EP0400350B1 - Building element - Google Patents

Building element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0400350B1
EP0400350B1 EP19900108421 EP90108421A EP0400350B1 EP 0400350 B1 EP0400350 B1 EP 0400350B1 EP 19900108421 EP19900108421 EP 19900108421 EP 90108421 A EP90108421 A EP 90108421A EP 0400350 B1 EP0400350 B1 EP 0400350B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction element
element according
pieces
metal strip
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19900108421
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0400350A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Dingler
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT90108421T priority Critical patent/ATE99018T1/en
Priority claimed from US07/615,349 external-priority patent/US5538785A/en
Publication of EP0400350A1 publication Critical patent/EP0400350A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E04C2/18—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/22—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
    • Y10T428/31522—Next to metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-A-1 952 372 discloses a method for producing elastic building materials, from which the features of the preamble of claim 1 can be found.
  • metal metal wool
  • plastic or wood or even paper can then be introduced into the plastic, which in turn is also represented by rubber foam or polystyrene.
  • This core material can then be covered with any boards made of wood (wood veneer), plastic or woven fabrics.
  • this known method therefore shows no way of creating a component that e.g. Can replace conventional wooden panels or boards.
  • Such components made of wooden panels or wooden boards can be used in particular in the field of concrete formwork.
  • Such plates usually have a thickness of 12-23 mm, a length of approximately 60 cm to 6 m and a width of approximately 20 to 250 cm. These sizes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The size information is only intended to provide an idea of the range of sizes.
  • Boards have thicknesses in the centimeter range, lengths in the lower meter range and widths in the lower decimeter range. They are used for wooden formwork beams, e.g. H-beam used. You can also hand in the floor boards or side boards for console railings.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a component with which one can replace panels and boards made of wood and which is very simple to manufacture and therefore cheap.
  • the fastening aids used since then, such as nails and screws, are said to continue to be usable, for which purpose conventional drilling techniques should also be applicable.
  • the above-mentioned disadvantages of wooden panels should at least be largely eliminated.
  • the admixture of the tape body which can be arranged in any orientation due to the limited proportion by weight and its brevity, gives the plastic, which is not usable per se, the necessary properties, so that one can also place high industrial and commercial requirements on such components.
  • the feature of claim 3 relieves the disposal in the plastic field and also lowers the material costs to such an extent that the component is cheaper than wood.
  • claims 8 to 10 ensure that the properties of the component are not noticeably changed by the emigration of the plasticizers.
  • the further developing feature according to claim 11 gives very inexpensive and particularly suitable for the reinforcement tape body. Because on the one hand, the waste from the cutting industry is disposed of and on the other hand the surface of such chips is naturally cracked and rough, so that the chips bond intimately with the plastic.
  • Chip dimensions according to claims 12 to 16 have proven very useful in the test for components in the construction industry.
  • the configuration according to claim 19 saves weight.
  • the component can be given properties that the wood with its natural growth conditions can never have.
  • a coloring according to claim 33 can serve as a color marking for certain properties of the component in order to facilitate its use.
  • the material is compressed.
  • one is able to manufacture the component continuously over great lengths.
  • the component is adapted to the preferred application.
  • the use according to claim 37 also corresponds to the special design of the component.
  • a structural relief according to claim 39 can be realized easily and permanently in plastic, whereby one is not limited to the wood grain.
  • the component can be used in a wide range, the resistance range according to claim 41 being particularly important for the construction industry because the pH of cement milk is 13.3.
  • a plate 11 is 9 cm thick, around 2.60 m long and around 1.35 m wide. It contains 10% aluminum chips, 10% steel chips and 5% chopped glass fiber, the latter to increase the shear strength.
  • the plastic is recycled thermoplastic, which was previously granulated and largely consists of polyolefins.
  • the evenly distributed mixture was put into a mold to make the plate 11.
