density that approximately corresponds to the density of the disperse phase.
- fluorine-containing siloxanes which are used as pure substance or as a mixture with other silicone oils, to produce EVFs according to the invention which, despite their low basic viscosity, have no sedimentation for weeks.
- the initial charge is mixed with the reactive additive or the crosslinking agent (IV).
- the mixture is dispersed in a liquid phase containing the dispersant.
- the dispersion should be carried out so that the particle size does not exceed 200 microns. If appropriate, after the dispersion has taken place, the product is allowed to react for a relatively long time at a suitable temperature, which is typically in a range of 15-150 ° C., depending on the reactivity of the crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent is only mixed into the dispersion after the dispersion process.
- the disperse phase can be separated from the original dispersant after the reaction and transferred to a new dispersion medium.
- the template is sprayed with or without surfactant or additive (IV) into a fine powder, and the resulting powder is subsequently dispersed into the liquid phase.
- the electrode area of the inner rotating cylinder with a diameter of 0.50 mm is approx. 78 cm2, the gap between the electrodes is 0.50 mm.
- the shear load can be set to a maximum of 2640 s ⁇ 1.
- the measuring range of the shear stress of the viscometer is a maximum of 750 Pa. With this device, both static and dynamic measurements are possible.
- the EVF can be excited with both DC voltage and AC voltage.
- a constant shear rate 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 2640s ⁇ 1 is set and the dependence of the shear stress ⁇ on the electric field strength E is measured.
- alternating fields up to a maximum effective field strength of 2370 kV / m at a maximum effective Current of 4 mA and a frequency between 50 and 550 Hz can be generated.
- measurement is preferably carried out at 50 Hz, because then the total current is the lowest and the electrical power required is the lowest.
- Flow curves corresponding to Fig. 1 are obtained. It can be seen that the shear stress ⁇ initially increases parabolically with small field strengths and linearly with larger field strengths.
- the relative increase in viscosity determines the switching behavior of an EVF in practice and is therefore, in addition to the absolute effect S, an important parameter.
- comparative approaches 1 to 5 correspond to the prior art.
- the EVF described in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 contain water-containing polymers as the disperse phase bound to it covalently, free or neutralized acid groups. They are based on Examples 1, 2 and 7 of patent specification DE 2 820 494 C2.
- the liquids described in these examples, which are representative of the patent, show good electroviscous effects, but have a high plastic viscosity, which means that the relative effect is significantly smaller.
- the EVF described in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 contain anhydrous, differently coated aluminum particles as the disperse phase. They are taken from Japanese Laid-Open Specification 64-6093 (Examples 1 and 4 there). The EVF described have poor sedimentation properties due to the density and size of the disperse particles (> 20 ⁇ m).
- Examples 1 to 10 are EVFs according to the invention.
- the mean particle diameter is approximately 2 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle diameter is 6 ⁇ m.
- the samples were measured at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- Table I lists the electroviscous properties of the EVF according to the invention and their viscosity. Particularly noteworthy is the low basic viscosity of the liquids and the resulting high relative electroviscous effect.
- Fig. 3 shows the course of the electroviscous effect S, and the viscosity of an EVF, produced according to Example 9, at a shear rate of 1000 s ⁇ 1 depending on the weight concentration of the disperse phase. It can be seen that the liquid according to the invention is characterized by low viscosities despite high solids concentrations.
- Example 1 of DE 2 820 494 C2 30 vol% dispersion of a polyacrylic acid crosslinked with divinylbenzene in a polychlorinated diphenyl fraction.
- the electroviscous effect at 30 ° C was between 975-1070 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
- Example 2 of DE 2 830 494 C2 30 vol% dispersion of a methacrylic acid crosslinked with divinylbenzene in a polychlorinated diphenyl fraction.
- the electroviscous effect at 30 ° C. was 690 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
- Example 1 of Japanese Patent Application 64-6093 20% by volume dispersion of an aluminum oxide coated aluminum powder in TRIMEX T-08.
- the electroviscous effect at an alternating voltage of 60 Hz was 327 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
- Example 4 of Japanese Laid-Open Publication 64-6093 20 vol.% Dispersion of an aluminum oxide coated aluminum powder in TRIMEX T-08.
- the electroviscous effect at an alternating voltage of 60 Hz was 371 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
- 0.6 g of the dispersant is dissolved in 20 g of the dispersion medium in a beaker with a nominal volume of 100 ml.
