EP1095197A1 - Panneau de montage rapide et de decoffrage et procede permettant de le dresser et procede et dispositif permettant de le produire - Google Patents

Panneau de montage rapide et de decoffrage et procede permettant de le dresser et procede et dispositif permettant de le produire

Info

Publication number
EP1095197A1
EP1095197A1 EP00943551A EP00943551A EP1095197A1 EP 1095197 A1 EP1095197 A1 EP 1095197A1 EP 00943551 A EP00943551 A EP 00943551A EP 00943551 A EP00943551 A EP 00943551A EP 1095197 A1 EP1095197 A1 EP 1095197A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core material
chips
elements
glue
outer layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00943551A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gunter Tannhäuser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1999121037 external-priority patent/DE19921037C2/de
Priority claimed from DE1999137847 external-priority patent/DE19937847C1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1095197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1095197A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • B27N3/143—Orienting the particles or fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/04—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ready-to-use quick-assembly and formwork panel in a sandwich structure, made of a core material that is resistant to compression and shear and is coated on both sides with a tensile outer layer, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for dressing such a quick-assembly and formwork panel and a method and a device for their production.
  • the required cuts are made with a circular saw and, for complicated shapes, with a jigsaw.
  • Working with a circular saw is, in addition to pneumatic hammers, the loudest and most annoying source of noise in construction, and one of the main sources of accidents. Cutting is time-consuming, requires qualified handling and the operation of a circular saw.
  • the reuse of used formwork panels is often uneconomical, in addition to the accumulation of smaller and smaller pieces due to waste, also because they have to be cleaned and - if not coated with resin or foil - treated with formwork oil.
  • the cleaning not only serves to ensure perfect concrete surfaces, but is also necessary so that concrete residues do not blunt the saw blade of the circular saw. In addition, all scrap wire residues and nails must be removed, otherwise they will damage the circular saw blade and pose a significant risk of accidents.
  • the object of the invention is to at least partially remedy these disadvantages and to create a board which can be trimmed with simpler means or cleaner than was previously possible.
  • Gypsum plasterboards are easy to prepare, but are sensitive to moisture and breakage and therefore cannot be used as formwork panels. Otherwise, they cannot be prepared without dust and dirt.
  • Known formwork panels made of sandwich composite material can only be used as ready-made shells because of their difficult formability.
  • sandwich panels which are provided with semi-rigid plastic foams and outer layers which can be separated by the blade (for example "depafit” panels). These panels do not meet the static requirements for a quick-build or formwork panel.
  • the next-coming publication DE-PS 880 931 shows a building board with a filler layer made of a core material that o. Ried, straw or the like. is formed. According to the description, this building board is provided with a frame which prevents any cutting or the like, because it would then be cut and the reed filling would no longer hold together. It is not possible to prepare such a building board.
  • Outer layers can be severed with a blade hand tool in accordance with the desired dressing, the core material, for example following the cutting edge, can be broken off cleanly and at least the other outer layer can be broken off cleanly after kinking.
  • the term "clean" means that the core material or the other outer layer does not roughly fray, does not crumble and does not break in a zigzag manner when broken off.
  • the invention also has the task of further improving and reducing the cost of this quick-assembly and formwork panel and of providing a method for cutting it out as inexpensively as possible, with high accuracy and with a greatly reduced risk of error, even if complicated shapes are required. Furthermore, a method for producing such a panel and an apparatus for carrying out the method are to be specified.
  • the invention proposes to use a end grain board as the core material, in which the fiber course extends transversely to the outer layers.
  • a chipboard can also be used as the core material, in which the chips are oriented transversely and are held together by means of a glue, the lower supply of heat becoming liquid.
  • the board according to the invention obtains its strength from the tensile strength of its outer layers and the crush resistance of its outer and core material.
  • the dressing is done by cutting one of the outer layers, perhaps also the core material, with a knife and breaking the other outer layer by bending the panel apart at the point of separation.
