EP0400350B1 - Elément de construction - Google Patents

Elément de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0400350B1
EP0400350B1 EP19900108421 EP90108421A EP0400350B1 EP 0400350 B1 EP0400350 B1 EP 0400350B1 EP 19900108421 EP19900108421 EP 19900108421 EP 90108421 A EP90108421 A EP 90108421A EP 0400350 B1 EP0400350 B1 EP 0400350B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction element
element according
pieces
metal strip
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900108421
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0400350A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Dingler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT90108421T priority Critical patent/ATE99018T1/de
Priority claimed from US07/615,349 external-priority patent/US5538785A/en
Publication of EP0400350A1 publication Critical patent/EP0400350A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0400350B1 publication Critical patent/EP0400350B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E04C2/18—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/22—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
    • Y10T428/31522—Next to metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-A-1 952 372 discloses a method for producing elastic building materials, from which the features of the preamble of claim 1 can be found.
  • metal metal wool
  • plastic or wood or even paper can then be introduced into the plastic, which in turn is also represented by rubber foam or polystyrene.
  • This core material can then be covered with any boards made of wood (wood veneer), plastic or woven fabrics.
  • this known method therefore shows no way of creating a component that e.g. Can replace conventional wooden panels or boards.
  • Such components made of wooden panels or wooden boards can be used in particular in the field of concrete formwork.
  • Such plates usually have a thickness of 12-23 mm, a length of approximately 60 cm to 6 m and a width of approximately 20 to 250 cm. These sizes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The size information is only intended to provide an idea of the range of sizes.
  • Boards have thicknesses in the centimeter range, lengths in the lower meter range and widths in the lower decimeter range. They are used for wooden formwork beams, e.g. H-beam used. You can also hand in the floor boards or side boards for console railings.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a component with which one can replace panels and boards made of wood and which is very simple to manufacture and therefore cheap.
  • the fastening aids used since then, such as nails and screws, are said to continue to be usable, for which purpose conventional drilling techniques should also be applicable.
  • the above-mentioned disadvantages of wooden panels should at least be largely eliminated.
  • the admixture of the tape body which can be arranged in any orientation due to the limited proportion by weight and its brevity, gives the plastic, which is not usable per se, the necessary properties, so that one can also place high industrial and commercial requirements on such components.
  • the feature of claim 3 relieves the disposal in the plastic field and also lowers the material costs to such an extent that the component is cheaper than wood.
  • claims 8 to 10 ensure that the properties of the component are not noticeably changed by the emigration of the plasticizers.
  • the further developing feature according to claim 11 gives very inexpensive and particularly suitable for the reinforcement tape body. Because on the one hand, the waste from the cutting industry is disposed of and on the other hand the surface of such chips is naturally cracked and rough, so that the chips bond intimately with the plastic.
  • Chip dimensions according to claims 12 to 16 have proven very useful in the test for components in the construction industry.
  • the configuration according to claim 19 saves weight.
  • the component can be given properties that the wood with its natural growth conditions can never have.
  • a coloring according to claim 33 can serve as a color marking for certain properties of the component in order to facilitate its use.
  • the material is compressed.
  • one is able to manufacture the component continuously over great lengths.
  • the component is adapted to the preferred application.
  • the use according to claim 37 also corresponds to the special design of the component.
