EP0414125A2 - Dispositif pour le séchage d'une couche liquide appliquée sur un substrat en mouvement - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le séchage d'une couche liquide appliquée sur un substrat en mouvement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0414125A2
EP0414125A2 EP90115682A EP90115682A EP0414125A2 EP 0414125 A2 EP0414125 A2 EP 0414125A2 EP 90115682 A EP90115682 A EP 90115682A EP 90115682 A EP90115682 A EP 90115682A EP 0414125 A2 EP0414125 A2 EP 0414125A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
air
carrier material
air supply
supply system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90115682A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0414125B1 (fr
EP0414125A3 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Nies
Horst Faust
Günter Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Hultzsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0414125A2 publication Critical patent/EP0414125A2/fr
Publication of EP0414125A3 publication Critical patent/EP0414125A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0414125B1 publication Critical patent/EP0414125B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F26B13/101—Supporting materials without tension, e.g. on or between foraminous belts
    • F26B13/104—Supporting materials without tension, e.g. on or between foraminous belts supported by fluid jets only; Fluid blowing arrangements for flotation dryers, e.g. coanda nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for drying a liquid layer, which is applied to a moving carrier material and contains evaporable solvent components and solid components, by means of a heated drying gas.
  • drying goods are, for example, metal or plastic belts, on which liquid layers are applied, which usually consist of evaporable solution components that are removed from the liquid film during the drying process, and non-evaporable components that remain on the carrier material after drying.
  • the coating gives the surfaces of the carrier materials special properties which are only present in the form after the drying process, as are desired for later use.
  • An example of this is the coating of metal strips with light-sensitive layers, which are assembled into printing plates.
  • the coating of metal strips dern or plastic films with substances in the form of a solvent-containing wet film, hereinafter referred to as liquid film, and its subsequent drying thus represent a process that requires special equipment to ensure the desired product quality of the layers.
  • the process step of film drying is essential as the final process measure of the coating.
  • drying liquid films on carrier materials it is customary to allow a heated gas, in particular air, to flow over the surface of the carrier materials to remove the solvent components from the film layer.
  • the heated gas stream is brought into direct contact with the liquid film, which is applied in a uniform layer distribution on the carrier material, which passes through a drying device.
  • the drying systems are equipped with devices which are intended to bring about a favorable or uniform distribution of the air flow over the liquid film. The aim is to achieve uniform drying across the entire width of the coated web.
  • known drying systems have devices for minimizing disturbances in the air movements, which, in part due to turbulent flow movements, have a disadvantageous effect on the film surface and lead to mottling there.
  • a common construction of such a drying device consists of a gas space supplied with drying gas, which is arranged over a certain length above the coating web, by means of a plurality of slits, nozzles, holes or even porous solids over the immediate gas space to supply the liquid film to be dried with drying gas as evenly as possible.
  • the continuously coated belt or coated plates on a rotating conveyor belt are continuously passed through the drying device with the release of solvent vapor to the dryer air.
  • the dryer air supplied can be constantly renewed in the open circuit or the air enriched with solvent can be completely removed.
  • a circulating air process with partially renewed or discharged dryer air can also be used.
  • Difficulties in removing the dryer air from the drying room often consist in the fact that with longitudinal nozzles or longitudinal slots arranged transversely to the belt running direction, due to the pressure gradient with lateral outflow, a reduction in the nozzle outlet speed occurs in the middle of the nozzle fields of slot nozzle dryers and thus also the heat and Mass transfer across the belt running direction is affected. The consequence of this is overdrying of the edges, which leads to undesired structuring of the dried films in many coating processes.
  • slot nozzle fields are preferably used, in which the slots are arranged transversely to the running direction of the web.
  • the observed overdrying of the edges in the slot nozzle dryers with outflow in the slot direction can be attributed to the distribution of the exit velocity along the slots.
  • the outflow area should be as much as 3.5 times the nozzle exit area in order to obtain uniform drying over the width of the web.
  • the dryer air is led from a vestibule via suitable inlet openings and flow deflectors into a calm space, from where part of the dryer air passes through a device arranged in close proximity to the liquid film to avoid stagnation point-like flows in the initial area of the dryer apparatus porous filter element on the web to be dried.
  • the mode of operation of such drying is based on the fact that there is between the porous protective shield and the drying liquid film forms a calmed, but highly enriched, weak air flow, which is constantly renewed by exchange with the residual air flowing transversely over the porous medium and thus, due to the relatively short overall length, a predrying of the liquid film with reduced tendency to mottling is achieved .