  • one of the outer layers must be tensile but easily cut through, while the other outer layer must be tensile but breakable.
  • This requirement is met by very thinly cut veneers (so-called micro veneers) and press-tempered veneers, applied in several layers with an offset fiber direction, or pre-stretched polystyrene foils with hardener additives or hardening primer coatings.
  • outer layers are, for example, thin cardboard impregnated with phenolic resins and very thinly peeled, short-fiber Veneer (which does not form needles when broken), but also metal or plastic in the form of foils or thin plates, for example made of PMMA or two-sided expanded polystyrene with hardening admixtures.
  • hard or hard impregnated or soaked with well-adhering and strongly hardening materials or thin felts, especially fiber plastics come into question, as far as they can be cut with a simple knife.
  • EP and UP resins are conceivable as impregnation materials.
  • the tensile outer layer is reinforced with fiber fabric and can be cut, the compressive outer layer is harder and more shear-resistant, but it is breakable and less tensile.
  • all crush-resistant materials can be used as core material, which connect to the outer layers and are difficult to shear off, but at the same time are either easy to cut through or can be broken with little dust.
  • these are rigid foams and similar materials, especially those that can be produced with an increasing outward compression of the material, i.e. a skin, that shears off with difficulty and is increasingly resistant to compression on the outside, such as rigid PUR foams and surface-compressed rigid polystyrene foams.
  • adhesive materials that penetrate deeply into the foam such as two-component polyurethane foam adhesive, instead of the surface compaction, or to apply the outer layers with heat and pressure when using thermoplastic foams, so that the edge zones of the foam core are compressed at the same time.
  • Other core materials are cork, glass or metal foams and ceramic-like materials, bound natural fibers and residues (pressed wood fibers, peanut shells, cotton seeds), and other vegetable fibers with appropriate binding and preferably long, uniformly aligned fibers. Materials made of glazed, ceramicized and carbonized fibers are particularly preferred because of their favorable fire behavior in interior fittings.
  • Core material made of needles, tubes and straws or of segmented solid materials, for example in the form of blocks, which are connected to one another by friction or are only slightly glued for easier processing, but are firmly connected to the outer layers, are particularly suitable for higher loads.
  • Straws made from cereal or reed straw are particularly inexpensive, and advantageously segmented material is wood or pressed or extruded materials such as presswood, plastic renegates or hot-pressed plastic waste or other residues.
  • Particularly light versions result in balsa wood, which is preferably segmented (criss-cross-slotted), with surfaces made up of Hinrholz discs, along with tubes made from a wide variety of materials, such as light metal or plastic, possibly in various basic geometric shapes, as well as combinations of these elements.
  • mineral fibers are suitable as core material, which are arranged perpendicular to the outer layers and only slightly with each other, but more strongly with each other and with the outer layers in the edge zones by foam adhesive or the like are connected.
  • Cooked wood fibers can be used in a similar form, such as those in soft fiber insulation boards, but also chip or OSB cores, in which the chips are sieved and poured in such a way that they are aligned perpendicular to the outer layers and with the outer layers of the core material and firmly connected to the outer layers, but are only pressed together in the interior of the core material.
  • the elements of the segmented core material consist of cube-shaped blocks or rods with a square cross section.
  • core material made of fine pencils, for example a square cross-section, such as wooden pencils as used for matches.
  • core material made of fine pencils, for example a square cross-section, such as wooden pencils as used for matches.
  • core material made of fine pencils, for example a square cross-section, such as wooden pencils as used for matches.
  • a slightly unclean edge is formed, because the breaking edge of one outer layer does not exactly follow the cutting course of the other, but rather the position of the rods still held or separated under the cutting edge on the outer layer.
  • the tolerance is at most ⁇ one rod width and is therefore not greater than that of a cut with a circular or jigsaw.
  • the core material can also consist of veneers, preferably veneers made of peeled softwoods, which are pressed into thick packages with the same direction of grain and cut across the fiber into strip packages with the width that corresponds to the desired thickness of the core material of the later panels.
