EP0337192A1 - Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz - Google Patents

Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337192A1
EP0337192A1 EP89105562A EP89105562A EP0337192A1 EP 0337192 A1 EP0337192 A1 EP 0337192A1 EP 89105562 A EP89105562 A EP 89105562A EP 89105562 A EP89105562 A EP 89105562A EP 0337192 A1 EP0337192 A1 EP 0337192A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas discharge
switch according
discharge switch
electrodes
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89105562A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0337192B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Dr. Seeböck
David Walter Dr. Branston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0337192A1 publication Critical patent/EP0337192A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0337192B1 publication Critical patent/EP0337192B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
    • H01J17/44—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes having one or more control electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas discharge switch, in which at least two coaxial electrodes are provided, which are provided with coaxial bores and form a gas discharge path in a central discharge region and form an insulation region at their edges.
  • the gas discharge is ignited by injecting charge carriers into the rear of the cathode.
  • the infinitely large plate capacitor and its ignition characteristic are generally used for comparison.
  • the practical embodiment of such discharge paths has electrodes with finite dimensions. While it is sufficient to determine the right branch of the ignition characteristic (Paschen curve), i.e.
  • Low-pressure gas discharge lines are known to be suitable as switches for high currents up to about 2 MA and high voltages up to about 100 kV.
  • These gas discharge switches work with a pressure of the working gas, preferably hydrogen, of less than 1 Torr with an electrode spacing of less than 1 cm with a voltage above 10 kV in the left branch of the Paschen curve. Since these switches can only switch a current on, but cannot switch it off again, they are particularly suitable for discharging large capacitors.
  • the gas discharge switch contains an anode and a cathode, which are arranged coaxially to one another and form a central discharge region, a subsequent shielding region and an insulation region at their edges.
  • the shielding area consists of a coaxial annular cylindrical channel.
  • the electrodes are then bent radially in the insulation region and are each connected to one of the flat sides of an insulator in the form of an annular disk.
  • the distance of the electrodes in their axial direction is approximately as large as on the discharge gap.
  • there is a risk of breakdown on the isolator Proc. IEE, Vol. 111, No. 1, January 1964, pp. 203 to 213.
  • Gas discharge switches with coaxial holes in the electrodes can be controlled by a pulsed low-pressure gas discharge.
  • the main discharge is initiated by a hollow cathode discharge and ignited by injection of charge carriers.
  • a control device is provided which verses one with holes contains the cage that surrounds the cathode rear space.
  • the discharge path is separated by the cage from the area of a pre-ionization discharge, which is a glow discharge.
  • Various auxiliary electrodes for shielding and potential control can also be provided between the cage and the area of the glow discharge (Sci. Instr. 19 (1986), The Inst. Of Physics, Great Britain, pp. 466 to 470).
  • a larger number of electrodes which are provided with coaxial bores, can be arranged coaxially with one another at a relatively short distance.
  • the electrodes at the ends of the stack and possibly also part of the inner electrodes are connected to a DC voltage.
  • the insulator lies in the direct “viewing area” of the discharge path, so that vapor deposition on the inner surface of the insulator and irradiation with photons from the discharge area cannot be ruled out (US Pat. No. 4,335,465).
  • the invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving this known embodiment of a gas discharge switch with electrodes which are arranged parallel to one another and are provided with coaxial bores.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a gas discharge switch according to the invention as a cross section.
  • FIG. 2 shows an advantageous further embodiment of the electrodes outside the discharge area.
  • An embodiment of the gas discharge switch for higher voltages is shown in Figure 3.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the cathode rear space with the pre-discharge space is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • An embodiment with a special pre-ionization electrode is shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment with a control of the gas discharge by means of a sliding discharge.
  • An embodiment with a special electron source for the gas discharge switch is illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows two embodiments of gas stores for the gas discharge switch.
  • two electrodes 2 and 3 of which the electrode 2 is connected, for example, as a cathode and the electrode 3 as an anode and which each form a rotating body, are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • the axis of rotation indicated by dash-dotted lines is designated by 4.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 are provided with coaxial bores 5 and 6, respectively, on which a discharge gap 10 is formed.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 consist of electrically conductive metal, for example stainless steel, and can preferably also have inserts 8 and 9 on the discharge path made of a high-melting metal, for example tungsten or molybdenum or also their alloys.
