EP0310870B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310870B1
EP0310870B1 EP88115544A EP88115544A EP0310870B1 EP 0310870 B1 EP0310870 B1 EP 0310870B1 EP 88115544 A EP88115544 A EP 88115544A EP 88115544 A EP88115544 A EP 88115544A EP 0310870 B1 EP0310870 B1 EP 0310870B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roving bobbins
creel
drive
gripping
bobbins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88115544A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0310870A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Igel
Ivo Dipl.-Ing.(Fh) Righi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Zinser Textilmaschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Zinser Textilmaschinen GmbH filed Critical Zinser Textilmaschinen GmbH
Publication of EP0310870A1 publication Critical patent/EP0310870A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H9/00—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine
    • D01H9/005—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine for removing empty packages or cans and replacing by completed (full) packages or cans at paying-out stations; also combined with piecing of the roving

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for replacing full roving bobbins, which are provided by means of a transport device on a ring spinning machine, for empty roving bobbins, which are arranged in two rows in a creel of the ring spinning machine, the changing in being carried out by means of a movable changing carriage.
  • which is provided with means for gripping the roving bobbins which remove the full roving bobbins from the transport device and transfer them to the gate and which remove the empty roving bobbins from the gate and transfer them to the transport device.
  • the roving bobbins in a creel of a ring spinning machine have run empty, they must be replaced by full roving bobbins so that the spinning operation can continue.
  • the roving bobbins can be replaced when they are completely empty. In this case, a new piecing must be carried out with a new run-in of the roving. If the roving bobbins are replaced before they have completely expired, i.e. as long as roving runs from them to the relevant drafting device of the ring spinning machine, it is possible to connect this incoming roving with the beginning of the roving of the full roving bobbin to be replaced, so that the Spinning process can continue uninterrupted.
  • empty roving bobbins is used to describe the present invention, including both of the foregoing Cases are to be understood, namely that the roving bobbins have run completely empty, or that they have only run almost empty and that a roving runs into the drafting units when the full roving bobbins are replaced.
  • the means for gripping the roving bobbins contain two sets of gripping elements which can manipulate full and empty roving bobbins at the same time.
  • a set of the gripping elements removes the full roving bobbins from the transport device and transfers them to the creel.
  • the other set takes the empty roving bobbins from the creel and transfers them to the transport device.
  • it is necessary that the empty roving bobbins and the full roving bobbins as well as the gripping elements are moved past each other at the same time and above all.
  • the gates contain turning devices, to each of which a roving spool of the front row and a roving spool of the rear row are attached. By rotating these devices after the roving bobbins have been replaced, the roving bobbins which have not been replaced can thus be brought into the front row so that they can then also be replaced. This requires a further considerable effort, which requires additional devices on the ring spinning machine.
  • the invention has for its object to design a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages of the prior art are avoided.
  • the means for gripping the roving bobbins first release full roving bobbins after being removed from the transport device to a receptacle of the replacement car serving as a buffer, then remove the empty roving bobbins from the gate and transfer them to the transport device and then remove the full roving bobbins from the holder and transfer them to the creel.
  • the means for gripping the roving bobbins after being removed from the gate, deliver the empty roving bobbins to an intermediate storage receptacle of the interchangeable vehicle, then take over the full roving bobbins from the transport device and transfer them to the gate and then transfer the empty ones Remove roving bobbins from the holder and hand them over to the transport device.
  • the same means for gripping the roving bobbins are received both for the accommodation of the interchangeable carriage, as well as for the transport device and the two rows of the gate. This ensures that no additional devices have to be provided on the ring spinning machine, through which the roving bobbins of the two rows of the gate swap places.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the outset in which the change carriage contains a receptacle for roving bobbins, which serves as a buffer for roving bobbins and the means for gripping the roving bobbins can be delivered.
  • the necessary manipulations can be carried out with only one set of gripping elements in order to exchange full roving bobbins for empty (or almost empty) roving bobbins.
  • the gripping elements are arranged on a support element which can be moved in a combined lifting and transverse movement by means of a drive system. This allows movements to be carried out that only take place on one level. These movements can be adapted to the given standard conditions and in particular to the contour of the ring spinning machine.
  • a ring spinning machine (12) is shown schematically, which has a creel (14), in which roving bobbins (13) are suspended in two rows, the rovings of which run into the drafting units (30).
  • the gate (14) has hanging holders in a known manner, into which the sleeves of the roving bobbins (13) are inserted and held from below.