  • the mold had a temperature between 150 ° and 200 ° C with a best temperature around 180 ° C. The mixture stayed in the mold for about 6 minutes.
  • the press tool was cooled.
  • the specific pressure with which the pressing was carried out was between 250 N / mm2 and 550 N / mm2 with an optimum pressure in the range from 300 to 330 N / mm2.
  • the chips that can be used can be found in the book "Manufacturing Processes", Volume 1 by König, VDI-Verlags GmbH, pages 142 to 148, in particular Figure 6-24.
  • the pressing pressure was generated by a stamp which exerts pressure on one of the larger surfaces of the plate 11, perpendicular to this surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows two plates 12, 13 of this type, which were butt-connected with one end surface 14 by a weld 16.
  • the weld 16 was ground again after welding, insofar as it protruded beyond the surface boundaries of the plates 12, 13.
  • a new plate 17 of approximately 2.60 x 2.60 m has thus been created.
  • FIG. 3 shows an H-beam 18 which is frequently used in the construction industry.
  • H-beam 18 can be produced in the standard lengths of 2.45 m, 2.90 m, 3.60 m, 3.90 m, 4.90 m, 5.90 m etc. Its characteristic values are as follows: Mzul. better than 5.0 kNm, Qzul. better than 11.0 kNm, weight less than 5kg / m.
  • the height of the H-beam 18 is e.g. 20cm and the width of the boards 19, 21 is 8 cm.
  • Panels can also be designed so that they e.g. for slab formwork - in connection with the H-beams. You can e.g. replace the 22 mm thick so-called 3-SO three-layer panels and can then have panel sizes of 50/200 cm, 100/200 cm, 50/250 cm and 100/250 cm. However, the panels can also be used in formwork panels such as those used in automatic climbing machines.
  • the components produced by the invention have the advantage that they are accurate to the tenth of a millimeter and remain so.
  • the invention does not need this.
  • LDPE plastic with a density of less than 0.93 can also be used, in which case the modulus of elasticity is 170 N / mm2 and less.
  • the components can also be produced using the extrusion process. In particular, this applies to components that have a rod-like shape, such as the carrier according to Figure 3. But plates and boards can also be extruded. Then - as with all extrusion processes - the material is cut to size. However, you have to add a pressure chamber to the mouthpiece of the extruder, in which the material remains until it is solid. Such a chamber can be closed, e.g. 8 m long, and the material is then cut off in the chamber after it has hardened. The chamber is then only opened to remove one or more sections.
  • the chamber in its wall area opposite the mouthpiece of the extruder with a recess corresponding to the outline of the extruded material, so that the extruded material is continuously released through this opening.
  • the material can be cut off under atmospheric pressure. Then of course you have to seal the gap between the chamber opening and the material.
  • metal ribbon bodies which are statistically evenly distributed and are thin even in relation to the component. This can be used to heat the component. Is the component a formwork panel for concrete formwork, then you can, for example, do winter construction by contactlessly feeding the metal strip bodies with electromagnetic energy. This can be done, for example, via microwave generators, as are known, for example, from microwave ovens, or according to the induction principle, as is known both in industry and in the home. Such electromagnetic transmitters must be provided in such applications on the outer side of the formwork facing away from the concrete and irradiate the formwork panels with the waves. This has the advantage that the components remain free of electrical voltage.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-A-1 952 372 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von elastischen Baustoffen bekannt, dem die Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruch 1 zu entnehmen sind. Allerdings können danach nicht nur Bandkörper aus Metall (Metallwolle), sondern auch aus Kunststoff oder Holz oder gar Papier in den Kunststoff eingebracht werden, der seinerseits auch durch Gummischaum oder Styropor repräsentiert wird. Dieses Kernmaterial kann dann mit beliebigen Platten aus Holz (Holzfurnier), Kunststoff oder Webstoffen überzogen werden. Dieses bekannte Verfahren weist daher in seiner unspezifischen Allgemeinheit keinen Weg, wie man ein Bauelement schaffen kann, das z.B. herkömmliche Platten oder Bretter aus Holz zu ersetzen vermag.DE-A-1 952 372 discloses a method for producing elastic building materials, from which the features of the preamble of claim 1 can be found. However, not only metal (metal wool) tape bodies, but also plastic or wood or even paper can then be introduced into the plastic, which in turn is also represented by rubber foam or polystyrene. This core material can then be covered with any boards made of wood (wood veneer), plastic or woven fabrics. In its unspecific generality, this known method therefore shows no way of creating a component that e.g. Can replace conventional wooden panels or boards.

