EP0510232B1 - Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz - Google Patents

Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0510232B1
EP0510232B1 EP91106732A EP91106732A EP0510232B1 EP 0510232 B1 EP0510232 B1 EP 0510232B1 EP 91106732 A EP91106732 A EP 91106732A EP 91106732 A EP91106732 A EP 91106732A EP 0510232 B1 EP0510232 B1 EP 0510232B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas discharge
cathode
anode
hollow electrode
discharge switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91106732A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0510232A1 (fr
Inventor
David Walter Dr. Branston
Jan Stroh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP91106732A priority Critical patent/EP0510232B1/fr
Priority to DE59106733T priority patent/DE59106733D1/de
Priority to JP13012192A priority patent/JP3153623B2/ja
Priority to US07/871,992 priority patent/US5189345A/en
Publication of EP0510232A1 publication Critical patent/EP0510232A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0510232B1 publication Critical patent/EP0510232B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas discharge switch which contains at least two main electrodes for a low-pressure gas discharge, which are arranged in a switching chamber and form a cathode and an anode of a discharge gap with the length d.
  • the switching chamber contains an ionizable gas filling, the pressure p of which is selected so that the ignition voltage of the gas discharge decreases with increasing product pxd.
  • a trigger device that contains a hollow electrode is assigned to the discharge path.
  • the ignition voltage for a given gas discharge path and its usual graphical representation as a function of the product of gas pressure p and electrode spacing d in the ignition characteristic curve are known to be an important aid for identifying electrical discharge devices, taking into account the probability of ignition.
  • the infinitely large plate capacitor and its ignition characteristic are generally used for comparison.
  • the practical embodiment of such discharge paths has electrodes with finite dimensions.
  • Such detour discharges can be avoided by an electrode construction with flat plate electrodes that are coaxial arranged to each other and bent at their edges with a small radius of curvature relative to the distance between the electrodes and are guided along the inner cylindrical insulator surface. A gap is thus always formed between the bent, cylindrical edge region of the electrodes and the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical insulator.
  • the ignition characteristic curve can also be determined, for example, for various noble and molecular gases in the near-breakdown area, ie to the left of the minimum of the Paschen curve (Proc. VII th Int. Conf. Phenom. In Ionized Gases, Beograd 1965, Vol. 1, pp. 316 - 326).
  • Gas discharge switches are also known which are controlled by a pulsed low pressure gas discharge. For example, they switch currents of 10 kA at a voltage of 20 kV.
  • the discharge switch contains an anode and a cathode, which are provided with coaxial openings and are separated from one another by an annular insulator.
  • a control device is provided for the gas discharge, which contains a hollow electrode designed as a cage, which is connected to the cathode in an electrically conductive manner and is therefore at the cathode potential. It encloses the cathode rear space and separates it from the area of preionization.
  • the gas discharge between the cathode and the anode is ignited by injection of charge carriers.
  • the discharge path is ignited in two stages.
  • an auxiliary electrode generates a pre-ionization by a glow discharge.
  • a trigger electrode then receives a negative ignition pulse and the entry of charge carriers into the hollow electrode is made possible in that the potential of a blocking electrode is set to zero. Discharge is initiated when the charge carriers enter the hollow electrode (J. Phys. E: Sci. Instr. 19 (1986), The Inst. Of Physics, Great Britain, pages 466 to 470).
  • the invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving this known embodiment of a gas discharge switch for low-pressure gas discharge, in particular the ignition device for this switch is to be simplified.
  • the hollow electrode is connected to a trigger voltage source and is connected to the anode via an anode resistor.
  • the hollow electrode can also be connected to the cathode via a cathode resistor.
  • the ignition device can also be improved in that the main electrode facing the hollow electrode is provided with a bore on the discharge path and that an aperture for the ion beam of the gas discharge is arranged between this bore and the hollow electrode.
  • the gas discharge switch contains two main electrodes, one of which is connected as the cathode 2 and the other as the anode 3 and at least the cathode 2 is provided with at least one opening 4.
  • the anode 3 can also be provided with at least one opening 5.
  • a discharge path 8 is ignited through the two openings 4 and 5.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3, which generally each form a rotating body, are arranged at a predetermined distance a from one another, which is, for example, about 2 to 5 mm can be.
  • At least one of the mutually facing surfaces of the cathode 2 and the anode 3 is provided with a recess, not shown in the figure, which extends the distance between the electrodes 2 and 3 at the discharge gap 8.
  • This distance d can preferably be at least 2 to 10, in particular at least 3 to 8 mm.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are made of electrically conductive material, preferably stainless steel, and can in general be provided on the discharge gap 8 with special inserts 6 and 7 made of a high-melting metal, or also consist entirely of this high-melting metal.
  • the diameter of the openings 4 and 5 is preferably selected to be at most as large and in particular smaller than the distance d between the electrodes 2 and 3 on the discharge path 8.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are arranged in a switching chamber 14, the hollow cylindrical housing of which consists of electrically insulating material, preferably ceramic.
  • the trigger device for the discharge path 8 includes a hollow electrode 10 which is arranged in the switching chamber 14 in such a way that its opening faces the discharge path 8.
  • a positive switching voltage U O of, for example, approximately 40 kV should be applied to the anode 3.