  • veneers preferably veneers made of peeled softwoods, which are pressed into thick packages with the same direction of grain and cut across the fiber into strip packages with the width that corresponds to the desired thickness of the core material of the later panels.
  • an outer layer is applied and the semi-finished sheet is drawn over a roller, which exposes it to a defined tension on the open top.
  • the veneers in the desired width of the chopsticks are continuously split by a cleaver mechanism. After returning to a tension-free state (possibly with a slight counter pressure), the rods stick together again and the other outer layer can be applied.
  • panels for lightweight construction can be produced from balsa wood, the core material preferably being composed of end grain panels cut flat, which can be cut lengthways and crosswise with blade shares before it is compressed again and connected to the outer layers.
  • the blade can cover both the outer layers and the core material made of balsa, hard foams, paper honeycomb structures (e.g. Nomex), corrugated cardboard, wood fiber materials or the like To cut cut. With thicker panels it is possible to use some core materials as far cut so that the remaining thickness of the material can be broken through. Accordingly, segmentation of the inner layer or an easily breakable core material would not be necessary here.
  • a particularly light but resilient design has a core material made of tubes which, due to uniform pressing from all sides, come into horizontal mutual frictional engagement and thereby assume an almost hexagonal cross section. In the uncompressed state, they preferably have a round cross section with six evenly arranged, light beads or reinforcements or have e.g. hexagonal cross-section with convexly curved, almost circular outer edges, so that there are no cross-sections deviating from the desired polygonal shape during pressing, which can occur in round tubes due to material tolerances and uneven pressure.
  • the advantage of this design is the low weight and the increased stability of the plate due to the horizontal prestressing of the core material. For formwork, however, this material should not be used with nails, but with other joining techniques.
  • honeycomb honeycomb structures made from extruded multiple profiles or from folded or stretched sheets, strips of impregnated cardboard or fiber plastics can also be used.
  • Honeycomb shapes made of blocks or rods with a hexagonal cross-section as core material are also possible; advantageously, every third element can be omitted without a substantial loss of stability, as a result of which the core material becomes lighter and material is saved.
  • Another advantageous embodiment is the combination of blocks and rods of hexagonal cross section with uniformly round tubes, which provide a pretension when pressed together. The combination of different materials can be advantageous.
  • the contact surfaces of the blocks provide a good bond with the outer layers.
  • the frictional, mutual connection of the individual elements of the core material results in high internal damping against vibrations.
  • This damping can be influenced by the material and surface of the elements, in the case of tubes also by wall thickness, shape and pressure in the manufacture of the core material, as well as by lamination technology and the properties of the outer layers, and can be optimized as a function of frequency.
  • the division of the core material into individual elements ensures protection against the spread of cracks due to punctiform loads and possible damage in the core structure in all versions and therefore creates improved conditions for mechanical connection techniques such as rivets and screws, even for plates that are exposed to strong vibrations. Because injuries to the core material remain - even with blocks and rods - punctual and cannot spread, with pre-stressed tubes the damage to individual elements is also compensated elastically.
  • rods and tubes in different colors, but especially the combination of tubes and rods and their sorting in a line and checkerboard pattern, in conjunction with transparent outer layers, also results in a marking to make dressing easier during processing.
  • the size of a board is therefore only limited to the size of a end grain board, i.e. maxiaml to the cross section of a tree trunk.
  • the end grain plate should consist of a number of individual end grain discs glued to the edges.
  • Such end grain wood panels of any size are produced by gluing square timber (wooden rods with a square or rectangular cross-section) to a large, solid wooden cube or cuboid. This is known in the art; The wood panels are cut, for example by means of a saw, but not, as usual, in the longitudinal direction of the squared timbers and thus the grain, but in the transverse direction.
  • balsa wood results in a very light but high-strength panel that is particularly well suited for installation in vehicles (land, water and aircraft).