- 17.5 g of the glycol are mixed with 6.79 g of the crosslinker.
- this amount of crosslinker leads to the stoichiometric conversion of the hydroxyl groups in the glycol and thus corresponds to an OH conversion of 100 mol%.
- the reactive mixture of glycol and crosslinker is emulsified into the dispersant solution immediately after homogenization using a rotor-stator shear homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax T25 from IKA Labortechnik). The emulsification time at a rotational speed of the rotor of 10,000 rpm is 2 min. The samples were subsequently reacted at 90 ° C. for 15 hours.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT91113465T ATE99356T1 (de) | 1990-08-25 | 1991-08-12 | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf der basis von polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser phase. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4026881 | 1990-08-25 | ||
DE4026881A DE4026881A1 (de) | 1990-08-25 | 1990-08-25 | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf der basis von polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser phase |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0472991A1 EP0472991A1 (de) | 1992-03-04 |
EP0472991B1 true EP0472991B1 (de) | 1993-12-29 |
Family
ID=6412885
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91113465A Expired - Lifetime EP0472991B1 (de) | 1990-08-25 | 1991-08-12 | Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser Phase |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5268118A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0472991B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2660123B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE99356T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9103640A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2049719A1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE4026881A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2061137T3 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2109776C1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011018177A1 (de) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-25 | Raino Petricevic | Paste und deren Verwendung |
DE102012004586A1 (de) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Fludicon Gmbh | Elektrorheologische Zusammensetzung |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5496483A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1996-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous liquid based on dispersed modified polyethers |
DE4119670A1 (de) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-17 | Bayer Ag | Elektroviskose fluessigkeit auf basis von polyetheracrylaten als disperse phase |
EP0529166A1 (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-03-03 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Electrorheological fluids |
DE4131142A1 (de) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-25 | Bayer Ag | Elektroviskose fluessigkeit |
JP3352759B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-16 | 2002-12-03 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | 電気粘性流体の製造方法 |
JP3352760B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-16 | 2002-12-03 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | 電気粘性流体の製造方法 |
US5843331A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1998-12-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Polymeric materials to self-regulate the level of polar activators in electrorheological fluids |
US6065572A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2000-05-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Polymeric materials to self-regulate the level of polar activators in electrorheological fluids |
DE19632430C1 (de) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-wäßrigen Dispersionen und deren Verwendung |
DE19717693A1 (de) | 1997-04-26 | 1998-10-29 | Schenck Ag Carl | Stell- und Dämpfervorrichtung |
DE19735897A1 (de) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Bayer Ag | Kupplung |
DE19735898A1 (de) | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Schenck Ag Carl | Ventil und Stoßdämpfer auf Basis elektrorheologischer Flüssigkeiten |
DE10320973B4 (de) * | 2003-05-09 | 2006-04-27 | Siemens Ag | Bildgebendes Tomographie-Gerät und Verfahren zur Verminderung einer Unwucht an einem Tomographie-Gerät |
DE10320974B4 (de) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-12-01 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verminderung einer Unwucht und Verwendung einer elektro-rheologischen Flüssigkeit zur Verminderung einer Unwucht |
DE102006031738A1 (de) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Kastriot Merlaku | Brems-System für Fahrzeuge oder Maschinen aller Art |
US9954251B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2018-04-24 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc | Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode |
WO2016204979A1 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Method for making electrorheological fluids |
US10199687B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2019-02-05 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc | Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode |
JP6914337B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-14 | 2021-08-04 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 電気レオロジー効果を示す非水系懸濁液およびそれを用いるダンパー |
JP2021020970A (ja) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-02-18 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電気粘性流体組成物およびシリンダ装置 |
JP2021191811A (ja) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-16 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 電気粘性流体およびシリンダ装置 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3970573A (en) * | 1975-08-25 | 1976-07-20 | Westhaver James W | Electroviscous fluids |
DE3536934A1 (de) * | 1985-10-17 | 1987-04-23 | Bayer Ag | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten |
GB8706928D0 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1987-04-29 | Er Fluid Dev | Electric field responsive fluids |
JPH01266191A (ja) * | 1988-04-19 | 1989-10-24 | Bridgestone Corp | 電気粘性液体 |
DE68908469T2 (de) * | 1988-05-12 | 1993-12-09 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | Elektrorheologische Flüssigkeiten. |
JPH02206692A (ja) * | 1989-02-03 | 1990-08-16 | Nok Corp | Er流体用粒子 |