  • This type of drying is characterized by the predominant diffusion of the solvent vapor / air mixture through the porous protective shield, which means that if there is almost no convective removal within the space between the belt and the protective shield, the liquid film can only dry out completely if the dryer lengths are very large or by adding downstream auxiliary dryers.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method and an apparatus to such an extent that a solvent of a liquid layer on a moving carrier material evaporates so quickly and sufficiently in a first drying step that the liquid layer is insensitive to blowing in a subsequent drying step.
  • This object is achieved by a method of the type described in the introduction in such a way that the carrier material floats freely along a path on a support pad from the drying gas, which is against the Flows on the underside of the carrier material, is carried out that a large part of the solvent components evaporates through the heated drying gas and that the vapors of the solvent components are removed from the top of the carrier material with the aid of gas.
  • the carrier material runs horizontally or along a curved path through the drying zone and carries the liquid layer to be dried on its top.
  • the drying gas is air, which is heated up and supplies the drying energy for the liquid layer to the carrier material, and the air supply systems on the top and the bottom of the carrier material are separated from one another.
  • the two gas or air supply systems are operated openly against one another, and excess gas or excess air flowing out laterally of the upper gas or air supply system is discharged from the exhaust gas or exhaust air of the lower gas or air supply system.
  • the working width of the gas or air supply system on the upper side of the carrier material web is expediently chosen to be wider than the width of the gas or air supply system on the underside of the carrier material web.
  • the air is laminar and even through the upper air supply system ßig supplied, the difference in speed between the carrier material and the air from the application for the liquid layer to the end of the pre-drying is less than 0.25 m / sec.
  • the method is used either in such a way that the carrier material is guided horizontally flat and the gas or air supply system on the underside of the carrier material is aligned horizontally and flat, or that the carrier material is guided in a curved manner and the gas or air supply system on the underside of the carrier material is aligned with the same curvature as the carrier material.
  • a device for drying a liquid layer applied to a moving carrier material, which contains vaporizable solvent components and solid components, by means of a heated drying gas or drying air is characterized by the fact that below and above a moving carrier material to which an application device applies a liquid layer, one each Gas or air supply system is arranged, and that the carrier material is guided freely floating along a path on a support pad generated by the lower gas or air supply system through the drying zone.
  • the lower gas or air supply system has slots for the gas or air arranged transversely to the running direction of the carrier material supply and return channels for gas or air discharge and alternate the slots and the return channels to each other to the gas or air that emerges from the slots arranged on the left and right of a return channel between the carrier material and the Drain the top of the gas or air supply system into the return duct.
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • a carrier material 2 is guided around a roller 13 and runs horizontally through the Device 1 up to a further roller 13, around which the carrier material 2 is deflected from the horizontal position into a vertical position.
  • an application device 5 for example a slot die, through which a liquid layer 3 is applied to the carrier material 2.
  • the liquid layer 3 contains vaporizable solvent components and solid components which are sensitive to light, for example.
  • the invention is described on the basis of a device in which a liquid layer is dried, the solid components of which are light- or photosensitive masses, which are applied and dried continuously on a metal strip.
  • the invention is in no way limited to light-sensitive layers, but rather can also be used to dry other liquid layers which are sensitive to blowing by air or gas flows.
  • instead of metal tapes, foil, paper tapes or the like can also form the carrier material.
  • the application device 5 is arranged, for example, in the 9 o'clock position near the first roller 13.
  • the carrier material 2 with the liquid layer 3 located thereon is guided through the device 1 along a horizontally running carrier material web 24.
  • An air or gas supply system 11 or 12 is located below and above the carrier material web 24.
  • the lower gas or air supply system 11 has a smaller width than the upper gas or air supply system stem 12 on. If only the air discharge and air supply systems are spoken of, these terms also include gas discharge and gas supply systems, for example for inert gases. Both air supply systems are each housed in unspecified housings.
  • the carrier material 2 is guided in a free-floating manner through a drying zone 21 of the device 1 along the carrier material web 24 by means of an air support cushion which is generated by the lower air supply system 11.
  • the lower air supply system 11 has slots 14 which are arranged transversely to the running direction of the carrier material 2 and through which supply air 8 flows against the underside of the carrier material 2.
  • This supply air 8 of the lower air supply system 11 is generally hot air.
  • the slots 14 and the suction channels 15 are arranged alternately, so that the supply air 8 from the slots 14 to the left and right of a suction channel 15 between the underside of the carrier material 2 and the top of the air supply system 11 along the underside of the carrier material in the direction of the associated suckback channel 15 streams.
