EP0433480B1 - Commutateur à électrode creuse - Google Patents

Commutateur à électrode creuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433480B1
EP0433480B1 EP89123566A EP89123566A EP0433480B1 EP 0433480 B1 EP0433480 B1 EP 0433480B1 EP 89123566 A EP89123566 A EP 89123566A EP 89123566 A EP89123566 A EP 89123566A EP 0433480 B1 EP0433480 B1 EP 0433480B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas discharge
low
hollow electrode
cathode
switch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89123566A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0433480A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus-D. Rohde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE58909869T priority Critical patent/DE58909869D1/de
Priority to EP89123566A priority patent/EP0433480B1/fr
Priority to JP2411227A priority patent/JPH04109581A/ja
Publication of EP0433480A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433480A1/fr
Priority to US07/857,722 priority patent/US5159243A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0433480B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433480B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low pressure gas discharge switch according to the preamble of the claim 1 with the features a) to d).
  • a predetermined gas discharge path is in generally the infinitely large plate capacitor and his ignition curve used for comparison.
  • the practical one Embodiment of such discharge paths has however, electrodes with finite dimensions. Detour discharges can by a known electrode construction Avoid using flat plate electrodes that are coaxial to each other arranged and at their edges with a relative to the electrode distance from each other small radius of curvature bent and along the inner cylindrical insulator surface are led.
  • gas discharge switches known by a pulsed low pressure gas discharge can be controlled. She switch currents of 18 kA at a voltage, for example of 25 kV.
  • the discharge switch contains an anode and a cathode with coaxial openings for the low pressure gas discharge, the edge of each other by an isolator are separated.
  • the switch chamber contains one ionizable gas filling, the pressure p of which is selected such that the ignition voltage decreases with increasing product pxd.
  • a control device which contains a hat-shaped cathode cage, which with the Cathode is electrically connected and thus on the Cathode potential is. It surrounds the back of the cathode and separates it from the area of a glow discharge.
  • a gas discharge switch is a plurality of electrodes provided which are arranged coaxially to each other and form a common discharge channel. Between the The anode and the cathode are still several intermediate electrodes arranged.
  • a low-pressure gas discharge switch can also have several Discharge channels included with a common Trigger device are provided.
  • This trigger device contains a common hollow electrode that is common to the Cathode is electrically connected.
  • the synchronous Ignition of the discharge channels is initiated by Charge carriers emerging from a pre-ionization area Enter holes in the bottom of the cage into the back of the cathode (J. Phys. E .: Sci. Instr. 20 (1987), pp. 270 to 273).
  • EP-A-0 337 192 is a low-pressure gas discharge switch of the generic type known contains two coaxial electrodes that are aligned with Bores are provided and in a central discharge area a gas discharge line for a low pressure gas discharge and an isolation area at their edges form.
  • the anode has a blind hole on the back and the back of the cathode in the majority of the examples a cathode cylinder or a so-called Cage.
  • a trigger electrode can be placed around the cathode cage be arranged bowl-shaped or hat-shaped, in addition to one such hollow electrode further electrodes may be present can be used to control and / or limit the cathode rear space serve.
  • a separate control electrode can be dispensed with and the function of pre-ionization and triggering Ignition of the gas discharge through the hollow electrode become.
  • EP-A-0 337 192 describes the structure and assignment of Cathode cage and hollow electrodes according to the individual Figures of the relevant exemplary embodiments comparatively complex.
  • US 4 280 098 a coaxial pseudo-spark switch known in which an anode and a in the discharge space associated cathode interlock and from one Control electrode are surrounded.
  • the invention is based on the object the latter known embodiment of a hollow electrode switch to improve.
  • the ignition device simplified for the hollow electrode switch become.
  • a gas discharge switch the distance between the edge of the at least cup-shaped trained hollow electrode from the effective cathode limitation limited with the related cathode potential.
  • a hat-shaped design of the Hollow electrodes can be specified by the specified dimensioning short distances and therefore suitable Specify boundary conditions for the gas discharge switch.
  • Space charge can be a hot cathode, for example be provided between the reference electrode and the Bottom of the hollow electrode is arranged.
  • the Space charge for example, also through microwave excitation or by an optical ignition device, in particular a laser beam.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the hollow electrode switch consists in that for igniting the discharge gap required space charge provided by a glow discharge becomes.