JPH0335095A (ja) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-02-15 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | 電気粘性流体 |
ES2087113T3 (es) * | 1989-12-14 | 1996-07-16 | Bayer Ag | Liquidos electroviscosos a base de polieteres dispersos. |
JPH0457892A (ja) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-02-25 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 電気粘性流体 |
-
1990
- 1990-08-25 DE DE4026881A patent/DE4026881A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-08-12 ES ES91113465T patent/ES2061137T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 DE DE91113465T patent/DE59100777D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 AT AT91113465T patent/ATE99356T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-12 EP EP91113465A patent/EP0472991B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-15 US US07/745,586 patent/US5268118A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-22 CA CA002049719A patent/CA2049719A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-23 BR BR919103640A patent/BR9103640A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-08-23 RU SU5001300A patent/RU2109776C1/ru active
- 1991-08-23 JP JP3235731A patent/JP2660123B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011018177A1 (de) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-25 | Raino Petricevic | Paste und deren Verwendung |
DE102012004586A1 (de) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Fludicon Gmbh | Elektrorheologische Zusammensetzung |
WO2013131659A1 (de) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Fludicon Gmbh | Elektrorheologische zusammensetzungen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2049719A1 (en) | 1992-02-26 |
EP0472991A1 (de) | 1992-03-04 |
RU2109776C1 (ru) | 1998-04-27 |
DE59100777D1 (de) | 1994-02-10 |
DE4026881A1 (de) | 1992-02-27 |
JP2660123B2 (ja) | 1997-10-08 |
BR9103640A (pt) | 1992-05-19 |
ATE99356T1 (de) | 1994-01-15 |
ES2061137T3 (es) | 1994-12-01 |
JPH04255795A (ja) | 1992-09-10 |
US5268118A (en) | 1993-12-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0472991B1 (de) | Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser Phase | |
EP0219751B1 (de) | Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten | |
EP0432601B1 (de) | Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis dispergierter Polyether | |
DE102012004586A1 (de) | Elektrorheologische Zusammensetzung | |
US4772407A (en) | Electrorheological fluids | |
DE68904031T2 (de) | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten. | |
EP1400581B1 (en) | Electrorheological fluids | |
DE69311241T2 (de) | Organosiloxane enthaltende verbesserte elektrorheologische Flüssigkeitszubereitungen | |
EP0824128B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-wässrigen Dispersionen und deren Verwendung | |
DE69214962T2 (de) | Elektroviskose flüssigkeit | |
EP2283088A1 (de) | Elektrotauchlackzusammensetzung | |
DE69102660T2 (de) | Elektrorheologische Flüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Silicon-ionomer-Partikeln. | |
DE69217223T2 (de) | Elektroviskose flüssigkeit auf der basis dispergierter polyether-polyacrylate | |
EP2016117B1 (de) | Sedimentationsstabile dispersion, verfahren zur herstellung sowie deren verwendung | |
DE69419126T2 (de) | Elektroviskose flüssige Zusammensetzung | |
DE3912888C2 (ja) | ||
DE3941232A1 (de) | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf basis von polyglykolen und aminofunktionellen polyethern | |
DE69819994T2 (de) | Polyfluoroalkyl-Siloxane | |
EP0583763A2 (de) | Elektrorheologische Fluide auf der Basis synthetischer Schichtsilikate | |
JP3710494B2 (ja) | 電気粘性流体 | |
JPH02209997A (ja) | 電気粘性流体 | |
JPH04161497A (ja) | 電気粘性液体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920325 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920924 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 99356 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19940115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59100777 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19940210 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19940124 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2061137 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 91113465.8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19990720 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUE Owner name: BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT TRANSFER- GE BAYER SILICO |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
NLS | Nl: assignments of ep-patents |
Owner name: GE BAYER SILICONES GMBH & CO. KG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000831 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000831 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20010719 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20010723 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20010803 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20010829 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20010831 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020807 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020812 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020813 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020813 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020831 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *GE BAYER SILICONES G.M.B.H. & CO. K.G. Effective date: 20020831 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030301 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20030301 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030812 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030812 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20030912 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050812 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20070830 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGRI | Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Effective date: 20091201 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20100623 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20101027 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59100777 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59100777 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20110813 |
|
PGRI | Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Effective date: 20091201 |