Solche Bauelemente aus Holzplatten oder Holzbrettern können insbesondere auf dem Gebiet von Betonschalungen eingesetzt werden. Derartige Platten haben meist eine Dicke von 12 - 23 mm, eine Länge von etwa 60 cm bis 6 m und eine Breite von etwa 20 bis 250 cm. Diese Größen schwanken von Hersteller zu Hersteller. Die Größenangaben sollen auch nur eine Vorstellung über den Größenordnungsbereich liefern. Bretter haben Dicken im Zentimeterbereich, Längen im unteren Meterbereich und Breiten im unteren Dezimeterbereich. Sie werden für Holzschalungsträger, z.B. H-Träger, verwendet. Sie können aber auch bei Konsolgeländern die Bodenbretter oder Seitenbretter abgeben.Such components made of wooden panels or wooden boards can be used in particular in the field of concrete formwork. Such plates usually have a thickness of 12-23 mm, a length of approximately 60 cm to 6 m and a width of approximately 20 to 250 cm. These sizes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The size information is only intended to provide an idea of the range of sizes. Boards have thicknesses in the centimeter range, lengths in the lower meter range and widths in the lower decimeter range. They are used for wooden formwork beams, e.g. H-beam used. You can also hand in the floor boards or side boards for console railings.

Platten sind praktisch immer aus mehreren Schichten wie Sperrholz aufgebaut und mit einem Schutzfilm versehen. Herkömmliche Bauelemente aus Holz, insbesondere Platten, haben folgende Nachteile:

  • 1. Die Platte dehnt sich bei Erwärmung nach unterschiedlichen Richtungen unterschiedlich weit aus.
  • 2. Werden Film-Schichtholzplatten hohen Temperaturbelastungen ausgesetzt,dann ergeben sich Blasenbildungen und Filmablösungen.
  • 3. Es ist schwierig, die Oberfläche gegenüber Zementleim abweisend zu machen. Und diese Eigenschaft der Abweisung reduziert sich im Lauf der Zeit, weshalb besondere Reinigungsanlagen notwendig sind.
  • 4. Es müssen Trennmittel verwendet werden um ein Haften am Beton zu verhindern.
  • 5. Die zur Verdichtung des Betons eingesetzten Röttler können die Filmschicht ablösen.
  • 6. Holz verändert seine Form nach Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme.
  • 7. Holzplatten können durch Fäulnis oder Pilzbefall verrotten.
  • 8. Es ist nicht möglich, eine Schalform im Größenordnungsbereich von Zehntel-Millimeter festzulegen.
  • 9. Da die Randkanten Schnittstellen sind, müssen sie besonders versiegelt werden.
  • 10. Eine Vergrößerung der Plattengröße ist mit überproportional höheren Kosten zu erreichen. Dabei besteht seit einiger Zeit der Trend zu Großflächen-Schalelementen.
Panels are practically always made up of several layers like plywood and covered with a protective film. Conventional components made of wood, especially panels, have the following disadvantages:
  • 1. The plate expands differently when heated in different directions.
  • 2. If film-laminated wood panels are exposed to high temperature loads, blistering and film detachment result.
  • 3. It is difficult to make the surface repellent to cement paste. And this property of rejection is reduced over time, which is why special cleaning systems are necessary.
  • 4. Release agents must be used to prevent sticking to the concrete.
  • 5. The rubella used to compact the concrete can peel off the film layer.
  • 6. Wood changes shape after absorbing moisture.
  • 7. Wooden panels can rot due to rotting or fungal attack.
  • 8. It is not possible to define a scarf shape in the order of tenths of a millimeter.
  • 9. Since the edges are interfaces, they have to be specially sealed.
  • 10. An increase in the plate size can be achieved with disproportionately higher costs. There has been a trend towards large-area formwork elements for some time now.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Bauelement anzugeben, mit dem man Platten und Bretter aus Holz ersetzen kann und das sehr einfach in der Herstellung und damit billig ist. Die seither verwendeten Befestigungshilfsmittel, wie Nägel und Schrauben, sollen weiterhin verwendbar sein, wozu auch übliche Bohrtechniken anwendbar sein sollen. Die oben genannten Nachteile von Holzplatten sollen zumindest zum größeren Teil ausgeschaltet werden.The object of the invention is to provide a component with which one can replace panels and boards made of wood and which is very simple to manufacture and therefore cheap. The fastening aids used since then, such as nails and screws, are said to continue to be usable, for which purpose conventional drilling techniques should also be applicable. The above-mentioned disadvantages of wooden panels should at least be largely eliminated.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Durch die Beimengung der Bandkörper, die sich aufgrund des beschränkten Gewichtsanteils und ihrer Kürze in jeder Orientierung anordnen, erhält der an sich nicht brauchbare Kunststoff die notwendigen Eigenschaften, so daß man an solche Bauelemente auch hohe industrielle und gewerbliche Anforderungen stellen kann.The admixture of the tape body, which can be arranged in any orientation due to the limited proportion by weight and its brevity, gives the plastic, which is not usable per se, the necessary properties, so that one can also place high industrial and commercial requirements on such components.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 erreicht man, daß das Bauelement leichter hergestellt und besser recycelt werden kann, wenn es abgenutzt ist. Dies wäre mit Duroplasten nicht möglich.Due to the features of claim 2 one achieves that the component can be manufactured more easily and can be better recycled when it is worn out. This would not be possible with thermosets.