  • a structural relief according to claim 39 can be realized easily and permanently in plastic, whereby one is not limited to the wood grain.
  • the component can be used in a wide range, the resistance range according to claim 41 being particularly important for the construction industry because the pH of cement milk is 13.3.
  • a plate 11 is 9 cm thick, around 2.60 m long and around 1.35 m wide. It contains 10% aluminum chips, 10% steel chips and 5% chopped glass fiber, the latter to increase the shear strength.
  • the plastic is recycled thermoplastic, which was previously granulated and largely consists of polyolefins.
  • the evenly distributed mixture was put into a mold to make the plate 11.
  • the mold had a temperature between 150 ° and 200 ° C with a best temperature around 180 ° C. The mixture stayed in the mold for about 6 minutes.
  • the press tool was cooled.
  • the specific pressure with which the pressing was carried out was between 250 N / mm2 and 550 N / mm2 with an optimum pressure in the range from 300 to 330 N / mm2.
  • the chips that can be used can be found in the book "Manufacturing Processes", Volume 1 by König, VDI-Verlags GmbH, pages 142 to 148, in particular Figure 6-24.
  • the pressing pressure was generated by a stamp which exerts pressure on one of the larger surfaces of the plate 11, perpendicular to this surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows two plates 12, 13 of this type, which were butt-connected with one end surface 14 by a weld 16.
  • the weld 16 was ground again after welding, insofar as it protruded beyond the surface boundaries of the plates 12, 13.
  • a new plate 17 of approximately 2.60 x 2.60 m has thus been created.
  • FIG. 3 shows an H-beam 18 which is frequently used in the construction industry.
  • H-beam 18 can be produced in the standard lengths of 2.45 m, 2.90 m, 3.60 m, 3.90 m, 4.90 m, 5.90 m etc. Its characteristic values are as follows: Mzul. better than 5.0 kNm, Qzul. better than 11.0 kNm, weight less than 5kg / m.
  • the height of the H-beam 18 is e.g. 20cm and the width of the boards 19, 21 is 8 cm.
  • Panels can also be designed so that they e.g. for slab formwork - in connection with the H-beams. You can e.g. replace the 22 mm thick so-called 3-SO three-layer panels and can then have panel sizes of 50/200 cm, 100/200 cm, 50/250 cm and 100/250 cm. However, the panels can also be used in formwork panels such as those used in automatic climbing machines.
  • the components produced by the invention have the advantage that they are accurate to the tenth of a millimeter and remain so.
  • the invention does not need this.
  • LDPE plastic with a density of less than 0.93 can also be used, in which case the modulus of elasticity is 170 N / mm2 and less.
  • the components can also be produced using the extrusion process. In particular, this applies to components that have a rod-like shape, such as the carrier according to Figure 3. But plates and boards can also be extruded. Then - as with all extrusion processes - the material is cut to size. However, you have to add a pressure chamber to the mouthpiece of the extruder, in which the material remains until it is solid. Such a chamber can be closed, e.g. 8 m long, and the material is then cut off in the chamber after it has hardened. The chamber is then only opened to remove one or more sections.
  • the chamber in its wall area opposite the mouthpiece of the extruder with a recess corresponding to the outline of the extruded material, so that the extruded material is continuously released through this opening.
  • the material can be cut off under atmospheric pressure. Then of course you have to seal the gap between the chamber opening and the material.
  • metal ribbon bodies which are statistically evenly distributed and are thin even in relation to the component. This can be used to heat the component. Is the component a formwork panel for concrete formwork, then you can, for example, do winter construction by contactlessly feeding the metal strip bodies with electromagnetic energy. This can be done, for example, via microwave generators, as are known, for example, from microwave ovens, or according to the induction principle, as is known both in industry and in the home. Such electromagnetic transmitters must be provided in such applications on the outer side of the formwork facing away from the concrete and irradiate the formwork panels with the waves. This has the advantage that the components remain free of electrical voltage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (41)