  • Spruce wood is an inexpensive panel that is particularly suitable for formwork panels.
  • the outer layer can consist of a polystyrene film if the aim is to make it easy to remove concrete, for example, and to make it moisture-proof, for example for control panels, for external formwork, for formwork in sanitary rooms and kitchens or the like.
  • veneers are also suitable as an outer layer ; they will be used wherever the appearance of wood is desired, such as for interior panels in house and vehicle construction. It is also expedient to coat a board on the one hand with a veneer and on the other hand with a plastic film, for example in order to reduce the costs of a panel wall.
  • the aim of the invention is to have a thickness of the entire panel of at least 10 mm and preferably of about 20 mm.
  • This board can also be cut to size, for example in series production, by punching and folding, whereby even with a sheet thickness of 20 mm, a clean cut is made, in contrast to plywood, which can only be punched up to thicknesses of 2 mm, without requiring post-processing.
  • the two parts of the punching tool create a notch in each outer layer, and the end grain plate divides without waste along adjacent elementary fibers, so that the end grain board cannot be frayed.
  • chipboard is chip material that is usually wetted with synthetic resin. By baking the synthetic resin, the individual chips stick together; this gives the chipboard its strength.
  • the known chipboard is manufactured either in the flat pressing process or in the extrusion process.
  • the elongated chips lie predominantly parallel to the two outer surfaces of the board, that is to say to the two large surfaces which run parallel to one another and are connected to one another by the narrow side of the board.
  • the chips cross each other in a statistical distribution, so that a plate is created which is sufficiently resistant to bending, for example to serve as a leveling, permanent covering for an uneven floor of a living space.
  • the chips are oriented rather transversely to the outer surfaces, but still in a statistical, mutual crossover.
  • the invention makes use of the property of only cross-laminated chipboard that can be easily and cleanly broken off by having such a chipboard with tensile strength on its outer surfaces
  • the chips are held together with a synthetic resin or, more generally, glue that hardens and thus holds the chips of the plate together.
  • a glue is used, which becomes flowable when heat is applied, i.e. can be added to the chips as a non-adhesive, dry coating or as dry granulate or powder during the manufacture of the board, and then liquefies when heat is applied or solidifies again on cooling, whereby in in the liquefied state, the glue and chips combine and then hold together in the solidified state.
  • a cold-curing glue it would also be possible to choose a cold-curing glue.
  • the chips are generally made of cellulose material, including rice straw or similar materials. Wood is preferred here, however, because its fibers have very little mutual cohesion; Such a chipboard with precisely transverse chips can be broken particularly cleanly, i.e. without any unraveling.
  • grooves can be pressed into the surface of an outer layer of all of the described panels in a grid which, in the case of segmented core material, corresponds to the position of the outer edges of a group of elements and in which the blade is guided for cutting.
  • projecting guide elements are preferred, for example narrow guide bands which are laminated parallel to one another and are laminated onto the surface. These can be over-laminated, coated or painted with a thin film, so that the tensile load can be speed of the outer layer is increased. This formation is not possible on the breakable outer layer.
  • the core material here consists of cup-shaped, preferably deep-drawn or blown elements with an almost square, rectangular or hexagonal base, which increasingly changes into a circular cross section towards the free edge. If they are arranged with their bottoms alternately up and down and then, as described for round tubes, pressed in such a way that their upper edge is geometrically shaped just like their bottom, these bottoms arranged alternately up and down provide a favorable connection surface for the outer layers, and there is also a pre-stressed core material. At the same time, the reciprocal arrangement of the cup shapes, as well as their possible different colors, make it easy to recognize the grid pattern for transparent exterior views.
  • a marking grid already described is advantageous, or a printed grid similar to a graph paper, but with a centimeter or centimeter division.
  • a particularly favorable design is opened, for example, by embossing or deep-drawing a pre-stretched and relatively brittle set or embrittled primer with a corresponding edge structure and inserting it in molds in which hard plastic material is foamed, or by embossing these foils over quayander rollers foamed, semi-consolidated rigid foam sheets are applied in the strand, or that the core material is foamed directly between them.