Durch das Merkmal des Anspruchs 3 entlastet man die Entsorgung auf dem Kunststoffgebiet und senkt zudem die Material kosten soweit, daß das Bauelement billiger als aus Holz wird.The feature of claim 3 relieves the disposal in the plastic field and also lowers the material costs to such an extent that the component is cheaper than wood.

Die Ausgestaltungen nach den Ansprüchen 5 bis 7 bewähren sich besonders in der Bauindustrie. Der Zement klebt dann noch weniger am Kunststoff.The configurations according to claims 5 to 7 have proven particularly useful in the construction industry. The cement then sticks even less to the plastic.

Durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 erreicht man, daß das Bauelement durch das Auswandern der Weichmacher in seinen Eigenschaften nicht merkbar verändert wird.The features of claims 8 to 10 ensure that the properties of the component are not noticeably changed by the emigration of the plasticizers.

Durch das weiterbildende Merkmal nach Anspruch 11 erhält man sehr preiswerte und für die Verstärkung besonders geeignete Bandkörper. Denn einerseits werden damit die Abfälle der spanabhebenden Industrie entsorgt und andererseits ist die Oberfläche solcher Späne von Natur aus rissig und rauh, so daß sich die Späne innig mit dem Kunststoff verbinden.The further developing feature according to claim 11 gives very inexpensive and particularly suitable for the reinforcement tape body. Because on the one hand, the waste from the cutting industry is disposed of and on the other hand the surface of such chips is naturally cracked and rough, so that the chips bond intimately with the plastic.

Spanabmessungen gemäß der Ansprüche 12 bis 16 haben sich im Versuch für Bauelemente in der Bauindustrie sehr bewährt.Chip dimensions according to claims 12 to 16 have proven very useful in the test for components in the construction industry.

Gemäß Anspruch 17 kann man den häufig in der Industrie anfallenden Spanabfall heranziehen und zudem benötigt man wenig Stahl, um die erforderliche Festigkeit zu erzielen.According to claim 17, one can use the chip waste that often occurs in industry and also requires little steel to achieve the required strength.

Gemäß Anspruch 18 erreicht man noch höhere Festigkeiten und eine Beständigkeit gegenüber Laugen und Säuren.According to claim 18, even higher strengths and resistance to alkalis and acids are achieved.

Durch die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 19 spart man Gewicht.The configuration according to claim 19 saves weight.

Mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 20 bis 23 wird die Haftung zwischen Kunststoff und Metall besser und die Korrosionsfestigkeit wird verbessert.With the features of claims 20 to 23, the adhesion between plastic and metal is better and the corrosion resistance is improved.

Durch eine Mischung der Metalle gemäß der Ansprüche 24 bis 26 kann man dem Bauelement Eigenschaften geben, wie sie das Holz mit seinen natürlichen Wachstumsbedingungen nie haben kann.By mixing the metals according to claims 24 to 26, the component can be given properties that the wood with its natural growth conditions can never have.

Ein Verhältnis gemäß Anspruch 27 hat sich bewährt.A relationship according to claim 27 has proven itself.

E-Module gemäß der Ansprüche 28 bis 30 wurden in Versuchen erreicht und sind erprobt.E-modules according to claims 28 to 30 were achieved in trials and are tried and tested.

Gemäß der Ansprüche 31 und 32 kann man die Elementeigenschaften in Bezug auf Stauchung verbessern, die auftritt, wenn das Material gebogen wird, und zwar im Gebiet kleinerer Krümmung.According to claims 31 and 32 one can improve the element properties with regard to compression which occurs when the material is bent, in the area of smaller curvature.

Eine Einfärbung nach Anspruch 33 kann als Farbmarkierung für bestimmte Eigenschaften des Bauelementes dienen, um dessen Verwendung zu erleichtern.A coloring according to claim 33 can serve as a color marking for certain properties of the component in order to facilitate its use.