  • a transport device (11) is provided, which is designed in the manner of an overhead conveyor. This overhead conveyor owns also the hangers known per se, in which full roving bobbins (10) are held. The full roving bobbins (10) are inserted with their sleeves into these hangers.
  • the hangers of the transport device (11) are located on rail-like carriages which have the same pitch for the hangers in which the hangers of the gate (14) are also arranged.
  • the roving bobbins (13) of the gate (14) are empty or almost empty, they are replaced by full roving bobbins (10) which are suspended from the transport device (11) and suspended in the gate (14).
  • This replacement of the full roving bobbins (10) in connection with the removal of the empty roving bobbins (13) is carried out by a change carriage (15) which can be moved along the ring spinning machine in a manner not shown and can be delivered to a group of spinning stations.
  • the change carriage (15) is designed so that it changes a group of six full roving bobbins (10).
  • the change carriage has a frame-shaped swivel part (16) which is designed as a gripper for six roving bobbins (10 or 13).
  • the swivel gripper (16) which is provided with pin-like gripping elements (18), can be fed to the roving bobbins (10 or 13) from below in such a way that the roving bobbins (10 or 13) are raised in the hanging brackets so that the hanging brackets open and release the roving bobbins (10, 13).
  • the maintenance carriage (15) also contains a receptacle (17) which is provided with a corresponding number of hanging brackets for the roving bobbins (10 or 13) so that they can be temporarily stored there during the replacement.
  • the gripping elements (18) of the change carriage (15) then go back into the change carriage (15), take the empty roving bobbins (13 ') from the receptacle (17) and transfer them to the transport device (11), which the empty roving bobbins later transported away.
  • This method it will be difficult to avoid that the roving from the roving spool (13) to be replaced breaks into the ring spinning machine (12), of which only a drafting device is shown. A new attachment process is then necessary.
  • the gripping elements (18) of the interchangeable carriage first take the full roving bobbins (10) from the transport device (11) and hang them in position (10 ') in the receptacle (17) serving as a buffer. The same gripping elements (18) then move to the empty or almost empty roving spool (13), which is then removed from the creel (14) and transferred to the transport device (11). Since the transport device (11) is arranged higher than the creel (14), the almost empty roving bobbins (13) can be removed and transferred without a roving breakage occurring.
  • the same gripping elements (18) of the change carriage (15) can be delivered not only to the front row of supply spools (13) of the gate (14), but also to the rear row.
  • the movements necessary for the process sequence according to FIG. 2 or 3 are explained with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the swiveling gripper 16) can be moved up and down in a vertical guide (29) and at the same time can be swiveled about a swiveling axis (21) that moves in the vertical guide (29) and runs horizontally and in the machine longitudinal direction.
  • the pin-like gripping elements (18) about an axis (24) parallel to the pivot axis (24) are arranged pivotably on a support element, wherein they are positively guided such that they are vertical in each position of the pivoting gripper (16) Keep alignment.
  • the swivel gripper (16) which both moves in the vertical direction and performs a swivel movement over a predetermined range, travels with its gripping elements in a path (49) in the form of an elongated cycloid, which is designed such that the gripping elements (18) in particular, follow the contour of the ring spinning machine (12) and are guided at a relatively short distance and above parallel to the drafting units of the ring spinning machine (12).
  • the swivel gripper (16) of the changeover carriage (15) is in the position (16 ⁇ ). In this position (16 ⁇ ) the swivel gripper (16) is moved vertically upwards without a swivel movement about the swivel axis (21 ⁇ ).
  • the gripping elements (18) penetrate the sleeves of the full roving bobbins (10) and detach them from the hanging brackets of the transport device (11).
  • the swivel gripper (16) then moves back without swivel movement about the swivel axis (21) and takes the full roving bobbins (10) with it.
  • the swivel gripper (16) then swivels outwards into the angular position corresponding to the position (16 ') about the swivel axis (21').
  • the swivel gripper (16 ') is moved vertically without changing its angular position.
  • the full roving bobbins (10) are then hung in the position (10 ') in the receptacle (17) of the change car (15) and thus buffered.
  • the swivel hook (16 ') then moves vertically downwards again and is then either pivoted into position (16' '') or (16 '' ''), depending on whether a roving bobbin (13) of the front row or rear row should be replaced.
  • the swivel gripper (16) During the lifting from the position (16 ') of the swivel gripper (16) there is a forcibly coupled swivel movement about the swivel axis (21'), so that the gripping elements move on the movement path (49). It is thereby achieved that the gripping elements (18) and thus of course a roving spool arranged thereon move in a predetermined way which is adapted to the spatial conditions. If the front row of roving bobbins (13) suspended in the creel (14) is to be replaced, the swivel gripper (16) remains in the position (16 ′ ′ ′) and does not perform any further swivel movement about the swivel axis (21 ′ ′ ′) out.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a first embodiment of a drive for a swivel holder (16) with which the movement sequences explained in FIG. 4 can be implemented.
