EP0354167A1 - Grue, en particulier grue de forte capacité - Google Patents

Grue, en particulier grue de forte capacité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0354167A1
EP0354167A1 EP89730168A EP89730168A EP0354167A1 EP 0354167 A1 EP0354167 A1 EP 0354167A1 EP 89730168 A EP89730168 A EP 89730168A EP 89730168 A EP89730168 A EP 89730168A EP 0354167 A1 EP0354167 A1 EP 0354167A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crane according
swivel
crane
pivot
rotary connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89730168A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0354167B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Kröll
Walter Köllner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of EP0354167A1 publication Critical patent/EP0354167A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0354167B1 publication Critical patent/EP0354167B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/82—Luffing gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/74—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib
    • B66C23/76—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib and movable to take account of variations of load or of variations of length of jib

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crane, in particular a mobile large crane with an undercarriage carrying an at least one boom, in particular lattice boom supporting superstructure via a rotary connection.
  • Cranes of the aforementioned type essentially consist of a - often mobile - undercarriage or undercarriage, an upper carriage rotatable thereon about a vertical axis and at least one boom which can be pivoted in the vertical plane, at the upper end of which further booms can be articulated.
  • various devices are known and also required, as is evident, for example, from DE-PS 29 33 382.
  • the invention has for its object to design a crane of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be produced with lower costs and at least the same load capacity while reducing the set-up time and shortening the set-up times compared to comparable devices at lower costs and yet has greater availability, in particular versatility.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the idea that the entire problem is not primarily addressed by constructive measures on the undercarriage, but in a fundamentally different superstructure concept, and consists in that at least part of the superstructure or its longitudinal axis is at an angle to Longitudinal axis of the undercarriage is adjustable.
  • the superstructure is divided into at least two parts and its part facing away from the main boom (hereinafter referred to as "swivel part”) can be pivoted in a vertical plane relative to the part connected to the rotary connection (hereinafter referred to as "middle part").
  • the invention has an extremely advantageous effect, since assembly for erecting the crane is considerably simplified, since a longer boom foot is now possible due to the lower superstructure weight with the same high load capacity of the undercarriage.
  • the new design of the uppercarriage according to the invention still allows the central part to identify or carry a driver's cab on the side facing away from the pivoting part, preferably in the area of the main boom foot, so that the operating personnel need not change significantly.
  • the central part is designed as a flat plate lying on the rotary connection and connected to it, over which the pivoting part extends at least partially.
  • the dimensions of the plate can correspond approximately to those of the slewing ring. With the same vehicle length, the swivel part can therefore be correspondingly longer and thus more effective in terms of its mode of action and range.
  • the swiveling part carries winches and is equipped with a roller head and rope pulleys for a pull-in mechanism
  • the particular advantage of the invention is shown, since it achieves that the superstructure for winches and for the counterweight can now also be used as an assembly support with a set of rollers and as a counter jib while saving a second main jib foot.
  • Another advantage of this design is that the cylinder (s) pivoting the superstructure or part of it against the horizontal also serves to accommodate the counterweight plates, the pivotable uppercarriage part being, so to speak, the jib of an auxiliary crane that in comparable devices for this set-up work is additionally needed and at least during this set-up time is missing in other work, which also saves set-up times and the desired goal for such large devices, driving at night, complete use during the day, can be achieved.
  • the free end of the swivel part is preferably equipped with a counterweight receptacle, which consists of a hydraulic cylinder with a possibility of hooking in at its free end.
  • a counterweight receptacle which consists of a hydraulic cylinder with a possibility of hooking in at its free end.
  • a further advantageous adaptation of the counterweight effects to the respective use of the crane can be achieved if, according to a further advantageous embodiment, at least one hydraulic cylinder is articulated on the central part, which in the working position - preferably directed essentially horizontally - engages with its free end on the counterweight. This enables a continuous change of the counterweight lever arm.
  • the invention provides a swivel connection, preferably a swivel cylinder between the middle part and the swivel part, which are connected via at least one swivel bearing with a preferably horizontal axis running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the superstructure.