Durch eine Bearbeitung nach Anspruch 34 wird das Material verdichtet.By processing according to claim 34, the material is compressed.

Gemäß Anspruch 35 ist man in der Lage, das Bauelement in großer Länge kontinuierlich zu fertigen.According to claim 35, one is able to manufacture the component continuously over great lengths.

Mit der Maßabstimmung nach Anspruch 36 ist das Bauelement dem bevorzugten Einsatzbereich angepaßt. Auch die Verwendung nach Anspruch 37 entspricht der besonderen Konzeption des Bauelementes.With the dimensioning according to claim 36, the component is adapted to the preferred application. The use according to claim 37 also corresponds to the special design of the component.

Durch das Merkmal des Anspruchs 38 erhält man sehr große Platten bei Vermeidung größerer technischer Schwierigkeiten und höherer Kosten.Due to the feature of claim 38 very large panels are obtained while avoiding major technical difficulties and higher costs.

Ein Strukturrelief gemäß Anspruch 39 läßt sich in Kunststoff leicht und dauerhaft realisieren, wobei man nicht auf die Holzmaserung beschränkt ist.A structural relief according to claim 39 can be realized easily and permanently in plastic, whereby one is not limited to the wood grain.

Durch die Resistenz gemäß Anspruch 40 läßt sich das Bauelement in einem weiten Bereich einsetzen, wobei der Resistenzbereich nach Anspruch 41 für die Bauindustrie besonders wichtig ist, weil der ph-Wert von Zementmilch bei 13,3 liegt.Due to the resistance according to claim 40, the component can be used in a wide range, the resistance range according to claim 41 being particularly important for the construction industry because the pH of cement milk is 13.3.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigt :

Fig.1
die perspektivische Ansicht einer Platte gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig.2
die perspektivische Ansicht zweier zusammengeschweißter Platten,
Fig.3
die Stirnansicht eines H-Trägers.
It shows :
Fig. 1
the perspective view of a plate according to the invention,
Fig. 2
the perspective view of two plates welded together,
Fig. 3
the front view of an H-beam.

Eine Platte 11 ist 9 cm dick, rund 2,60 m lang und rund 1,35 m breit.
Sie enthält 10 % Aluminiumspäne, 10 % Stahlspäne und 5 % gechoppte Glasfaser, letzteres zur Erhöhung der Schubfestigkeit. Der Kunststoff ist recycelter thermoplastischer Kunststoff, der vorher granuliert wurde und weitgehend aus Polyolefinen besteht. Die gleichmäßig verteilte Mischung wurde zur Herstellung der Platte 11 in eine Form eingegeben. Die Form hatte eine Temperatur zwischen 150° und 200°C mit einem besten Temperaturwert um 180°C. Die Mischung blieb etwa 6 Minuten in der Form. Das Preßwerkzeug wurde gekühlt. Der spezifische Druck, mit dem gepreßt wurde, betrug zwischen 250 N/mm² und 550 N/mm² mit einem im Optimum liegenden Druck im Bereich von 300 bis 330 N/mm².A plate 11 is 9 cm thick, around 2.60 m long and around 1.35 m wide.
It contains 10% aluminum chips, 10% steel chips and 5% chopped glass fiber, the latter to increase the shear strength. The plastic is recycled thermoplastic, which was previously granulated and largely consists of polyolefins. The evenly distributed mixture was put into a mold to make the plate 11. The mold had a temperature between 150 ° and 200 ° C with a best temperature around 180 ° C. The mixture stayed in the mold for about 6 minutes. The press tool was cooled. The specific pressure with which the pressing was carried out was between 250 N / mm² and 550 N / mm² with an optimum pressure in the range from 300 to 330 N / mm².

Die verwendbaren Späne können dem Buch "Fertigungsverfahren", Band 1 von König, VDI-Verlags GmbH, Seiten 142 bis 148, entnommen werden, insbesondere Bild 6-24. Der Preßdruck wurde durch einen Stempel erzeugt, der einen Druck auf eine der größeren Oberflächen der Platte 11, senkrecht zu dieser Oberfläche, ausübt.The chips that can be used can be found in the book "Manufacturing Processes", Volume 1 by König, VDI-Verlags GmbH, pages 142 to 148, in particular Figure 6-24. The pressing pressure was generated by a stamp which exerts pressure on one of the larger surfaces of the plate 11, perpendicular to this surface.