  • the process can be controlled in such a way that the skin of the core material in this foaming process at the same time forms a good adhesive connection with the stamping film as the outer layer.
  • the foils can also be applied with materials that simultaneously serve as lamination agents and for skin thickening.
  • thermoplastic films especially those made of polystyrene, after applying glue and preheating the outer layer by molding, for example with disc coulter rollers, as a surface structure as a cover layer that guides the blade hand tool easily along one Allows a series of blocks.
  • the invention also relates to methods for dressing and producing such a board.
  • the electrostatic orientation of the chips is used, but in the transverse direction of the plate.
  • the electrode spacings therefore do not need to significantly exceed the plate thickness (preferably not more than 20 mm).
  • a voltage of the order of 20 kV is sufficient.
  • Such tensions can still be managed with simple means. Since the length of the electrical field is significantly less than the dimensions of the machine and the electrical field only has to be far inside, a rollover on the outside is excluded.
  • the method of the invention consists in producing a loose bed or a mixture of solidified glue and chips embedded in them, optionally also of chips and glue powder or glue granules, which are only loosely connected, dry chips aligned transversely to the course of the outer surfaces, which are connected to each other by the narrow sides of the chipboard (i.e. perpendicular to the outer surfaces), the chips are pressed together and thereby fixed in their position, while the glue is liquefied by pressure and, if necessary, by the application of heat, this adhering, constantly updated mass forming the core of the Table forms, and an outer layer is laminated onto the outer surfaces of the core.
  • the sticky outer surfaces of the core are covered by the lamination, so that the resulting panels can be handled and stacked without damage until the glue has completely cooled and hardened.
  • This method not only absolutely has to be used for the production of the corresponding quick-assembly and formwork panel, but it is also possible to omit the last feature of the method (laminating the outer layers) or to carry it out later and thus a chipboard as an end product by the method of the invention in which all the chips are aligned perpendicular to the outer surfaces of this particle board.
  • chipboard can, for example, in the usual Use as inner door layers, result in a higher sound insulation than that of conventional extruded panels, because their bending stiffness is equally low in both bending directions.
  • this chipboard requires certain protective measures during handling and storage. These protective measures are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the chips coated with dry glue if appropriate also chips and dry, powdery or granulated glue, the chips being present in the most varied of directions, are preferably introduced into a molding channel, the cross section of which essentially corresponds to that of the chipboard to be produced.
  • an electrical direct current field or an electrostatic field is created from outer surface to outer surface, so that the chips begin to align in the direction of the field lines. Since the glue is still hard, it does not hinder the chips in this orientation. This loose mixture with aligned chips is then compacted so that the chips are reliably fixed in their position by the friction on the neighboring chips.
  • the glue is then liquefied by pressure and possibly heat, which firmly connects the chips to one another, thus maintaining the shape of the core produced in this way.
  • the glue-coated chips or the chips and a glue powder or glue granulate are introduced into the molding channel, in which a piston also moves.
  • the shaped channel possibly also its inlet, offers enough space for the loose mixture of chips so that they can align themselves in the electrostatic field. If the piston presses into the mold channel, it compresses the aligned chips, fixes them in this way and the glue begins to liquefy.
  • the invention proposes in a further development that the molding channel is only very short and is arranged in such a way that the setting chipboard is discharged vertically downwards. This means that no transverse loads act on the chipboard, which is still deformable after leaving the short molding channel. In particular, spontaneous breaking of the chipboard is avoided, which is not yet loadable in the transverse direction because it is not yet provided with the outer layers.
  • the invention also proposes a preferred device for carrying out the method described above.
  • the main characteristic of the associated devices is electrodes, with which the loose chips are aligned transversely to the main surfaces of the plate. The chips are then compacted in this position and glued together.