  • a swivel connection between the swivel part and the middle part opens up a variety of advantageous solution options for the structural design of the connection.
  • the swivel bearing can be located at the level of the rotary connection, preferably on the side of the middle part facing away from the driver's cabin.
  • the swivel cylinder should be hinged to the middle part in the region of the upper edge thereof.
  • the swivel bearing is arranged on the side of the middle part facing the driver's cab, a particularly simple but effective possibility results, namely by the middle part being a simple plate can be formed, which lies flat on the rotary connection and is connected to it, both the pivot bearing and the articulation point of the pivot cylinder on the central part are approximately at the height of the rotary connection and the end connected to the pivot part to the driver's cab end of the central part or the plate-facing pivot cylinder is articulated at its other end to the end of the middle part or the plate facing away from the driver's cab, so that the pivot part extends at least partially in a space-saving manner over the plate.
  • the pivot bearing can also be located in the area of the upper edge of the middle part for certain purposes, either on the side of the middle part facing away from the driver's cab or in the middle above the rotary connection, which is readily apparent advantageous variants for introducing the forces, in particular the opposing forces in the superstructure and thus optimal utilization of the slewing ring.
  • the swivel cylinder is expediently articulated on the side of the central part facing away from the driver's cab, approximately at the level of the rotary connection.
  • the swivel part can be braced as a jib, so to speak, of an auxiliary crane via the pull-in mechanism with the jib foot of the main jib, the jib foot possibly bearing a counterweight. Since the swivel connection between the middle part and the swivel part is infinitely adjustable in relation to one another (floating), in cooperation with another feature of the invention, namely the extensibility of the swivel part, a variable adaptation of the crane properties to local conditions, both with regard to possible building and other conditions spatial obstacle nisse as well as possible with regard to the load differences.
  • the uppercarriage is now not only designed for counterweight support by the invention, the uppercarriage can also be used as the main boom for normal crane operation, the main boom being able to remain in the driving position, ie, and the guying of the swivel part provided for crane operation as Boom on the main boom or his foot can be done. This possible application offers particular advantages when working inside buildings where there are only relatively low room heights.
  • the swivel part can be bolted in front of the front middle part, that is to say in the direction of view of the driver's cab, in a further embodiment of the invention.
  • a heavier telescopic crane boom can then be attached to the rear part, so that the optional use of lattice boom and telescopic booms is possible without the need for several devices, with the aforementioned extraordinary for all possible uses and structural designs
  • the further proposal of the invention serves to make the superstructure, in particular its pivoting part, extendable.
  • This extension can be gradual, by arranging one or more, preferably different lengths of intermediate pieces after bolting the roller set between the roller head and the cable winch part of the swivel part, or also continuously by equipping the swivel part at least over part of its length as a telescopically retractable and extendable carrier consequences.
  • a combination of gradual and infinite extensibility is also possible within the scope of the invention.
  • the stepless and / or gradual extension of the swivel part should be accompanied by a corresponding vertical extensibility of the counterweight receptacle, for example by means of correspondingly long hydraulic cylinders for suspending the counterweight, which may be equipped with intermediate pieces.
  • the pivoting part can consist of a main support and a guy support.
  • This solution becomes structurally particularly simple when the guy support lies flat on the main support in the resting or driving position and extends almost over the entire length of the main support and is preferably adapted in outline to the main support.
  • the tensioning beam can be pivotally connected at one end to the main beam near its roller head, while its other end is attached to the pivot cylinder.
  • This design results in a particularly stable guying concept without increasing the weight of the superstructure, i.e. without impairing the advantages of the uppercarriage, which according to the invention is divided into two parts, into a central part and a pivoting part, which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and are infinitely adjustable in terms of their longitudinal axes.
  • the large crane shown in Fig. 1 consists of a crane chassis 1 with wheels 2, a superstructure arranged according to the invention, which is arranged thereon and which can be pivoted about a vertical axis 4 via a ball or roller rotating connection 3, which consists of a central part 5 and a pivoting part 6.