Figur 2 zeigt zwei Platten 12, 13 dieser Art, die stumpf mit ihrer einen Stirnfläche 14 durch eine Schweißnaht 16 miteinander verbunden wurden. Die Schweißnaht 16 wurde nach dem Schweißen wieder abgeschliffen, soweit sie über die Flächenbegrenzungen der Platten 12, 13 hinausstand. Es ist damit eine neue Platte 17 etwa von den Maßen 2,60 x 2,60 m entstanden.FIG. 2 shows two plates 12, 13 of this type, which were butt-connected with one end surface 14 by a weld 16. The weld 16 was ground again after welding, insofar as it protruded beyond the surface boundaries of the plates 12, 13. A new plate 17 of approximately 2.60 x 2.60 m has thus been created.

Figur 3 zeigt einen im Baugewerbe häufig verwendeten H-Träger 18.FIG. 3 shows an H-beam 18 which is frequently used in the construction industry.

Dieser kann entweder als einstückiges Bauelement hergestellt werden. Oder aber man stellt Bretter 19, 21, 22 her. Die Bretter 19, 21 erhalten Fügenuten 23 in ihrem aufeinander zugekehrten Mittenbereich und das Brett 22 erhält an seinen Enden Fügefedern 24. Die Verbindung von Nut und Feder geschieht durch Leimen Schweißen oder dergleichen. Man kann einen solchen H-Träger 18 in den Normlängen 2,45m, 2,90 m, 3,60 m, 3,90 m, 4,90 m, 5,90 m usw. herstellen. Seine charakteristischen Werte sind folgende: Mzul. besser als 5,0 kNm, Qzul. besser als 11,0 kNm, Gewicht kleiner als 5kg/m. Die Höhe des H-Trägers 18 ist z.B. 20cm und die Breite der Bretter 19, 21 ist 8 cm.This can either be manufactured as a one-piece component. Or you can make boards 19, 21, 22. The boards 19, 21 receive grooved grooves 23 in their mutually facing center area and the board 22 receives joint springs 24 at its ends. The tongue and groove are connected by gluing welding or the like. Such an H-beam 18 can be produced in the standard lengths of 2.45 m, 2.90 m, 3.60 m, 3.90 m, 4.90 m, 5.90 m etc. Its characteristic values are as follows: Mzul. better than 5.0 kNm, Qzul. better than 11.0 kNm, weight less than 5kg / m. The height of the H-beam 18 is e.g. 20cm and the width of the boards 19, 21 is 8 cm.

Platten können auch so gestaltet werden, daß sie die Schalhaut z.B. für Deckenschalungen - im Zusammenhang mit den H-Trägern - ergeben. Sie können damit z.B. die 22 mm dicken sogenannten 3-SO-Dreischichtplatten ersetzen und können dann Plattengrößen von 50/200 cm, 100/200 cm, 50/250 cm und 100/250 cm haben. Die Platten können aber auch bei solchen Schaltafeln eingesetzt werden, wie sie bei Kletterautomaten verwendet werden.Panels can also be designed so that they e.g. for slab formwork - in connection with the H-beams. You can e.g. replace the 22 mm thick so-called 3-SO three-layer panels and can then have panel sizes of 50/200 cm, 100/200 cm, 50/250 cm and 100/250 cm. However, the panels can also be used in formwork panels such as those used in automatic climbing machines.

Die durch die Erfindung hergestellten Bauelemente haben den Vorteil, auf den zehntel Millimeter genau maßhaltig zu sein und auch zu bleiben.The components produced by the invention have the advantage that they are accurate to the tenth of a millimeter and remain so.

Stößt man Holzbalken, Holztafeln oder dergleichen aus Holz bestehende Bauelemente mit der Kante auf einen harten Boden, dann spleißen sie dort aus. Deshalb wird häufig ein besonderer Kantenschutz in solchen Fällen verwendet. Die Erfindung benötigt dies nicht. Die Erfindung bevorzugt HDPE-Kunststoff (High Density Polyäthylen), dessen Dichte größer als 0,93 ist und der für sich gesehen (also ohne die Metallbandkörper) einen Elastizitätsmodul bis zu E = 1 500 N/mm² hat.If you hit wooden beams, wooden panels or similar wooden components with their edges on a hard floor, they will splic out there. Special edge protection is therefore often used in such cases. The invention does not need this. The invention prefers HDPE plastic (High Density Polyethylene), the density of which is greater than 0.93 and which per se (ie without the metal band body) has an elastic modulus of up to E = 1,500 N / mm².