  • the pivoting gripper (16) is designed as a pivotable frame (20) which can be pivoted about a pivot axis (21) is stored.
  • the pivot axis (21) is guided at its two ends in guide elements (46, 47) in vertical guides (48).
  • the guide elements (46, 47) are fixedly connected to a run of a toothed belt or chain (38), which run parallel to one another vertically and which are guided at their upper ends around deflection rollers (50).
  • the two toothed belts are wrapped around drive wheels (51) which are driven by means of a geared motor (31) via an intermediate drive (52) and a shaft (53).
  • worm wheel (34) in which a worm (33) engages.
  • the worm (33) is arranged on a shaft (54) containing a switchable coupling (32), which is in drive connection with a pinion (36) via a belt drive (55).
  • the pinion (36) engages in a stationary, vertical rack (35).
  • the clutch (32) is switched on, a pivoting movement of the pivoting gripper (16) is then superimposed on the lifting movement.
  • the pin-like gripping elements (18) of the swivel gripper (16) are arranged on a support element (19) which can be rotated about an axis (24) parallel to the swivel axis (21) of the swivel gripper (16).
  • the support element is provided at both ends with gear wheels which are connected via toothed belts (25) to gear wheels arranged on the pivot axis (21) in a rotationally fixed manner. This provides a drive for the support element which ensures that the pegs (18) maintain their vertical orientation in every pivoting position of the pivoting gripper (16), ie that the gripping elements (18) remain parallel to themselves at all times.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment for driving the swivel gripper (16), which corresponds to the drive of the swivel gripper (16) according to FIG. 1.
  • the swivel gripper (16) which is also designed like a frame, is rotatably mounted in two side guides (39) on a shaft (60) serving as a swivel axis.
  • the side guides (39) are guided so as to be vertically displaceable in a manner not shown in vertical guide elements, for example by means of slide guides on guide rods.
  • the sliding guides (39) are connected to endless, vertically directed toothed belts (38) which are guided around upper deflection rollers (50) and driven by lower drive wheels (51).
  • the endless toothed belts (38) are connected to the side guides (39) by means of two deflection rollers (40, 41) and one gear wheel (42) each, which are mounted in the side guides (39).
  • a drive motor (43) is in drive connection with the gear wheels (42) via intermediate wheels.
  • the drive motor (43) is also in drive connection with a gearwheel (61) which is connected to the shaft (60) of the swivel gripper (16) in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the two gear wheels (42) are blocked, so that a firm connection between the side guides (39) and the toothed belt (38) given is.
  • the drive motor (37) is running, depending on its direction of rotation, the side guides (39) are raised or lowered with the swivel gripper (16) held immovably. If the drive motor (43) is switched on, the swivel gripper (16) is swiveled depending on the respective direction of rotation of this drive motor (43).
  • this drive motor (43) drives the gearwheels (42) so that the side guides (39) move realistically to the toothed belt (38), so that the pivoting movement of the pivoting gripper (16) is inevitably superimposed on a lifting or lowering movement.
  • the drive motor (37) can be switched on, so that a further lifting or lowering movement is superimposed on the swivel gripper (16).
  • the swivel gripper (16) contains a support element (19), which runs parallel to the shaft (60) serving as the swivel axis, for the pin-like gripping elements (18).
  • This support element (19) is pivotally mounted about an axis (24) parallel to the shaft (60).
  • a parallelogram guide (26) is provided between the support element (19) and the side guides (39), which ensures that the support element (19) remains parallel to itself with each pivoting movement, so that the pin-like gripping elements (18) are aligned vertically remain, regardless of which pivot position the swivel gripper (16) occupies.
  • the swivel gripper (16) can be adjusted by means of the drive shown in FIG. 6 in such a way that it can assume all the positions shown in FIG. 4 and carry out the corresponding movements. 6, that the swivel gripper (16) only occupies the position (16 '') in which the gripping elements (18) are located vertically below the transport device (11). In order to be able to transfer the roving bobbins (10 or 13) to the receptacle (17) and temporarily store them there, it is provided that the receptacle (17) is arranged in the change carriage by means of a pivoting drive (45).
  • the gripping elements (18) can additionally be pivoted about the axis (24) by means of drives, this movement being superimposed on the other combined movement.