  • a hydraulic swivel cylinder 13 is pivotably attached to a articulation point 12, which with its free piston end in the area of the top edge of the swivel part at a corresponding articulation point 14 attacks such that in the transport situation shown in Fig. 1, the pivot cylinder 13 assumes a horizontal position.
  • the swivel part 6 carries the cable winches 15 required for the crane and, at its free end, a roller head 16 with the cable rollers of a pull-in mechanism 17 shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 the crane is shown in FIG. 1 in the working position, which is essentially achieved in that the pivot cylinder 13 is actuated, ie in the present case is retracted so that the pivot part 6 pivots about the pivot bearing 9 in a vertical plane and thus the longitudinal axes of the two uppercarriage parts, in contrast to the transport position, now run at an angle to one another.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 19 is provided for attaching a counterweight 18 to the free end of the swivel part 6, via which the counterweight 18 can be moved up and down in the vertical direction.
  • the individual plates of the counterweight 18 can be suspended using appropriate ropes 21.
  • two further hydraulic cylinders 22 are provided, which are articulated at their base in the area of the pivot bearing 9 and act on the counterweight 18 with their free piston end.
  • these hydraulic cylinders 22 not only have the task of stabilization, but also make it possible in a simple and extremely advantageous manner to change the position of the counterweight 18 horizontally, so that via the hydraulic cylinders 19 and 22 a very sensitive and variably adaptable counterweight positioning depending on the position desired load capacity and the outreaches is possible, since both the height and lever arm of the counterweight 18 can be adjusted optimally and quickly.
  • Fig. 2 further shows the lattice boom in a steep inclined position with shots 23 and 24 additionally bolted onto the jib foot, rearward bracing 25 taking place from the retractor 17 to the head of the main boom, via which the load rope 26 to be actuated by the cable winches 15 also runs.
  • Fig. 2 also shows that when working hard in the working position hydraulically laterally and vertically extendable support feet 27 relieve the wheels 2 and ensure a safe and wide ground support.
  • the swivel bearing 9 is, as in the previously explained embodiment, on the lower right side of the upper carriage middle part 5, while also in accordance with the previously explained exemplary embodiment of the swivel cylinder 13 with its articulation points in the upper region of the middle part 5 and the swivel part 6. Furthermore, in these embodiments, in accordance with the example according to FIGS.
  • an infinitely variable adjustability of the swivel position of the swivel part 6 is possible by correspondingly extending or retracting the swivel cylinder 13 - of course, several swivel cylinders can also be arranged in parallel and then in each case accordingly with a smaller diameter - the end position is determined on the block position.
  • Intermediate rings which can be attached to the piston rod, allow changeable angular positions of the superstructure swivel part, whereby the middle part and swivel part are mechanically locked using the swivel cylinder (s) for the standard load capacity. In the Working position for increased load capacity is not locked, so that the swivel cylinder is (is) in the floating position.
  • an extension of the pivoting part is provided to approximately twice its length, wherein after the roller head 16 has been bolted off, an intermediate piece 28 is inserted between it and the rest of the pivoting part 6 and is releasably bolted. At the same time, a corresponding extension rod 29 or the like can be attached to the hydraulic cylinder 19 serving to suspend the counterweight 18.
  • an even greater extension of the pivoting part is achieved by bolting in an even longer intermediate piece 31 with a corresponding extension of the counterweight suspension via a correspondingly longer rod 32.
  • 5 shows the addition of the two extension options according to FIGS. 3 and 4, so that a very wide rearward outreach for the counterweight 18 can then be achieved.
  • the swiveling part 6 is continuously and automatically extended by a push-out device 34 which extends or retracts the telescopic section 33 provided at least over part of the swiveling part 6 at its end. It should be mentioned in this context that there is also the possibility, in the case of the swivel part 6 provided with the telescopic part according to FIG. 6, intermediate pieces 28 and 31 between the roller head 16 and the swivel part 6 in the manner shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 to bolt in.