  • each section 7 consists of two filter plates 4 made of a material provided with pores, a gap 22 being left open between these two filter plates 4.
  • the supply air 9 is directed to the coated carrier material 2 by baffles 23 and is returned as exhaust air or return air 6 via the surface of the carrier material web 24.
  • the baffles 23 are slightly curved inwards on the underside of the sections 7 and are arranged in pairs, terminating with the side edges of the filter plates 4 of a section 7.
  • the baffles are arranged vertically above the filter plates 4.
  • the device 1 works on the principle of the rear heating of the coated carrier material 2 with hot air and layer-side removal of the vapors of the solvent components with a layer-gentle air flow on the top of the carrier material 2.
  • the drying is complete when sufficient solvent components have evaporated, so that on the Carrier material 2 remaining solid components form a layer that has become largely insensitive to blowing by gas or air currents in a subsequent drying.
  • another gas such as nitrogen, can be used for drying instead of air.
  • any number of sections 7 are provided in the upper air supply system 12, via which supply air is supplied and exhaust air flows out.
  • the incoming and outgoing air flowing through the porous materials of the filter plates 4 is laminar and uniform, the difference in speed between the coated carrier material 2 and the supply air 9 from the application device 5 to the end of the predrying zone 21 being less than 0.25 m / sec. This ensures that there is no layer blowing of the liquid layer 3.
  • the return flow or exhaust air 6 enriched with the vapors of the solvent components is fed through the upper air supply system 12, for example, to a condenser (not shown) for the solvent component vapors, in which the vapors condense to the liquid solvent components and either worked up again or, after appropriate treatment, in environmentally friendly products for the landfill can be split.
  • the working width of the upper air supply system 12 is always larger than the working width of the lower air supply system 11 and thus also larger than the largest carrier material width, an undisturbed air movement over the coated carrier material 2 is obtained.
  • the special design of the lower air supply system 11 with the slots 14 and the return suction channels 15 ensures that the coated carrier material 2 runs smoothly and without vibrations along the carrier material web 24.
  • the carrier material web 25 runs in an arc with a small curvature.
  • the air supply systems 11 and 12 are also curved and arranged at a distance from the curved carrier material web 25. All other structural units of this second embodiment largely correspond to the components of the first embodiment and are therefore not described again.
  • FIG. 3 The cross-sectional illustration shown in FIG. 3 along the line I-I in FIG. 1 shows that the two air supply systems 11 and 12 are designed to be open to one another and are only separated from one another by a partition 27 with an opening 26 and the coated carrier material 2 above the opening 26.
  • the supply air 8 of the lower air supply system 11 is prevented by the carrier material 2 coated with the liquid layer 3 and by side cover plates 10 from flowing directly into the upper air zone 19.
  • the small amounts of air that flow laterally and at the edges of the carrier material 2 and the cover plates 10 as excess air 20 from an under air zone 28 into the upper air zone 19 are removed by the exhaust air or return air 6 of the upper air supply system 12. Conversely, excess air of the upper air supply system is removed from the exhaust air of the lower air supply system.
  • the lower air supply systems of a third and fourth embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the device according to the invention differ only in that in the third embodiment the carrier material 2 is guided along a flat horizontal carrier material web 24 and in the fourth embodiment the carrier material web 25 and also the lower air supply system 11 are slightly curved.
  • the air supply system 11 comprises a number of cylindrical bodies 17 which are arranged at a distance from one another in the transverse direction to the carrier material web 24 or 25.
  • the supply air 8 can flow in and the exhaust air 16 can flow out through the gap between the cylindrical bodies 17.
  • the cylindrical bodies 17 are arranged at a distance from one another along an arc which has the same curvature as the carrier material web 25.
  • the cylindrical bodies 17 are heated by the inflowing, hot supply air 8, as a result of which such an air supply system 11 is distinguished by particularly good and uniform heating of the carrier material 2.
  • FIG. 6 shows a lower air supply system 11 of a fifth embodiment of the device, which comprises air inflow plates 18 made of porous material.
  • the carrier material web 24 runs flat and horizontally, and the air supply system 11 is also designed horizontally.
  • the supply air 8 of the air supply system 11 exits through the porous material of the flat air inflow plates 18 in the direction of the underside of the carrier material 2 and flows out as exhaust air 16 in return suction channels 15, which between rule the plates 18 and are present on the outer edges of the plates.
  • the return suction channels 15 are arranged between the inflow zones transversely to the running direction of the carrier material web 24.