  • the hollow electrode in simply to a trigger voltage source for a negative Trigger voltage connected with sufficient energy his.
  • the hollow electrode forms the anode and the opposite Opening of the hollow electrode arranged reference electrode forms the cathode for the glow discharge.
  • the hollow electrode can still to an additional voltage source with a positive potential connected for pre-ionization.
  • This pre-ionization generates a low current within the hollow electrode Glow discharge that is not yet used to ignite the discharge gap leads.
  • the ignition of the discharge path is then only through a superimposed negative Trigger pulse with steep rising edge and short duration of the trigger electrode.
  • the reference electrode receives one double function; it also forms a cathode for the Gas discharge at the discharge route and at its A cathode for the discharge path facing away from the back Glow discharge.
  • a hollow electrode switch according to FIG. 1 contains two electrodes, one as cathode 2 and the other as anode 3 are switched and of which at least the cathode 2 with at least an opening 4 is provided. In the same way the anode 3 may also be provided with at least one opening 5. Through the two openings 4 and 5 there is a discharge path 8 ignited.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3, which in general each form a body of revolution, are in a predetermined Distance from each other, for example about 1 can be up to 10, preferably about 2 to 5 mm. Between A discharge path 8 is ignited in the two openings 4 and 5.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 consist of electrical conductive material, preferably stainless steel, and can on the Discharge path 8 generally with special uses 6 and 7 can be provided from a high-melting metal or consist entirely of this high-melting metal.
  • the diameter of the bores 4 and 5 is preferably at most as large and in particular smaller than the distance d between the electrodes 2 and 3 selected on the discharge path 8.
  • the thickness of the cathode 2 at its opening 4 is reduced, in particular the upper edge of the opening 4 may be chamfered.
  • the thickness of the anode 3 at its opening 5 can also be be diminished.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are with one electrically insulating separator connected to one part the wall of a switching chamber 14, which is made of electrical insulating material, preferably ceramic, and with a working gas is filled.
  • the trigger device for the discharge path 8 includes a hollow electrode 10 which is arranged in the switching chamber 14 in such a way that its opening faces the discharge path 8.
  • the distance A of its lower edge from the potential of its reference electrode, which is cathode 2 in this embodiment with positive switching voltage U o of, for example, 40 kV, is less than the length of the cathodic dark space of a glow discharge of the working gas.
  • the hollow electrode 10 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, and has at least the shape of a shell, preferably the shape of a pot, the depth T of which is greater than the length of the cathodic dark space of the glow discharge.
  • the shape of the pot of the hollow electrode 10 is preferably chosen so that the ratio of the diameter D to the pot depth T is approximately 0.2 to 2, in particular approximately 1.
  • the laterally widened base 11 is provided with compensation openings 15 and 16, fastened in the wall of the switching chamber 14 and passed through the wall with an electrically conductive connection.
  • the gas filling consists of an ionizable gas, preferably Hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases. It is also known that nitrogen or noble gases, such as for example argon or helium.
  • a trigger voltage source 17 is assigned to the hollow electrode 10, which, for example, via a limiting resistor 18 and a decoupling capacitance 19 connected to the hollow electrode 10 can be.
  • the trigger voltage source 17 delivers a trigger pulse with a steep rising edge and a negative Voltage of, for example, about 0.5 to 10 kV, preferably about 1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2, which can be, for example, earth potential.
  • the length of the Trigger pulse is at least as large as the switching delay the discharge path 8 and can be, for example, about 0.1 to 2 ⁇ s, preferably about 0.5 to 1 ⁇ s.
  • the switching chamber 14 generally also contains a gas storage device 24 for the working gas, for example hydrogen or Deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
  • a gas storage device 24 for the working gas for example hydrogen or Deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
  • This one in the figure only schematically indicated gas storage 24 is with a provided heating device not shown in the figure, whose electrical connections through the wall of the switching chamber 14 passed and designated 25 and 26.
  • the gas reservoir of the gas storage device 24 can preferably be used at the same time serve as a pressure control system for the hollow electrode switch.
  • the hollow electrode 10 can also be assigned an additional voltage source 21 for preionization, the positive voltage of which, for example, can be approximately 0.1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2 and which has a high series resistor 22 of preferably a few MOhm can be connected to the hollow electrode 10.