  • the pivot bearing 9 is located laterally at the top right on the central part 5, while the pivot cylinder or cylinders 13 are articulated below at approximately the level of the rotary connection 3.
  • the cantilever foot 7 is also mounted on the middle part 5, this articulation point 11 being located approximately at the level of the pivot bearing 9.
  • the central part 5 is designed as a flat plate which rests on the rotary connection 3 and is connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner, via which plate is in the transport position (See FIG. 11) the pivot part 6 extends with its articulation area.
  • the pivot bearing 9 is located laterally at the bottom left on the middle part 5 and also the pivot point for the pivot cylinder 13 lies on the middle part at approximately the same vertical height as the pivot bearing 9, the pivot cylinder 13 pointing with its other end in the direction of the main boom foot 7 and on the top side is articulated on the swivel part 6. As shown in FIG.
  • the uppercarriage concept shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used and the swivel part 6 is used as a jib of an auxiliary crane, the foot 7 of the main boom being braced via the retracting mechanism 17 and preferably without Counterweight 35 works, so that the swivel part 6 can now be used, for example, as an auxiliary crane for receiving its counterweight; this can also be carried out with a higher load capacity with counterweight or ballast 35 on the boom foot 7.
  • 14 to 17 are finally exemplary embodiments with a swivel part 6.1; 6.2 shown, the lower, the cable winches 15 and the roller head 16 carrying larger part quasi as the main support 6.1 and the smaller, upper part as anchoring support 6.2.
  • a particularly compact, space-saving and at the same time enormously stable construction is clearly achieved.
  • the pivot cylinder 13 is or are arranged on the top side and directly with the free end of the guy support connected, which is articulated at its other end near the roller head 16 on the main carrier 6.1. After swiveling the swivel part 6.1; 6.2 by retracting the pivot cylinder 13, for example into the position shown in FIG.
  • the main boom foot 7 is mounted on the middle part near the articulation point of the pivot cylinder 13 at 11.
  • the pivot bearing 9 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 16 and 17 lies far outside the region of the rotary connection 3 on the central part 5, which extends relatively far in the direction of its longitudinal axis in comparison to the other exemplary embodiments 17, so that, according to FIG. 17, in the working position for the swivel part, in particular the main support 6.1, there is a vertical position which is advantageous for some applications.
  • the counterweight 18 can be placed on a bracket 37 fastened in the region of the pivot bearing 9, as a result of which a stable positioning of the counterweight 18 is guaranteed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
EP89730168A 1988-07-21 1989-07-20 Grue, en particulier grue de forte capacité Expired - Lifetime EP0354167B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3824732A DE3824732A1 (de) 1988-07-21 1988-07-21 Kran, insbesondere grosskran
DE3824732 1988-07-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0354167A1 true EP0354167A1 (fr) 1990-02-07
EP0354167B1 EP0354167B1 (fr) 1992-09-09

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EP89730168A Expired - Lifetime EP0354167B1 (fr) 1988-07-21 1989-07-20 Grue, en particulier grue de forte capacité

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US (1) US5005714A (fr)
EP (1) EP0354167B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2721998B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3824732A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719300A1 (fr) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-03 Affuso D Anna Grue démontable à assemblage simple.
EP0779235A3 (fr) * 1995-12-14 1997-07-02 Camile J. Landry Grue mobile avec contre-poids principal et auxiliaire
EP0803467A2 (fr) * 1996-04-26 1997-10-29 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
EP0989087A1 (fr) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-29 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH Grue, de préference grue Derrick
NL1010355C2 (nl) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-25 Seumeren Holland Bv Van Werkwijze voor het gebruik van een ringkraan, en ringkraan.
US6062405A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-05-16 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Hydraulic boom hoist cylinder crane
NL1014490C2 (nl) * 2000-02-24 2001-08-28 Ronaldus Antonius Nederhoff Mobiele hijsinrichting.