  • a currently particularly preferred device has a shaped channel with a rectangular cross section, which corresponds to the cross section of the chipboard to be produced.
  • This chipboard is the core of the formwork panel according to the invention.
  • the molding channel has an inlet for the glue-coated chips or a mixture of chips and glue in the form of powder and granules.
  • the shaped channel is arranged essentially vertically, with the outlet opening pointing downward.
  • Wear inserts are arranged in the molding channel on the opposite walls, which correspond to the outer surfaces of the chipboard to be produced. These wear inserts reach right up to the inlet and offer a selected friction compared to the material that is pressed through the molding channel. resisted so that the material can be compacted. The locking inserts wear out during operation and are regularly replaced.
  • electrodes are arranged on both sides of the molding channel, which align the loosely poured chips in parallel and perpendicular to the main surfaces of the molding channel.
  • the wear inserts cannot consist, as is customary, of steel sheets, but rather of electrically insulating material, preferably ceramic material, in which electrodes are embedded. These electrodes are then surrounded on all sides by the insulating material and are therefore not in galvanic contact with the material located in the molding channel.
  • the electrodes preferably extend only over the part of the molding channel closest to the inlet.
  • the molding channel is heated to make the glue flowable in conjunction with the pressure applied to the material in the molding channel when the chips are already aligned.
  • an electrostatic high voltage direct current source is provided that generates a voltage that is applied to the electrodes in the wear inserts. This voltage can be a few tens of kilovolts. The current flowing is low.
  • a piston the cross-sectional area of which essentially corresponds to the inner cross-sectional area of the molding channel, can enter the molding channel through the inlet, take material from the inlet with it and compress it between the two wear inserts.
  • the inlet is preferably widened in a funnel shape.
  • a piston is provided, the cross section of which corresponds approximately to the inner cross section of the molding channel. This piston is set up to dip into the mold channel and to move out of it again.
  • Fig. 14 in a highly simplified representation a sectional oblique view of a device for producing a chipboard or a core of a formwork panel, when loading, and
  • Fig. 15 is a view as in Fig. 14, but during compression.
  • the tensile strength of the core material 4 is relatively insignificant, including the fact that the strength of the board is not significantly less with segmented core material 4 than with undivided core material.
  • FIG. 2a-e illustrate the process of preparing a board.
  • FIG. 3 shows a core material made of rectangular blocks 6, which are chamfered in the peripheral layers (11) so that when a plastic deformable outer layer is applied there is a marking grid through which the position of the blocks 6 or rods can be seen from the outside, and through which the separating tool can be guided along the edges of a row of elements 6 of the core material in the resulting joint.
  • FIG. 4 shows a core material made of very thin rods 25, the maximum tolerance of the position of the breaking edge 27 with respect to the cutting edge 26 being the rod diameter 28.
  • the finished plate can also be cut at any point and at any angle 29.
  • breaking through becomes more difficult in this embodiment because the gluing up to half a bar width 28 must also be removed.
  • the broken edges become less clean because, after being trimmed by breaking, narrow remaining strips of the outer layers can protrude beyond the core material 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment with veneer strips 56 lying next to one another as the core material, the strips being cut transversely to the fiber direction 57 and therefore being able to be easily broken in the region of the path 61 when there is a bending load between the supports 58, 59 and the pressure vector 60.
  • FIG. 6 shows how, with the aid of strips 30 and / or threads 31 applied to the outer layer, marking grids are produced which can be used when guiding the finished sheet as a guide for blade knives or other blade hand tools.
  • FIG. 7 shows differently colored blocks 6 or rods 7 or veneer strips which are arranged with their end faces 31 in a cell-like or checkerboard manner and thus form a marking grid 9 which is visible through a transparent outer layer 2a, 3a made of PMMA, PS or GRPs.