Grundsätzlich kann man auch LDPE-Kunststoff mit einer Dichte von weniger als 0,93 verwenden, wobei dann der Elastizitätsmodul bei 170 N/mm² und weniger liegt.Basically, LDPE plastic with a density of less than 0.93 can also be used, in which case the modulus of elasticity is 170 N / mm² and less.

Die Bauelemente kann man auch im Extrusionsverfahren herstellen. Insbesondere gilt dies für Bauelemente, die stangenförmige Form haben, wie z.B. die Träger gemäß Figur 3. Aber auch Platten und Bretter kann man extrudieren. Man schneidet dann nachträglich - wie bei allen Extrusionsverfahren - das Material auf Maß. Allerdings muß man dem Mundstück des Extruders eine Druckkammer nachschalten, in der das Material solange bleibt, bis es fest ist. Eine solche Kammer kann geschlossen sein, z.B. 8 m lang sein, und man schneidet dann in der Kammer das Material ab, nachdem es ausgehärtet ist. Die Kammer wird dann nur geöffnet, um einen oder mehrere Abschnitte zu entnehmen.The components can also be produced using the extrusion process. In particular, this applies to components that have a rod-like shape, such as the carrier according to Figure 3. But plates and boards can also be extruded. Then - as with all extrusion processes - the material is cut to size. However, you have to add a pressure chamber to the mouthpiece of the extruder, in which the material remains until it is solid. Such a chamber can be closed, e.g. 8 m long, and the material is then cut off in the chamber after it has hardened. The chamber is then only opened to remove one or more sections.

Man kann aber die Kammer auch in ihrem gegenüber dem Mundstück des Extruders liegenden Wandbereich mit einer Ausnehmung entsprechend dem Umriß des extrudierten Materials versehen, so daß durch diese Öffnung das extrudierte Material kontinuierlich in das Freie gelangt. In diesem Fall kann man das Material unter Atmosphärendruck abschneiden. Man muß dann natürlich den Spalt zwischen der Kammeröffnung und dem Material abdichten.However, it is also possible to provide the chamber in its wall area opposite the mouthpiece of the extruder with a recess corresponding to the outline of the extruded material, so that the extruded material is continuously released through this opening. In this case, the material can be cut off under atmospheric pressure. Then of course you have to seal the gap between the chamber opening and the material.

In dem Bauelement befinden sich Metall-Bandkörper, die statistisch gesehen gleichmäßig verteilt sind und selbst im Verhältnis zum Bauelement dünn sind. Dies kann man dazu ausnützen, das Bauelement zu heizen. Ist das Bauelement eine Schalplatte für Betonschalungen, dann kann man z.B. Winterbau betreiben, indem man den Metall-Bandkörpern elektromagnetische Energie berührungslos zuführt. Dies kann z.B. über Mikrowellen-Generatoren geschehen, wie sie z.B. von Mikrowellenherden her bekannt sind, oder nach dem Induktionsprinzip, wie dies sowohl in der Industrie als auch im Haushalt bekannt ist. Solche elektromagnetischen Sender muß man in solchen Anwendungsfällen auf der äußeren, vom Beton abgewandten Seite der Schalung vorsehen und mit den Wellen die Schaltafeln bestrahlen. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Bauelemente frei von elektrischer Spannung bleiben.In the component there are metal ribbon bodies which are statistically evenly distributed and are thin even in relation to the component. This can be used to heat the component. Is the component a formwork panel for concrete formwork, then you can, for example, do winter construction by contactlessly feeding the metal strip bodies with electromagnetic energy. This can be done, for example, via microwave generators, as are known, for example, from microwave ovens, or according to the induction principle, as is known both in industry and in the home. Such electromagnetic transmitters must be provided in such applications on the outer side of the formwork facing away from the concrete and irradiate the formwork panels with the waves. This has the advantage that the components remain free of electrical voltage.