  • the hollow electrode 10 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, and has at least the shape of a shell, preferably the shape of a pot, the depth T of which is greater than the length of the cathodic dark space of a glow discharge.
  • the lateral, flange-like extension of the base 11 in the form of a profile ring is provided with compensation openings for the access of a working gas.
  • the gas filling consists of an ionizable gas, preferably hydrogen or deuterium, or a mixture of these gases.
  • an ionizable gas preferably hydrogen or deuterium, or a mixture of these gases.
  • nitrogen or noble gases are also suitable, such as argon or helium.
  • the hollow electrode 10 is assigned a trigger voltage source 17 for a negative trigger voltage U T , which can preferably be connected to the hollow electrode 10 via a limiting resistor 18 and a decoupling capacitance 19.
  • the trigger voltage source 17 supplies a trigger pulse with a steep rising edge and a negative voltage of, for example, about 0.5 to 10 kV, preferably about 1 to 5 kV, compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2, which is not shown in the figure, which can be, for example, ground potential.
  • the length of the trigger pulse is at least as long as the switching delay of the discharge path 8 and can be, for example, approximately 0.1 to 2 ⁇ s, preferably approximately 0.5 to 1 ⁇ s.
  • the switching chamber 14 generally also contains a gas storage 24 for the working gas, which is only indicated schematically in the figure and is provided with a heating device (not shown in the figure), the electrical connections of which are designated 25 and 26 in the figure.
  • a pre-ionization within the hollow electrode 10 can be generated according to the invention in that the hollow electrode 10 is connected to the anode 3 via an anode resistor R A.
  • pre-ionization is generated within the hollow electrode 10 and burns only during the critical time.
  • a switching voltage of, for example, 40 kV and a pre-ionization current of, for example, approximately 0.1 to 1 mA an anode resistance R A of, for example, approximately 40 to 400 MOhm, preferably approximately 100 to 200 MOhm, can be selected.
  • the hollow electrode 10 can additionally be connected to the cathode 2 via a cathode resistor R K in order to limit the voltage be that a voltage divider with the hollow electrode 10 as a tap is formed from the two resistors R A and R K.
  • a sufficient voltage limitation is obtained with a cathode resistance R K of approximately 5 to 50 MOhm.
  • the cathode 2 can be included as part of the discharge circuit by the impact of the ion beam during the discharge. A voltage surge at the hollow electrode 10 can therefore not occur.
  • the baffle plate 28 is made of electrically conductive, preferably erosion-resistant material and is electrically conductively connected to the cathode 2 and is arranged at a predetermined distance above the bore 4 with the aid of spacers 29.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz présentant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    a) il est prévu au moins deux électrodes principales pour une décharge dans le gaz basse pression, qui sont disposées dans une chambre de coupure (14) et forment une cathode (2) et une anode (3) d'une section de décharge (8) de longueur d,
    b) la chambre de coupure (14) contient un remplissage formé d'un gaz ionisable, dont la pression p est choisie de manière que la tension d'amorçage de la décharge dans le gaz basse pression diminue lorsque le produit p x d augmente,
    c) à la section de décharge (8) est associé un dispositif de déclenchement, qui comporte une électrode creuse (10),
    caractérisé par le fait que
       d) l'électrode creuse (10) est raccordée à une source de tension de déclenchement (17) et est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance d'anode (RA) à l'anode (3).
  2. Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu une résistance d'anode (RA) comprise entre environ 40 et 400 M.ohms.
  3. Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) est reliée à la cathode (2) par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance de cathode (RK).
  4. Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu une résistance de cathode (RA) comprise entre environ 5 et 50 M.ohms.
EP91106732A 1991-04-25 1991-04-25 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0510232B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91106732A EP0510232B1 (fr) 1991-04-25 1991-04-25 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz
DE59106733T DE59106733D1 (de) 1991-04-25 1991-04-25 Gasentladungsschalter.
JP13012192A JP3153623B2 (ja) 1991-04-25 1992-04-22 ガス放電スイッチ
US07/871,992 US5189345A (en) 1991-04-25 1992-04-22 Gas-discharge switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91106732A EP0510232B1 (fr) 1991-04-25 1991-04-25 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0510232A1 EP0510232A1 (fr) 1992-10-28
EP0510232B1 true EP0510232B1 (fr) 1995-10-18

Family

ID=8206663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91106732A Expired - Lifetime EP0510232B1 (fr) 1991-04-25 1991-04-25 Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5189345A (fr)
EP (1) EP0510232B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3153623B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59106733D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5739637A (en) * 1995-09-28 1998-04-14 Sandia Corporation Cold cathode vacuum discharge tube

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3721529A1 (de) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-12 Christiansen Jens Triggerung und isolation von pseudofunkenschaltern
ATE108946T1 (de) * 1988-04-11 1994-08-15 Siemens Ag Gasentladungschalter.
US5055748A (en) * 1990-05-30 1991-10-08 Integrated Applied Physics Inc. Trigger for pseudospark thyratron switch
US5126638A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-06-30 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Coaxial pseudospark discharge switch

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Bd. 29, Nr. 212 Februar 1990 ,TOKYO, JP Seiten 371 - 374; A. TINSCHMANN ET AL.: 'The Pseudospark Switch A High-Voltage Gas Discharge Switch for High-Power Applications' *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5189345A (en) 1993-02-23
JP3153623B2 (ja) 2001-04-09
DE59106733D1 (de) 1995-11-23
JPH05198263A (ja) 1993-08-06
EP0510232A1 (fr) 1992-10-28

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