  1. Elément de construction en matière plastique dans lequel des corps en bande métallique sont uniformément répartis de manière statistique, l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction étant nettement inférieure à l'une des autres dimensions,
    caractérisé par les caractéristiques :
    a) l'élément de construction contient en poids plus de 50 % de matière plastique et moins de 50 % de corps en bande métallique,
    b) les corps en bande métallique ont une longueur inférieure à l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction.
  2. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique est une matière thermoplastique.
  3. Elément de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière thermoplastique est au moins en grande partie une matière thermoplastique recyclée.
  4. Elément de construction selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que cette proportion est comprise entre 70 et 100 %.
  5. Elément de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique contient au moins jusqu'à 30 % d'oléfine.
  6. Elément de construction selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient au moins 40 % d'oléfine.
  7. Elément de construction selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient au moins 50 % d'oléfine.
  8. Elément de construction selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion des matières plastiques contenant des plastifiants est inférieure à 20 % en poids.
  9. Elément de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que cette proportion est inférieure à 10 %.
  10. Elément de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que cette proportion est inférieure à 5 %.
  11. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique sont des copeaux tels que ceux qui se forment lors de l'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux.
  12. Elément de construction selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les copeaux ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm et une longueur plusieurs fois supérieure à leur épaisseur.
  13. Elément de construction selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les copeaux ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 3 mm.
  14. Elément de construction selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les copeaux ont une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 2 mm environ.
  15. Elément de construction selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les copeaux ont une longueur comprise entre plusieurs millimètres et environ l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction.
  16. Elément de construction selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les copeaux ont une longueur comprise entre 3 et 20 mm.
  17. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique sont en acier.
  18. Elément de construction selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'acier est de l'acier spécial.
  19. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique sont faits d'un alliage d'aluminium.
  20. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique sont dégraissés.
  21. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique portent à leur surface un pont adhésif.
  22. Elément de construction selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que le pont adhésif est un pont adhésif de chromatation.
  23. Elément de construction selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que le pont adhésif est un pont adhésif de phosphatation.
  24. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps en bande métallique sont faits d'un mélange de différents métaux.
  25. Elément de construction selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que le mélange comprend des corps en bande d'alliage d'aluminium et des corps en bande d'acier.
  26. Elément de construction selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que le mélange contient environ 30 % en poids d'alliage d'aluminium et environ 10 à 20 % d'acier.
  27. Elément de construction selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué au maximum de 30 % en poids de copeaux et d'au moins 70 % en poids de matière plastique.
  28. Elément de construction selon les revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un module d'élasticité de plusieurs centaines de N/mm² jusqu'à 20 000 N/mm².
  29. Elément de construction selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que la limite inférieure est supérieure à 500 N/mm².
  30. Elément de construction selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que la limite inférieure est de 900 N/mm².
  31. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique contient des additifs de fibres minérales.
  32. Elément de construction selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que les fibres minérales sont des fibres de verre.
  33. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique contient des colorants.
  34. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est moulé dans un outil de moulage par compression.
  35. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est extrudé.
  36. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente les dimensions des panneaux pour coffrages d'éléments pour le bâtiment.
  37. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est intégré dans des poutres et a la forme de poutres de coffrage en bois.
  38. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs éléments sont soudés entre eux bout à bout sur les côtés.
  39. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un relief structuré sur l'un de ses côtés.
  40. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il résiste aux lessives d'un pH compris entre 12 et 14.
  41. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sa surface de matière plastique résiste aux acides et aux lessives d'un pH compris entre 2 et 14.
EP19900108421 1989-05-24 1990-05-04 Elément de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0400350B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90108421T ATE99018T1 (de) 1989-05-24 1990-05-04 Bauelement.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3916938 1989-05-24
DE19893916938 DE3916938A1 (de) 1989-05-24 1989-05-24 Bauelement
US07/615,349 US5538785A (en) 1990-11-14 1990-11-19 Construction element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0400350A1 EP0400350A1 (fr) 1990-12-05
EP0400350B1 true EP0400350B1 (fr) 1993-12-22

Family

ID=25881243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900108421 Expired - Lifetime EP0400350B1 (fr) 1989-05-24 1990-05-04 Elément de construction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5636492A (fr)
EP (1) EP0400350B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2995572B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2017143C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ281002B6 (fr)
DE (5) DE8916223U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2047747T3 (fr)

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CA2017143A1 (fr) 1990-11-24
DE4036151A1 (de) 1992-05-21
CA2017143C (fr) 1995-04-25
EP0400350A1 (fr) 1990-12-05
JP2995572B2 (ja) 1999-12-27
CZ281002B6 (cs) 1996-05-15
DE3916938A1 (de) 1990-11-29
ES2047747T3 (es) 1994-03-01
DE59003933D1 (de) 1994-02-03
CZ251990A3 (en) 1993-07-14
DE4020124C2 (de) 2000-03-02
DE8916223U1 (de) 1995-09-21
JPH0321769A (ja) 1991-01-30
US5636492A (en) 1997-06-10
DE4020124A1 (de) 1992-01-02

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