  • the positive voltage of the voltage source 21 is selected so that it generates a low-current glow discharge in the current range from, for example, ⁇ A to a few mA within the hollow electrode 10, which does not yet lead to breakdown at the discharge path 8. This breakdown is only initiated with the trigger pulse of the trigger voltage source 17.
  • the grounded, upper reference electrode forms the cathode 2 and the lower one forms the anode 3. If a negative switching voltage U o is applied, the upper grounded electrode forms the anode of the discharge gap 8. Regardless of the polarity of the switching voltage U o , the reference electrode referred to as cathode 2 forms the reference potential for the trigger voltage source 17 and the voltage source 21.
  • a hollow electrode switch which only has a single cathode 2 and an anode 3 contains.
  • a multi-electrode arrangement can also be used Intermediate electrodes can be provided with which a reduced Field strength between the electrodes and a corresponding one receives increased dielectric strength of the hollow electrode switch.
  • the hollow electrode switch contains a variety of individual discharge paths running in parallel arranged to each other and with a common hollow electrode, which is electrically isolated from its reference electrode and with means for producing a space charge, in particular a glow discharge. This gives you an increase the rate of current rise and a decrease in switch inductance and the switch resistance as well as a high Service life and high current carrying capacity.
  • the bottom 11 of the hollow electrode is provided with an extension 13, the free end of which faces the discharge path 8.
  • the Extension 13 has the shape of a cylinder in which the edge of the Is rounded off. This extension 13 is used to influence the glow discharge, especially the distribution of the Space charge density, inside the hollow electrode.
  • this extension 13 has the shape of a cone, the rounded tip of the discharge path 8 facing is.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression ayant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    a) il est prévu au moins deux électrodes principales (2, 3) qui sont disposées dans une chambre de commutation (14) à une distance d l'une de l'autre et qui forment l'une une cathode (2) et l'autre une anode (3) pour une décharge de gaz basse pression dans un gaz de travail, au moins la cathode (2) étant munie d'au moins une ouverture (4) pour une voie de décharge (8),
    b) la chambre de commutation (14) contient comme gaz de réaction une atmosphère gazeuse ionisable dont la pression p est choisie de telle sorte que la tension d'amorçage de la décharge de gaz diminue lorsque le produit p x d augmente,
    c) l'amorçage de la décharge de gaz s'effectue par une augmentation de la densité d'électrons dans l'espace arrière de cathode, au moins une électrode creuse (10) étant présente pour la commande et pour le déclenchement, laquelle électrode creuse est conçue au moins en forme de coque et est tournée par son ouverture vers la voie de décharge (8) entre la cathode (2) et l'anode (3) de telle sorte qu'elle entoure au moins l'espace arrière de cathode,
    d) l'électrode creuse (10) en tant qu'électrode de commande assure en même temps la fonction de préionisation et la fonction de déclenchement pour l'amorçage de la décharge de gaz, des moyens pour produire une charge spatiale à l'intérieur de l'électrode creuse (10) conçue au moins en forme de coque étant prévus à cet effet,
    caractérisé par le fait que :
    e) la distance (A) du bord de l'électrode creuse (10) conçue au moins en forme de coque à la cathode (2) est plus petite que la longueur de l'espace sombre cathodique d'une décharge lumineuse dans l'espace arrière de cathode.
  2. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, pour la décharge lumineuse dans l'espace arrière de cathode, la cathode (2) active pour la décharge de gaz est prévue comme électrode de référence et que l'électrode de commande électriquement isolée de celle-ci et conçue comme électrode creuse (10) est prévue comme anode.
  3. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) est reliée de façon électriquement conductrice à une source de tension de déclenchement (17) pour une impulsion de commande négative.
  4. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) est reliée à la source de tension de déclenchement (17) par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance de découplage (18) et d'une capacité de découplage (19).
  5. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) est raccordée à un transformateur de déclenchement.
  6. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu des moyens supplémentaires pour produire la préionisation à l'intérieur de l'électrode creuse (10).
  7. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) est raccordée par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance de découplage (22) à une source de tension (21) pour une tension continue positive.
  8. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode creuse (10) conçue au moins en forme de coque a la forme d'un pot ayant un diamètre et une profondeur prédéterminés ainsi qu'un fond de pot (11) associé.
