EP0433480A1 - Commutateur à électrode creuse - Google Patents

Commutateur à électrode creuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433480A1
EP0433480A1 EP89123566A EP89123566A EP0433480A1 EP 0433480 A1 EP0433480 A1 EP 0433480A1 EP 89123566 A EP89123566 A EP 89123566A EP 89123566 A EP89123566 A EP 89123566A EP 0433480 A1 EP0433480 A1 EP 0433480A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow electrode
hollow
electrode
switch according
electrode switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89123566A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0433480B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus-D. Rohde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP89123566A priority Critical patent/EP0433480B1/fr
Priority to DE58909869T priority patent/DE58909869D1/de
Priority to JP2411227A priority patent/JPH04109581A/ja
Publication of EP0433480A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433480A1/fr
Priority to US07/857,722 priority patent/US5159243A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0433480B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433480B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hollow electrode switch with an anode and a cathode, which is provided with at least one opening for a discharge gap and to which a hollow electrode is assigned, which is arranged in an ionizable gas filling, the pressure p and the electrode spacing d of which are chosen such that that the ignition voltage of the gas discharge decreases with increasing product pd.
  • the ignition voltage for a given gas discharge path and its usual graphical representation as a function of the product of gas pressure p and electrode spacing D in the ignition characteristic curve are known to be an important aid for identifying electrical discharge devices, taking the probability of ignition into account.
  • the infinitely large plate capacitor and its ignition characteristic are generally used for comparison.
  • the practical embodiment of such discharge paths has electrodes with finite dimensions. While it is sufficient to determine the right branch of the ignition characteristic (Paschen curve), i.e.
  • the ignition characteristic curve can also be determined, for example, for various noble and molecular gases in the near-breakdown area, ie to the left of the minimum of the Paschen curve.
  • Gas discharge switches are also known which are controlled by a pulsed low pressure gas discharge. For example, they switch currents of 10 kA at a voltage of 20 kV.
  • the discharge switch contains an anode and a cathode, which are provided with coaxial openings and are separated from one another at the edge by an annular insulator.
  • a control device is provided for the gas discharge, which contains a hollow electrode designed as a cage, which is connected to the cathode in an electrically conductive manner and is therefore at the cathode potential. It surrounds the cathode rear space and separates it from the area of pre-ionization.
  • the gas discharge between the cathode and the anode is ignited by injection of charge carriers.
  • the discharge path is ignited in two stages.
  • an auxiliary electrode generates a pre-ionization by means of a glow discharge.
  • a trigger electrode then receives a negative ignition pulse and the entry of charge carriers into the hollow electrode is made possible in that the potential of a blocking electrode is set to zero. Discharge is initiated when the charge carriers enter the hollow electrode (J. Phys. E: Sci. Instr. 19 (1986), The Inst. Of Physics, Great Britain, pages 466 to 470).
  • a plurality of electrodes are provided, which are arranged coaxially to one another and form a common discharge channel.
  • Several intermediate electrodes are arranged between the anode and the cathode (US Pat. No. 2,900,566).
  • the gas discharge switch can also contain a plurality of discharge channels which are provided with a common trigger device.
  • This trigger device contains a common hollow electrode which is electrically conductively connected to the common cathode.
  • the synchronous ignition of the discharge channels is initiated by charge carriers which enter the cathode rear space from a pre-ionization region through holes in the bottom of the cage (J. Phys. E .: Sci. Instr. 20 (1987), pp. 270 to 273).
  • the invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving this known embodiment of a hollow electrode switch, in particular the ignition device for the hollow electrode switch is to be simplified.
  • At least one space charge preferably a glow discharge, is generated in the hollow electrode.
  • the hollow electrode electrically insulated from the reference electrode combines the function of the pre-ionization and the trigger electrode and a special blocking electrode is no longer required.
  • a hot cathode can be provided, which is arranged between the reference electrode and the bottom of the hollow electrode.
  • the space charge can also be generated, for example, by microwave excitation or by an optical ignition device, in particular a laser beam.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the hollow electrode switch consists in that the space charge required to ignite the discharge gap is provided by a glow discharge.
  • the hollow electrode can be connected in a simple manner to a trigger voltage source for a negative trigger voltage with sufficient energy.
  • the hollow electrode forms the anode and the reference electrode arranged opposite the opening of the hollow electrode forms the cathode for the glow discharge.
  • the hollow electrode can also be connected to an additional voltage source with a positive potential for pre-ionization.
  • This pre-ionization generates a low-current glow discharge within the hollow electrode, which does not yet lead to the ignition of the discharge gap.
  • This glow discharge improves the dielectric strength at the discharge gap and thus the stability of the switch.
  • the ignition of the discharge gap is then only generated by the superimposed negative trigger pulse with a steep rising edge and a short duration by the trigger electrode.
  • the reference electrode has a double function; at the same time it forms a cathode for the gas discharge on the discharge gap and on its rear side facing away from the discharge gap a cathode for the glow discharge.
  • a hollow electrode switch with a very low switching delay (delay) and low scatter (jitter) is obtained; furthermore, this hollow electrode switch has a significantly lower voltage dependency at the same pressure.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a hollow electrode switch according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 each show a special embodiment of the hollow electrode.
  • a hollow electrode switch according to FIG. 1 contains two electrodes, one of which is connected as the cathode 2 and the other as the anode 3 and at least the cathode 2 is provided with at least one opening 4.
  • the anode 3 can also be provided with at least one opening 5.