  • a discharge region 11 is formed around the discharge path 10, which is formed approximately by the space between the electrodes 2 and 3 with the extended distance D. the discharge area between the inserts 8 and 9 is obtained.
  • the diameter of the bores 5 and 6 is preferably chosen to be smaller than the distance D between the electrodes 2 and 3 in the discharge area 11.
  • This distance D of, for example, about 2 to 8 mm, preferably about 4 to 6 mm, in particular about 5 mm, is larger, preferably substantially larger than the distance d 1 of the electrodes in the insulation region 13 in the axial direction of the electrodes 2, 3 on the inner edge of an annular disk Insulator 16 and also larger than the distance d2 in the shielding area 12 between the discharge area 11 and the insulator 16, to which the edges of the electrodes 2 and 3 are attached in a gastight manner.
  • the distance d 1 is at least as large as the distance d 2 and can be, for example, approximately 0.5 to 6 mm, preferably approximately 2 to 4 mm, in particular approximately 3 mm.
  • the annular disk-shaped insulator 16 with the thickness A is extended by a base 23 made of electrically insulating material, which at the same time serves to extend the insulation path between the outer ends of the electrodes 2 and 3.
  • a hollow cylindrical extension of the housing 26 forms a preionization hollow cathode 28 which surrounds a hollow cathode region 32 and projects into the anode region 31 of the preionization space 30.
  • the housing 26 is provided with openings 27 and separated from the hollow cathode region 32 by a gas-permeable metallic partition 29.
  • the partition 29 is provided with openings and can in particular consist of a fine-mesh grid or a network.
  • the pre-ionization chamber 30 is surrounded by a cup-shaped control electrode (keep alife electrode) 33, which rests on a ring-shaped insulator 34, which is connected to the electrode 2 in a gas-tight manner.
  • At least one of the electrodes 2 and 3, for example the Ka Method 2 is provided between the discharge region 11 and the insulator 16 with at least one screen 18 which projects into a corresponding recess 21 of the anode 3, such that the shielding region 12 between the discharge region 11 and the insulator 16 is given a U-ring shape .
  • this embodiment of the gas discharge switch diffusion from the discharge path 10 to the insulator 16 and irradiation of the insulator by UV and X-ray photons from the discharge region 11 are practically excluded.
  • a filling with ionizable gas is chosen so that the ignition voltage of the gas discharge switch decreases when the product of the electrode distance D at the discharge path 10 and the gas pressure p increases.
  • a rapid spark-like gas discharge at the discharge path 10 is initiated with a pre-discharge in the pre-ionization chamber 30 with the aid of the control electrode 33 or when the breakdown voltage is exceeded.
  • a magnetic field can be provided which passes through the pre-ionization space 30 and is oriented approximately parallel to the axis of rotation 4. With this magnetic field, the burning voltage can be reduced and thus the pressure range accessible for triggering can be increased.
  • the opposite surfaces of the electrodes 2 and 3 or of the inserts 8 and 9 are on the discharge path 10 provided with recesses, not shown in the figure, which additionally increase the distance between the electrodes in the discharge region 11.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 are each provided with a screen 18 and 19 between the discharge region 11 and the insulator 16, which protrude into a corresponding recess 21 or 22 of the opposite electrode.
  • two U-ring-shaped diffusion barriers are formed in the shielding area 12 between the discharge area 11 and the insulator 16, which prevent diffusion of the metal vapor from the discharge area 11 to the insulator 16.
  • an intermediate electrode 41 is also provided between the electrodes 2 and 3, which is also provided with a coaxial bore 42 and forms a series connection of discharge paths 44 and 45 with the bores 5 and 6.
  • the intermediate electrode 41 is provided with two annular shields 46 and 47, which each protrude into a corresponding recess 48 or 49 of the other two electrodes. These screens 46 and 47 also serve as diffusion barriers for a metal deposit. In this embodiment, a corresponding increase in the switching voltage is obtained.
  • further intermediate electrodes can also be provided for higher voltages.
  • an auxiliary electrode which serves as a blocking electrode 52 and is arranged between two ring-shaped insulators 55 and 56.