  • the sixth embodiment of the lower air supply system 11 according to FIG. 7 differs from FIG. 6 only in that the air supply system and also the carrier material web 25 are slightly curved.
  • the air supply system 11 accordingly has curved air inflow plates 29, which have the same curvature as the carrier material web 25.
  • the air inflow plates 29 are arranged at a distance from one another, and the exhaust air 16 flows out through suction channels 15, which are arranged between the plates 29 and on the outer edges of the plates.
  • the upper air supply systems 12 belonging to the lower air supply systems 11 according to FIGS. 4 to 7 are similar to the upper air supply system 12 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and are therefore not shown again.
  • the lower air supply systems 11 described here work with an air support cushion without mechanical support elements for the underside of the carrier material band.
  • the air flow conditions above and below the carrier material web must be precisely coordinated in order to achieve a smooth and vibration-free belt run.
  • the curved or curved web guide of the carrier material strip shows better web stabilization than the horizontal web guide and leads to vibration-free and smooth running of the carrier material band without great effort.
  • FIG. 8 shows the graphical relationship between the contact force P of the belt on the air cushion, the belt tension Z and the air speed v of the supply air, which flows against the underside of the carrier material band with a slightly curved carrier material web.
  • the following applies to the force balance of a belt on a slightly curved guideway with air cushion: with the contact force P (N / m2) of the tape on the air cushion, the imaginary diameter D (m) of the curved carrier material web, the tape tension Z B x S x K, with the web width B (m), the web thickness S (m) and the specific tape tension K (N / mm2), usually ⁇ 10 N / mm2, neglecting the weight of the carrier material tape.
  • the support air cushion of the supply air of the lower air supply system must counteract the contact pressure P of the carrier material band with at least the same force in order to avoid contact between the carrier material band and the upper side of the lower air supply system.
  • the carrier air flows under the carrier material band into the return suction channels, as described above. This is done with the air velocity v corresponding to the pneumatic pressure of the air cushion, for which the Bernoulli equation applies: with the air velocity v (m / s) and the density of the air ⁇ (kg / m3).
  • the outflow speed of the rear exhaust air 16 together with the air temperature, determines the speed of the strip heating or the speed of evaporation of the solvent components of the liquid layer.
  • the diagram of FIG. 8 shows the associated minimum outflow velocity v1 of the exhaust air 16 of the lower air supply system 12.
  • the relationship for the contact force P shows that this is independent of the bandwidth B and only depends on the strip thickness S, the specific strip tension K and the diameter D of the curved carrier material web 25.
  • the contact force P the tape tension Z, the tape thickness S and the square of the air velocity v 2
  • these sizes being approximately proportional to the necessary drying time are. In other words, this means that the drying times depend essentially on the strip thickness S.
  • Figure 8 shows a linear relationship between the tape tension Z and the contact force P, with the parameters D1 and D2 equal to the diameters of differently curved carrier layer sheets 25.
  • the belt tension Z1 greater than Z2 must be selected. In other words, this means that the greater the curvature or the smaller D, the more stable the tape guide with a small contact force or low air speed v.
  • the carrier material can also be supported on all devices, i.e. not floating, being led.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
EP90115682A 1989-08-22 1990-08-16 Dispositif pour le séchage d'une couche liquide appliquée sur un substrat en mouvement Expired - Lifetime EP0414125B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3927627A DE3927627A1 (de) 1989-08-22 1989-08-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen einer auf einem bewegten traegermaterial aufgebrachten fluessigkeitsschicht
DE3927627 1989-08-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0414125A2 true EP0414125A2 (fr) 1991-02-27
EP0414125A3 EP0414125A3 (en) 1992-05-20
EP0414125B1 EP0414125B1 (fr) 1994-12-21

Family