  • Fig. 8 shows a structure with honeycomb elements made of solid material 35, in which every third element is either recessed to save weight and material, or by in hexagonal cross-sectional shape pressed, originally round tubes 37 is replaced to bias the structure of the core material 33.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which tubes (18) with a cross section going from the circle to the hexagon are pressed together by horizontal pressure from all sides 38, 39 to form an almost hexagonal basic shape (40) and have a frictional connection 41 with one another.
  • Fig. 10 shows three versions of the basic shape of such elements with bead 42, reinforcements 43 and hexagonal / convex cross-section 44, each ensuring that even when pressing many elements and with possible material and dimensional tolerances, hexagonal cross-sections always arise.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment with oppositely arranged cups 45, 46, the manufacture of which is preferably carried out by blowing or deep drawing, and which are mutually arranged 49 with their bottom 47, which is almost square here, at the top and bottom. They are pressed in both horizontal directions in such a way that their edge 53 assumes an almost almost square shape as does their base 51.
  • the resulting checkerboard-like grid 9 can also serve as an orientation aid when cutting by different colors and corresponding arrangement of the so distinguishable bases .
  • FIG. 12 shows the elements of the core material which are suitable for this structure: cups with an almost square base 51 and the rim 53 which is circular in the uncompressed state.
  • Fig. 13 shows an oblique view of a panel according to the invention with an upper outer layer 102, part of which has been omitted for the sake of clarity, and a lower outer layer 103.
  • Each of the outer layers is designed as a thin, flat plate made of veneer or polystyrene, which both are parallel to each other and have a distance of almost 20 mm between them.
  • a core plate which is designed as end grain plate 104 and in which all fibers are parallel to one another and run perpendicular to the two outer layers 102, 103.
  • the end grain board 104 is glued to both of its end faces with one of the outer layers.
  • the end grain panel 104 consists of individual panel elements which are assembled in a modular manner and, if appropriate, are glued to one another at their abutting edges. These edges are not shown in the drawing.
  • two mutually parallel heating plates 204, 205 form the walls of a molding channel. These heating plates 204, 205 have a horizontal length which corresponds to the side length of the plate to be produced.
  • the upper part of the mutually facing surfaces of the two heating plates 204, 205 is coated with a wear plate 208, 209, respectively.
  • These wear plates 208, 209 are made of electrically insulating, ceramic material; Electrodes 210 are embedded in the middle of this material and without contact with one of the main surfaces of the wear plates 208, 209. These electrodes 10 are connected to a power supply (not shown).
  • the upper edges of the heating plates 204, 205 are chamfered downwards and towards the molding channel and thus form a trough-shaped inlet, into which material 2, which consists of resin-coated chips, is placed in the cold state.
  • An arrow shows the direction of loading of the chips.
  • a piston 206 which fits exactly into this is arranged above the molding channel and is raised in the illustration in FIG. 14 (see arrows).
  • An incidence space 203 is created between the underside of the piston 206 and the upper mouth of the molding channel, which is loosely filled with material 202, as is the compression space 207, which is arranged under the incidence space 203 between the two heating plates 204, 205 near their inlet .
  • the incident space 203 opens, so that material 202 can flow loosely into the compression space 207 through it.
  • a strong, electrostatic field which is applied by applying a voltage of preferably about 20 kV to the electrodes 10, and aligns the still cold and therefore non-sticky, loose chips in the direction of the field lines.
  • the loose material 202 located in the compression space 203 (FIG. 14) is compressed and pressed further down. Due to the pressing pressure, but primarily due to the heating effect of the heating plates 204, 205, the material is heated so that the resin coating the chips melts.
  • the chips, which have already been aligned, are therefore no longer movable relative to one another, the molten resin possibly being effective as a fixing agent due to its high viscosity.
  • a particle board 201 emerges vertically downward, which begins to solidify as it descends, but is still warm and therefore remains sticky. It is therefore easy to laminate an outer layer onto both outer surfaces of the particle board. Due to the outer layers, the finished formwork panel can already be processed and stacked without breaking, deforming or sticking together with another formwork panel. After several days, the final strength of the chipboard or the core of the formwork panel is achieved.