  • This blocking electrode 52 is essentially hollow cylindrical and you the lower end shields the openings 27 in the housing 26.
  • a positive potential is preferably applied to this blocking electrode 52, which engages into the housing 26 through the openings 27 and prevents premature triggering of the switching operation. Diffusion of metal vapor to the insulator 55 is therefore not possible.
  • an extension 53 of the pre-ionization electrode 32 can expediently be provided, which shields the insulator 56.
  • the blocking electrode 52 is integrated in the control electrode 33. For this purpose, this is extended so far that its lower end covers the openings 27 of the housing 26 of the cathode rear space 24.
  • the potential of the blocking electrode 51 with respect to the cathode potential is thus equal to the operating voltage of the pre-ionization discharge in the pre-ionization chamber 30 and can be adjusted by the height h 1 to the required size.
  • the height h1 will therefore generally be at least a few cm.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment is obtained in that the housing of the control electrode 33 is provided with a window 51 for coupling microwaves.
  • This window can preferably be made of plastic or quartz.
  • the cup-shaped pre-ionization electrode is separated from the cathode 2 by a decoupling electrode 54, which is used for control and is separated from the control electrode 33 and the electrode 2 by electrical insulation 57 and 58, respectively.
  • the decoupling electrode 54 serves to decouple the pre-ionization in the pre-ionization space 30 from the discharge path 10.
  • a trigger electrode 60 is provided in the form of a ring, which is provided with a thin intermediate layer 59, shown somewhat more intensely in the figure, made of a material with a higher specific electrical resistance than metal, for example organic insulators, preferably plastics, in particular Mylar, or also semiconductors and graphite, are separated from the housing 26 of the cathode rear space 24.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 59 can preferably be at most about 0.1 to 0.2 mm and will generally not substantially exceed 0.5 mm.
  • the control device for the sliding discharge can expediently be provided with a housing 61, which can be made of metal, for example.
  • the inner diameter D7 of the intermediate layer 59, over the surface of which the sliding discharge is ignited, can preferably be chosen to be larger than the inner diameter d7 of the housing 26 of the cathode rear space 24 Housing 26 shielded from discharge at the discharge path 10.
  • the distance of the location of the sliding discharge on the surface of the intermediate layer 59 determined by the arrow 66 from the discharge gap 10 is essentially determined by the height h 2 of the cathode rear space 24.
  • This height can preferably be used to limit the erosion of the sliding discharge gap and thus to increase the service life of the gas discharge switch if possible be chosen large.
  • the height h 2 can preferably be at least approximately twice the inner diameter d7 of the housing 26.
  • a hot cathode 62 can also be provided in the pre-ionization chamber 30, which is assigned a heating device, for example a heating coil 63, which can be connected to a heating current source 65 via a suitable switch 64.
  • a heating device for example a heating coil 63
  • the electron current is controlled by the decoupling electrode 54.
  • the gas discharge switch according to FIG. 9 can also be provided with an internal hydrogen reservoir, which can consist, for example, of a metallic gas storage 68 for hydrogen or deuterium.
  • This gas storage can consist, for example, of palladium, titanium or tantalum, in the grid of which hydrogen is stored.
  • the gas accumulator 68 is also provided with a heating device, which can consist, for example, of a heating coil 70 which is connected to a heating current source, not shown in the figure.
  • the gas reservoir of the gas storage 68 can serve as a pressure control system for the gas discharge switch.
  • the burning voltage of the pre-ionization discharge or its pressure can be measured and the gas addition can be regulated as a function thereof.