ID=6387576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90115682A Expired - Lifetime EP0414125B1 (fr) 1989-08-22 1990-08-16 Dispositif pour le séchage d'une couche liquide appliquée sur un substrat en mouvement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5147690A (fr)
EP (1) EP0414125B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0398673A (fr)
DE (2) DE3927627A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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EP0528372A1 (fr) * 1991-08-21 1993-02-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour le guidage sans contact d'une bande continue revêtue
CN103814266A (zh) * 2011-08-01 2014-05-21 Fmp技术有限责任公司液体测量及工程 干燥被施用于基底的流体膜的方法和装置
WO2019101808A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Module de ventilation d'une installation d'étirage de film et installation d'étirage de film de ce type

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JP2004322536A (ja) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 溶液製膜方法及び光学用ポリマーフィルム、偏光板保護膜、偏光板、光学機能性膜、液晶表示装置
JP3718688B2 (ja) * 2003-06-17 2005-11-24 東京エレクトロン株式会社 加熱装置
CN100537234C (zh) * 2005-02-18 2009-09-09 加拿大柯达图形通信公司 用于加热物体的方法和设备
DE102005017152B4 (de) * 2005-04-13 2007-02-08 Lindauer Dornier Gmbh Verfahren zum Trocknen von vorzugsweise plattenförmigen Produkten und Durchlauftrockner in Mehretagenbauweise
DE102005054995B4 (de) * 2005-07-28 2014-03-13 Otto Junker Gmbh Düsensystem für die Behandlung von bahnförmigem Gut
JP4527670B2 (ja) * 2006-01-25 2010-08-18 東京エレクトロン株式会社 加熱処理装置、加熱処理方法、制御プログラムおよびコンピュータ読取可能な記憶媒体
US20070199206A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Park Namjeon Drying system for image forming machine
JP4341978B2 (ja) * 2007-03-02 2009-10-14 東京エレクトロン株式会社 基板処理装置
US8061055B2 (en) * 2007-05-07 2011-11-22 Megtec Systems, Inc. Step air foil web stabilizer
PL2516150T3 (pl) * 2009-12-22 2017-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Podłoża spajane i sposoby spajania podłoży
CN102753347B (zh) 2009-12-22 2015-01-07 3M创新有限公司 用于将流体喷射到基底上的设备和方法
US20120006256A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Apparatus for manufacturing ceramic green sheet
US9126224B2 (en) * 2011-02-17 2015-09-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for impinging fluids on substrates
US8956496B2 (en) 2011-06-14 2015-02-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for impinging a fluid on a substrate
DE102011080222A1 (de) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 Fmp Technology Gmbh Fluid Measurements & Projects Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung eines auf ein Substrat aufgetragenen Fluidfilms
RU2015101577A (ru) 2012-06-20 2016-08-20 Эфэмпи Текнолоджи Гмбх Флюид Межерментс & Проджектс Способ и устройство для сушки пленки текучей среды, нанесенной на подложку
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JP2015205261A (ja) * 2014-04-23 2015-11-19 Ｂｅｌｌｍａｔｉｃ株式会社 塗布システム
CN104907234B (zh) * 2015-07-08 2017-12-19 无锡顺达智能自动化工程股份有限公司 桥式烘干室
KR102008470B1 (ko) * 2015-08-25 2019-08-07 주식회사 엘지화학 필름 건조장치 및 이를 포함하는 필름 제조 시스템
EP3390500B1 (fr) * 2015-12-17 2023-06-07 OLBRICH GmbH Procédé pour traiter un adhésif et dispositif correspondant
CN107457163B (zh) * 2016-06-02 2023-07-04 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 涂布烘箱
CN110787976B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2023-08-08 杭州汇家厨卫用品有限公司 一种油漆烘箱

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EP0528372A1 (fr) * 1991-08-21 1993-02-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour le guidage sans contact d'une bande continue revêtue
US5293699A (en) * 1991-08-21 1994-03-15 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for guiding a coated material strip
CN103814266A (zh) * 2011-08-01 2014-05-21 Fmp技术有限责任公司液体测量及工程 干燥被施用于基底的流体膜的方法和装置
CN103814266B (zh) * 2011-08-01 2016-01-06 Fmp技术有限责任公司液体测量及工程 干燥被施用于基底的流体膜的方法和装置
WO2019101808A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Module de ventilation d'une installation d'étirage de film et installation d'étirage de film de ce type
KR20200085825A (ko) * 2017-11-22 2020-07-15 브뤼크너 마시넨바우 게엠바하 운트 코. 카게 필름 연신 시스템용 송기 모듈 및 이러한 유형의 필름 연신 시스템
KR102507823B1 (ko) 2017-11-22 2023-03-07 브뤼크너 마시넨바우 게엠바하 운트 코. 카게 필름 연신 시스템용 송기 모듈 및 이러한 유형의 필름 연신 시스템
US11897179B2 (en) 2017-11-22 2024-02-13 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH Ventilation module for a film stretching system and film stretching system of this type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3927627A1 (de) 1991-02-28
EP0414125B1 (fr) 1994-12-21
US5147690A (en) 1992-09-15
EP0414125A3 (en) 1992-05-20
JPH0398673A (ja) 1991-04-24
DE59008062D1 (de) 1995-02-02

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