EP2014603A3 (fr) * 2007-07-10 2010-02-24 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH Grue de véhicule
US8985353B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2015-03-24 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc Mobile lift crane with variable position counterweight
US9278834B2 (en) 2009-08-06 2016-03-08 Manitowoc Crane Group, LLC Lift crane with moveable counterweight
US10179722B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2019-01-15 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc Lift crane with improved movable counterweight
US10183848B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2019-01-22 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc Height adjustment mechanism for an auxiliary member on a crane

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DE3927268C1 (fr) * 1989-08-18 1991-02-14 Ernst Dipl.-Ing. 5983 Balve De Korthaus
DE69321786T2 (de) * 1992-08-07 1999-03-18 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc., Reno, Nev. Fahrzeugkran mit Vorrichtung zum Anbringen des Gegengewichtes
GB2316383B (en) * 1996-08-23 2000-04-05 Liebherr Werk Ehingen Mobile crane
DE19857779A1 (de) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-15 Mannesmann Ag Kran, insbesondere Fahrzeugkran
US6702132B1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2004-03-09 Link-Belt Construction Equipment Company, L.P., Lllp Crane self-assembly system
DE19944927C2 (de) * 1999-09-13 2001-10-25 Atecs Mannesmann Ag Hafenkran, insbesondere Hafenmobilkran für Normal- und Schwerlastbetrieb
DE10155006B4 (de) * 2001-11-06 2004-12-16 Terex-Demag Gmbh & Co. Kg Fahrzeugkran mit Superlifteinrichtung
JP2007302352A (ja) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-22 Kobelco Cranes Co Ltd クレーン及びクレーンのブーム起伏装置
DE102011014585A1 (de) * 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Verfahren zum Aufrichten eines Auslegers eines Kranes
JP5449264B2 (ja) * 2011-06-30 2014-03-19 日立建機株式会社 カウンタウエイト脱着装置用油圧回路
NO2694106T3 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2018-05-12
EP3066040B1 (fr) * 2013-11-08 2019-07-10 Itrec B.V. Segment de flèche de grue destiné à être assemblé à une flèche de grue et procédé d'assemblage d'une flèche de grue
US10183847B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-01-22 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc Cylinder retention device
WO2017027985A1 (fr) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 杨一男 Grue vélocipède
JP2020019632A (ja) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-06 コベルコ建機株式会社 クレーン

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FR1455107A (fr) * 1965-05-07 1966-04-01 Grue à tour transportable à montage rapide
DE1247585B (de) * 1965-11-02 1967-08-17 Ormig S P A Vorrichtung zum Ausgleich der bei einer Ausleger-Einziehvorrichtung mit zwei Zugstangen auftretenden Beanspruchungen
FR1548415A (fr) * 1967-08-30 1968-12-06
FR2388756A1 (fr) * 1977-04-29 1978-11-24 Creusot Loire Grue de forte capacite equipee d'un dispositif d'equilibrage
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719300A1 (fr) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-03 Affuso D Anna Grue démontable à assemblage simple.
EP0779235A3 (fr) * 1995-12-14 1997-07-02 Camile J. Landry Grue mobile avec contre-poids principal et auxiliaire
EP1619159A2 (fr) * 1996-04-26 2006-01-25 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
EP1616835A1 (fr) * 1996-04-26 2006-01-18 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
EP0803467A2 (fr) * 1996-04-26 1997-10-29 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
US6062405A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-05-16 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Hydraulic boom hoist cylinder crane
US6131751A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-10-17 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Counter weight handling system and boom parking device
EP1619159A3 (fr) * 1996-04-26 2006-03-22 Manitowoc Crane Companies, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
EP0803467A3 (fr) * 1996-04-26 1999-12-29 Manitowoc Crane Group, Inc. Grue avec flèche actionnée par un vérin hydraulique
EP0989087A1 (fr) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-29 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH Grue, de préference grue Derrick
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2721998B2 (ja) 1998-03-04
JPH0270696A (ja) 1990-03-09
DE3824732A1 (de) 1990-02-15
US5005714A (en) 1991-04-09
EP0354167B1 (fr) 1992-09-09
DE58902245D1 (de) 1992-10-15

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