  • the dimensions shown are preferred guidelines. Depending on the circumstances, other values can also be advantageous. For example, it is possible for the electrodes 210 to extend into the region of the molding channel in which the resin wetting the chips has already solidified, so that the chips have no opportunity to leave their orientation which they have been given by the electrostatic voltage .
  • the invention is primarily intended for use as a rapid construction board in the building industry. This results in advantages in the rational preparation of elements for formwork, partitions, floor boards, etc., in particular. by avoiding long distances to the location of a circular saw.
  • the material should also be interesting for craftsmen who are not otherwise involved in woodworking and do not have the appropriate processing machines, such as locksmiths (for fillings of metal frames), plasterers and painters, roofers and bottle-makers, who can use them to carry out auxiliary structures and cladding.
  • Caretakers and other skilled trades can use it to carry out repairs and provisional facilities.
  • a correspondingly extensive market arises for do-it-yourselfers who can manufacture simple furniture, cladding and furnishings without the use of expensive and dangerous machines, without dirt and noise.
  • a preferred application also arises in schools and kindergartens because children can make solid objects themselves with the use of blades with low sharpness and depth of cut without risk of injury and without further technical equipment.
  • the plate offers joiners and shopfitters the advantage of being able to be roughly cracked on the storage rack in order to avoid the transport of entire plates to the circular saw and back.
  • the avoidance of dust, dirt and noise is particularly important when work is still required in the customer's ongoing operations. In addition, you can operate in a relatively small area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un panneau de montage rapide et de décoffrage de structure-sandwich, comprenant un matériau-âme (4) qui résiste à l'écrasement et au cisaillement et est recouvert de part et d'autre d'une couche extérieure (2,3) résistant à la traction. Une (2) des couches extérieures peut être sectionnée avec un outil manuel à lame. L'autre couche extérieure (3) peut être cassée. Le matériau-âme est structuré de manière à se casser proprement, c.-à-d. sans faire de poussière ou sans s'effriter, le long de la ligne de coupe dans la première couche extérieure (2). Un panneau de particules servant de matériau-âme (4) est obtenu par alignement électrostatique des copeaux perpendiculairement aux couches extérieures (2,3). Le dispositif correspondant comprend des électrodes appropriées.
EP00943551A 1999-05-08 2000-05-05 Panneau de montage rapide et de decoffrage et procede permettant de le dresser et procede et dispositif permettant de le produire Withdrawn EP1095197A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19921037 1999-05-08
DE1999121037 DE19921037C2 (de) 1999-05-08 1999-05-08 Schnellbau- und Schaltafel sowie Verfahren zum Zurichten einer solchen
DE19937847 1999-08-17
DE1999137847 DE19937847C1 (de) 1999-05-08 1999-08-17 Zurichtbare Schnellbau- und Schaltafel sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10021652 2000-05-04
DE10021652 2000-05-04
PCT/DE2000/001414 WO2000068527A1 (fr) 1999-05-08 2000-05-05 Panneau de montage rapide et de decoffrage et procede permettant de le dresser et procede et dispositif permettant de le produire

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EP1095197A1 true EP1095197A1 (fr) 2001-05-02

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EP00943551A Withdrawn EP1095197A1 (fr) 1999-05-08 2000-05-05 Panneau de montage rapide et de decoffrage et procede permettant de le dresser et procede et dispositif permettant de le produire

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EP (1) EP1095197A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5802100A (fr)
DE (1) DE10081253D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000068527A1 (fr)

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BE1020196A3 (nl) * 2011-08-24 2013-06-04 Unilin Bvba Plaatmateriaal en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van plaatmateriaal.
US11981417B2 (en) * 2020-03-20 2024-05-14 Goodrich Corporation Panel skin for heated floor panels

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DE10081253D2 (de) 2001-09-13
AU5802100A (en) 2000-11-21
WO2000068527A1 (fr) 2000-11-16

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