Claims (41)

  1. Construction element of plastic in which pieces of metal strip are, statistically, evenly distributed, the thickness dimension of the construction element being substantially less than one of the other dimensions,
    characterised by the following features:
    a) in terms of weight, the construction element comprises more than 50% plastic and less than 50% pieces of metal strip,
    b) the pieces of metal strip are shorter than the construction element is thick.
  2. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the plastic is a thermoplastic.
  3. Construction element according to Claim 2, characterised in that the thermoplastic is, at least in a large proportion, recycled thermoplastic.
  4. Construction element according to Claim 3, characterised in that the proportion is 70-100%.
  5. Construction element according to Claim 2, characterised in that the plastic comprises at least 30% olefins.
  6. Construction element according to Claim 5, characterised in that it comprises at least 40% olefins.
  7. Construction element according to Claim 5, characterised in that it comprises at least 50% olefins.
  8. Construction element according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the proportion of plastics having plasticisers is less than 20% by weight.
  9. Construction element according to Claim 8, characterised in that the proportion is less than 10%.
  10. Construction element according to Claim 8, characterised in that the proportion is less than 5%.
  11. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip are chips generated in metalcutting machining.
  12. Construction element according to Claim 11, characterised in that the chips are between 0.5 mm and 5 mm thick and a multiple of their thickness long.
  13. Construction element according to Claim 12, characterised in that the chips are 0.5 - 3 mm thick.
  14. Construction element according to Claim 12, characterised in that the chips are around 1 - 2 mm thick.
  15. Construction element according to Claim 12, characterised in that the chips are from several millimetres to about the thickness of the construction element long.
  16. Construction element according to Claim 15, characterised in that the chips are 3 - 20 mm long.
  17. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip are of steel.
  18. Construction element according to Claim 17, characterised in that the steel is stainless steel.
  19. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip are of an aluminium alloy.
  20. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip are degreased.
  21. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip bear a primer coating on their surface.
  22. Construction element according to Claim 21, characterised in that the primer coating is a chromating primer coating.
  23. Construction element according to Claim 21, characterised in that the primer coating is a phosphating primer coating.
  24. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip consist of a mixture of different metals.
  25. Construction element according to Claim 24, characterised in that the mixture comprises pieces of aluminium alloy/steel strip.
  26. Construction element according to Claim 25, characterised in that the mixture lies in the range of about 30 per cent by weight aluminium alloy and about 10 - 20% steel.
  27. Construction element according to Claim 11, characterized in that it consists of at most 30 per cent by weight chips and 70 per cent by weight plastic.
  28. Construction element according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that it has a modulus of elasticity of several hundred N/mm² to about 20,000 N/mm².
  29. Construction element according to Claim 28, characterized in that the lower limit lies above 500 N/mm².
  30. Construction element according to Claim 28, characterised in that the lower limit lies at 900 N/mm²
  31. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that mineral fibre additives are contained in the pastic.
  32. Construction element according to Claim 31, characterized in that the mineral fibres are glass fibres.
  33. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that colourants are contained in the plastic.
  34. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is pressed in a compression mould.
  35. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is extruded.
  36. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it has the dimensions of formwork panel sheets of element formwork for the construction trade.
  37. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is fitted in girders of the form of timber formwork girders.
  38. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of elements are welded to one another side by side.
  39. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it has a textured relief on its one side.
  40. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is resistant to alkaline solutions in the range of pH 12 - 14.
  41. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that its plastic surface is resistant to acids and alkalis in the range of pH 2 - 14.
EP19900108421 1989-05-24 1990-05-04 Building element Expired - Lifetime EP0400350B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT90108421T ATE99018T1 (en) 1989-05-24 1990-05-04 COMPONENT.

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DE19893916938 DE3916938A1 (en) 1989-05-24 1989-05-24 COMPONENT
DE3916938 1989-05-24
US07/615,349 US5538785A (en) 1990-11-14 1990-11-19 Construction element

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EP0400350A1 EP0400350A1 (en) 1990-12-05
EP0400350B1 true EP0400350B1 (en) 1993-12-22

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EP (1) EP0400350B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2995572B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2017143C (en)
CZ (1) CZ281002B6 (en)
DE (5) DE3916938A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2047747T3 (en)

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CA2017143A1 (en) 1990-11-24
CA2017143C (en) 1995-04-25
CZ251990A3 (en) 1993-07-14
CZ281002B6 (en) 1996-05-15
DE59003933D1 (en) 1994-02-03
JPH0321769A (en) 1991-01-30
DE4036151A1 (en) 1992-05-21
EP0400350A1 (en) 1990-12-05
DE3916938A1 (en) 1990-11-29
DE8916223U1 (en) 1995-09-21
ES2047747T3 (en) 1994-03-01
US5636492A (en) 1997-06-10
DE4020124C2 (en) 2000-03-02
DE4020124A1 (en) 1992-01-02

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