  • a discharge path 8 is ignited through the two openings 4 and 5.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3, which generally each form a rotating body, are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another, which can be, for example, about 1 to 10, preferably about 2 to 5 mm.
  • a discharge path 8 is ignited between the two openings 4 and 5.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are made of electrically conductive material, preferably stainless steel, and can in general be provided on the discharge gap 8 with special inserts 6 and 7 made of a high-melting metal, or also consist entirely of this high-melting metal.
  • the diameter of the bores 4 and 5 is preferably selected to be at most as large and in particular smaller than the distance d between the electrodes 2 and 3 on the discharge path 8.
  • the thickness of the cathode 2 is preferably reduced at its opening 4, in particular the upper edge of the opening 4 can be chamfered. In particular, the thickness of the anode 3 at its opening 5 can also be reduced.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are connected to an electrically insulating separating body, which forms part of the wall of a switching chamber 14, which consists of electrically insulating material, preferably ceramic, and is filled with a working gas.
  • the trigger device for the discharge path 8 includes a hollow electrode 10 which is arranged in the switching chamber 14 in such a way that its opening faces the discharge path 8.
  • the distance A of its lower edge from the potential of its reference electrode, which is cathode 2 in this embodiment with positive switching voltage U o of, for example, 40 kV, is less than the length of the cathodic dark space of a glow discharge of the working gas.
  • the hollow electrode 10 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, and has at least the shape of a shell, preferably the shape of a pot, the depth T of which is greater than the length of the cathodic dark space of the glow discharge.
  • the shape of the pot of the hollow electrode 10 is preferably chosen so that the ratio of the diameter D to the pot depth T is approximately 0.2 to 2, in particular approximately 1.
  • the laterally widened base 11 is provided with compensation openings 15 and 16, fastened in the wall of the switching chamber 14 and passed through the wall with an electrically conductive connection.
  • the gas filling consists of an ionizable gas, preferably hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
  • an ionizable gas preferably hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
  • nitrogen or noble gases such as argon or helium, are also suitable.
  • a trigger voltage source 17 is assigned to the hollow electrode 10, which can be connected to the hollow electrode 10 via a limiting resistor 18 and a decoupling capacitance 19, for example.
  • the trigger voltage source 17 supplies a trigger pulse with a steep rising edge and a negative voltage of, for example, approximately 0.5 to 10 kV, preferably approximately 1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2, which can be ground potential, for example.
  • the length of the trigger pulse is at least as long as the switching delay of the discharge path 8 and can be, for example, approximately 0.1 to 2 ⁇ s, preferably approximately 0.5 to 1 ⁇ s.
  • the switching chamber 14 generally also contains a gas reservoir 24 for the working gas, for example hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
  • This gas reservoir 24, which is only indicated schematically in the figure, is provided with a heating device, not shown in the figure, whose electrical connections are through the wall of the switch chamber 14 passed and are designated 25 and 26.
  • the gas reservoir of the gas reservoir 24 can preferably also serve as a pressure control system for the hollow electrode switch.
  • the hollow electrode 10 can also be assigned an additional voltage source 21 for preionization, the positive voltage of which, for example, can be approximately 0.1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2 and which has a high series resistor 22 of preferably a few Mohm can be connected to the hollow electrode 10.
  • the positive voltage of the voltage source 21 is selected so that it generates a low-current glow discharge in the current range from, for example, ⁇ A to a few mA within the hollow electrode 10, which does not yet lead to breakdown at the discharge path 8. This breakdown is only initiated with the trigger pulse of the trigger voltage source 17.
  • the hollow cylindrical side wall 12 of the hollow electrode 10 can also be provided with such pressure compensation openings.
  • the grounded, upper reference electrode forms the cathode 2 and the lower one forms the anode 3. If a negative switching voltage U o is applied, the upper grounded electrode forms the anode of the discharge gap 8. Regardless of the polarity of the switching voltage U o , the reference electrode referred to as cathode 2 forms the reference potential for the trigger voltage source 17 and the voltage source 21.
  • a hollow electrode switch which contains only a single cathode 2 and an anode 3.
  • a multi-electrode arrangement with intermediate electrodes can also be provided, with which a reduced field strength between the electrodes and a correspondingly increased dielectric strength of the hollow electrode switch is obtained.
  • the hollow electrode switch contains a multiplicity of individual discharge paths which are arranged parallel to one another and are provided with a common hollow electrode which is electrically insulated from their reference electrode and is provided with means for producing a space charge, in particular a glow discharge. This results in an increase in the current rise rate and a reduction in the switch inductance and the switch resistance as well as a long service life and a high current carrying capacity.
  • the bottom 11 of the hollow electrode is provided with an extension 13, the free end of which faces the discharge path 8.
  • the extension 13 has the shape of a cylinder, in which the edge of the end is rounded. This extension 13 serves to influence the glow discharge, in particular the distribution of the space charge density, within the hollow electrode.
  • this extension 13 has the shape of a cone, the rounded tip of which faces the discharge gap 8.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP89123566A 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse Expired - Lifetime EP0433480B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89123566A EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse
DE58909869T DE58909869D1 (de) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Hohlelektrodenschalter
JP2411227A JPH04109581A (ja) 1989-12-20 1990-12-17 中空電極スイツチ
US07/857,722 US5159243A (en) 1989-12-20 1992-03-26 Hollow electrode switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89123566A EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0433480A1 true EP0433480A1 (fr) 1991-06-26
EP0433480B1 EP0433480B1 (fr) 2000-04-12