  • an electrically controlled gas metering valve 71 or a diaphragm valve can also be provided according to FIG. 9, which regulates the gas supply from an external gas storage device 69 in the event of a drop in pressure or an increase in the operating voltage until the pressure or operating voltage have reached their normal working value again.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
EP89105562A 1988-04-11 1989-03-29 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0337192B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3812018 1988-04-11
DE3812018 1988-04-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0337192A1 true EP0337192A1 (fr) 1989-10-18
EP0337192B1 EP0337192B1 (fr) 1994-07-20

Family

ID=6351742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89105562A Expired - Lifetime EP0337192B1 (fr) 1988-04-11 1989-03-29 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US4939416A (fr)
EP (1) EP0337192B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01298670A (fr)
AT (1) ATE108946T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58908057D1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990009673A1 (fr) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur a decharge lumineuse
EP0473814A1 (fr) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à électrodes creuses
EP0473813A1 (fr) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à électrodes creuses
WO1992021171A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Commutateur coaxial a decharge produisant des pseudoetincelles
US5229688A (en) * 1989-02-10 1993-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of operating a gas discharge switch and an arrangement for carrying out the method
WO1996024945A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-15 Eev Limited Dispositif a decharge
EP0433480B1 (fr) * 1989-12-20 2000-04-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur à électrode creuse
DE10118210A1 (de) * 2001-04-11 2002-11-07 Dehn & Soehne Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstreckenanordnung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE108946T1 (de) * 1988-04-11 1994-08-15 Siemens Ag Gasentladungschalter.
EP0513403A1 (fr) * 1991-04-25 1992-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz
EP0510232B1 (fr) * 1991-04-25 1995-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz
KR0166644B1 (ko) * 1995-11-28 1999-01-15 박주탁 대전력 의사방전 스위치
WO2006026504A2 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Spherics, Inc. Formulations orales mucoadhesives de medicaments a permeabilite et solubilite elevees
DE102010011592A1 (de) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Hohlkathoden-Plasmaquelle sowie Verwendung der Hohlkathoden-Plasmaquelle
US9153427B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2015-10-06 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Vacuum ultraviolet photon source, ionization apparatus, and related methods
US11482394B2 (en) * 2020-01-10 2022-10-25 General Electric Technology Gmbh Bidirectional gas discharge tube
CN113709958B (zh) * 2021-08-30 2022-10-28 西安交通大学 一种基于金属薄片堆栈层叠的微腔放电等离子体喷射装置
CN113721066B (zh) * 2021-09-10 2022-12-27 华北电力大学 一种传导电流测量装置及方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1471938A (en) * 1973-06-09 1977-04-27 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Discharge switching device
US4596945A (en) * 1984-05-14 1986-06-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Modulator switch with low voltage control
EP0259045A2 (fr) * 1986-08-30 1988-03-09 English Electric Valve Company Limited Dispositifs à décharge dans les gaz

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1358043A (en) * 1970-07-21 1974-06-26 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electrical spark gap switch apparatus
US3854068A (en) * 1973-12-26 1974-12-10 Gen Electric Shield structure for vacuum arc discharge devices
US4019079A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Gas injected vacuum switch
DE2804393A1 (de) * 1978-02-02 1979-08-09 Christiansen Jens Verfahren zur erzeugung hoher gepulster ionen- und elektronenstroeme
ATE108946T1 (de) * 1988-04-11 1994-08-15 Siemens Ag Gasentladungschalter.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1471938A (en) * 1973-06-09 1977-04-27 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Discharge switching device
US4596945A (en) * 1984-05-14 1986-06-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Modulator switch with low voltage control
EP0259045A2 (fr) * 1986-08-30 1988-03-09 English Electric Valve Company Limited Dispositifs à décharge dans les gaz

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990009673A1 (fr) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur a decharge lumineuse
US5229688A (en) * 1989-02-10 1993-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of operating a gas discharge switch and an arrangement for carrying out the method
EP0433480B1 (fr) * 1989-12-20 2000-04-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur à électrode creuse
EP0473814A1 (fr) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à électrodes creuses
EP0473813A1 (fr) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à électrodes creuses
US5146141A (en) * 1990-09-03 1992-09-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hollow-electrode switch
WO1992021171A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Commutateur coaxial a decharge produisant des pseudoetincelles
WO1996024945A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-15 Eev Limited Dispositif a decharge
US6049174A (en) * 1995-02-08 2000-04-11 Eev Limited High coulombic switch gas discharge device
DE10118210A1 (de) * 2001-04-11 2002-11-07 Dehn & Soehne Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstreckenanordnung
DE10118210B4 (de) * 2001-04-11 2012-02-23 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstreckenanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4939416A (en) 1990-07-03
DE58908057D1 (de) 1994-08-25
EP0337192B1 (fr) 1994-07-20
JPH01298670A (ja) 1989-12-01
ATE108946T1 (de) 1994-08-15
US5075592A (en) 1991-12-24

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