  9. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le rapport du diamètre D à la profondeur de pot T est choisi dans une plage comprise entre 0,2 et 2.
  10. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le rapport du diamètre D à la profondeur de pot T vaut environ 1.
  11. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'épaisseur de la cathode (2) est réduite au moins à son ouverture (4).
  12. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que le bord, proche de l'électrode creuse (10), de l'ouverture (4) de la cathode (2) est muni d'un biseau.
  13. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le fond de pot (11) de l'électrode creuse (10) est muni d'un prolongement (13).
  14. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par une forme cylindrique du prolongement (13) dont l'extrémité tournée vers la voie de décharge (8) est munie d'une arête arrondie (figure 2).
  15. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par une forme conique du prolongement (13) dont le sommet arrondi est tourné vers la voie de décharge (8) (figure 3).
  16. Commutateur à décharge de gaz basse pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par une multiplicité de voies de décharge individuelles (8) qui sont disposées parallèlement les unes aux autres et auxquelles l'électrode creuse (10) conçue au moins en forme de coque est associée en commun.
EP89123566A 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse Expired - Lifetime EP0433480B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE58909869T DE58909869D1 (de) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Hohlelektrodenschalter
EP89123566A EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse
JP2411227A JPH04109581A (ja) 1989-12-20 1990-12-17 中空電極スイツチ
US07/857,722 US5159243A (en) 1989-12-20 1992-03-26 Hollow electrode switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89123566A EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0433480A1 EP0433480A1 (fr) 1991-06-26
EP0433480B1 true EP0433480B1 (fr) 2000-04-12

Family

ID=8202254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89123566A Expired - Lifetime EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5159243A (fr)
EP (1) EP0433480B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04109581A (fr)
DE (1) DE58909869D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214362A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4218479A1 (de) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-09 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4240198C1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-03-24 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306038C2 (de) * 1993-02-26 1996-05-15 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306036C2 (de) * 1993-02-26 1996-08-22 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE19753695C1 (de) * 1997-12-03 1999-07-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Gasentladungsschalter
WO2006130036A1 (fr) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Viktor Dmitrievich Bochkov Instrument commande a decharge gazeuse

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4280098A (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-07-21 Veradyne Corp. Coaxial spark gap switch
EP0337192A1 (fr) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3328632A (en) * 1965-08-16 1967-06-27 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum-protective spark gap with trigger electrode
DE2060388B2 (de) * 1970-12-08 1977-05-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit mehreren elektroden
US4104693A (en) * 1976-03-23 1978-08-01 Reliable Electric Company Gas filled surge arrester
DE2804393C2 (de) * 1978-02-02 1987-01-02 Jens Prof. Dr. 8520 Buckenhof Christiansen Verfahren zum Erzeugen und Beschleunigen von Elektronen bzw. Ionen in einem Entladungsgefäß, sowie dazugehöriger Teilchenbeschleuniger und ferner dazugehörige Anwendungen des Verfahrens
US4283747A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-08-11 Western Electric Co., Inc. Methods of making a gas tube surge protector
DE3100924A1 (de) * 1981-01-14 1982-08-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter"
DE3721529A1 (de) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-12 Christiansen Jens Triggerung und isolation von pseudofunkenschaltern

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4280098A (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-07-21 Veradyne Corp. Coaxial spark gap switch
EP0337192A1 (fr) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Encyclopedia of Physics, Edited by S. Flügge, Volume XXII, Gas Discharges II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1956, S. 56, 57, Gordon Francis: The Glow Discharge at Low Pressure *
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 29 (1990), Febr. , No. 2, Part. 2, S. L 371 - L 374, A. Tinschmann et al.: "The Pseudospark Switch - A High-Voltage Gas Discharge Switch for High-Power Appl *
Plasma und Lichtbogen, Verlag Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1967, W. Rieder, S. 62-65 *
Rapport - Bericht R 131/84, G. Mechtersheimer, R. Meyer, "Aufbau und Eigenschaften eines für gro$e Stromanstiegsraten und hohe Wiederholfrequenzen geeigneten Pseudofunkenschalters, Saint-Louis *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04109581A (ja) 1992-04-10
US5159243A (en) 1992-10-27
DE58909869D1 (de) 2000-05-18
EP0433480A1 (fr) 1991-06-26

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