Family

ID=8202254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89123566A Expired - Lifetime EP0433480B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Commutateur à électrode creuse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5159243A (fr)
EP (1) EP0433480B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04109581A (fr)
DE (1) DE58909869D1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214362A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4218479A1 (de) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-09 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4240198C1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-03-24 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306036A1 (de) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-08 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306038A1 (de) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-08 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE19753695C1 (de) * 1997-12-03 1999-07-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Gasentladungsschalter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006130036A1 (fr) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Viktor Dmitrievich Bochkov Instrument commande a decharge gazeuse

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989000354A1 (fr) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-12 Jens Christiansen Commutateur a gaz electronique (commutateur a pseudo-etincelle)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3328632A (en) * 1965-08-16 1967-06-27 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum-protective spark gap with trigger electrode
DE2060388B2 (de) * 1970-12-08 1977-05-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit mehreren elektroden
US4104693A (en) * 1976-03-23 1978-08-01 Reliable Electric Company Gas filled surge arrester
DE2804393A1 (de) * 1978-02-02 1979-08-09 Christiansen Jens Verfahren zur erzeugung hoher gepulster ionen- und elektronenstroeme
US4283747A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-08-11 Western Electric Co., Inc. Methods of making a gas tube surge protector
US4280098A (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-07-21 Veradyne Corp. Coaxial spark gap switch
DE3100924A1 (de) * 1981-01-14 1982-08-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter"
ATE108946T1 (de) * 1988-04-11 1994-08-15 Siemens Ag Gasentladungschalter.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989000354A1 (fr) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-12 Jens Christiansen Commutateur a gaz electronique (commutateur a pseudo-etincelle)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS E. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS. vol. 19, no. 6, Juni 1986, ISHING, BRISTOL GB Seiten 466 - 470; MECHTERSHEIMER e.a.: "High repetition rate, fast current rise, pseudo-spark switch." *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214362A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4218479A1 (de) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-09 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4240198C1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-03-24 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306036A1 (de) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-08 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE4306038A1 (de) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-08 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsschalter
DE19753695C1 (de) * 1997-12-03 1999-07-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Gasentladungsschalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0433480B1 (fr) 2000-04-12
JPH04109581A (ja) 1992-04-10
US5159243A (en) 1992-10-27
DE58909869D1 (de) 2000-05-18

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