  • a drive motor is connected to the swivel axis (21) so that it can be rotated in the direction of the double arrow shown on the right in FIG. 5. This movement is then transmitted to the axis (24) via the toothed belt (25).
  • the drive is connected directly to the axis (24) or installed in the parallelogram guide (26) in the form of a contractible and extendable element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Replacing, Conveying, And Pick-Finding For Filamentary Materials (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines, tenues en attente au moyen d'un système de transport sur un métier continu à filer à anneaux, en remplacement de bobines de mèche épuisées qui sont agencées, en deux rangées, dans un râtelier du métier continu à filer à anneaux, l'insertion étant effectuée au moyen d'un chariot mobile de remplacement muni de moyens destinés à saisir les bobines de mèche, qui prélèvent du système de transport les bobines de mèche pleines, et les transfèrent au râtelier, et qui prélèvent du râtelier les bobines de mèche épuisées, et les transfèrent au système de transport, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens pour saisir les bobines de mèche transfèrent tout d'abord des bobines de mèche pleines, après qu'elles ont été prélevées du système de transport, à un logement du chariot de remplacement remplissant la fonction d'un accumulateur provisoire, après quoi ils prélèvent du râtelier les bobines de mèche épuisées, puis les transfèrent au système de transport, ensuite de quoi ils prélèvent du logement les bobines de mèche pleines, et les transfèrent au râtelier.
  2. Procédé pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines, tenues en attente au moyen d'un système de transport sur un métier continu à filer à anneaux, en remplacement de bobines de mèche épuisées qui sont agencées, en deux rangées, dans un râtelier du métier continu à filer à anneaux, l'insertion étant effectuée au moyen d'un chariot mobile de remplacement muni de moyens destinés à saisir les bobines de mèche, qui prélèvent du système de transport les bobines de mèche pleines, et les transfèrent au râtelier, et qui prélèvent du râtelier les bobines de mèche épuisées, et les transfèrent au système de transport, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens pour saisir les bobines de mèche transfèrent des bobines de mèche épuisées, après qu'elles ont été prélevées du râtelier, à un logement du chariot de remplacement remplissant la fonction d'un accumulateur provisoire, après quoi ils prélèvent du système de transport les bobines de mèche pleines, puis les transfèrent au râtelier, ensuite de quoi ils prélèvent du logement les bobines de mèche épuisées, et les transfèrent au système de transport.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens pour saisir les bobines de mèche saisissent simultanément plusieurs bobines de mèche agencées en succession dans une rangée, et insèrent lesdites bobines par groupes.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que, en vue de saisir les bobines de mèche, les mêmes moyens sont présentés aussi bien au logement du chariot de remplacement qu'au système de transport, et aux deux rangées du râtelier.
  5. Dispositif pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines tenues en attente, au moyen d'un système de transport, sur un métier continu à filer à anneaux, en remplacement de bobines de mèche épuisées qui sont agencées, en deux rangées, dans un râtelier du métier continu à filer à anneaux, comportant un chariot de remplacement mobile le long du métier continu à filer à anneaux, et muni de moyens qui sont destinés à saisir les bobines de mèche, et peuvent être présentés au râtelier et au système de transport, caractérisé par le fait que le chariot de remplacement (15) renferme un logement (17) pour des bobines de mèche (10, 13), qui sert d'accumulateur provisoire pour des bobines de mèche (10, 13), et auquel les moyens (16), destinés à saisir les bobines de mèche (12, 13), peuvent être présentés.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (16) destinés à saisir les bobines de mèche (10, 13) renferment plusieurs éléments de préhension (18), agencés en une rangée s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal de la machine.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de préhension (18) sont implantés sur un élément de support (19) pouvant être déplacé, au moyen d'un système d'entraînement, en un mouvement combiné de levage et transversal.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, 6 ou 7, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de préhension (18) peuvent être animés de pivotements, au moyen d'un entraînement, autour d'un axe horizontal de l'élément de support (19).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de support (19) est implanté sur une pièce pivotante (20) à laquelle des pivotements peuvent être imprimés, au moyen d'un entraînement en pivotement (22), autour d'un axe horizontal de pivotement (21) s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal du métier continu à filer (12) à anneaux, et qui peut être animée d'un va-et-vient dans le sens vertical, au moyen d'un entraînement de levage (23, 27).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de support (19) peut tourner autour d'un axe (24) parallèle à l'axe de pivotement (21).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'un système d'orientation (25, 26), prévu pour l'élément de support (19), le maintient parallèle à sa position de départ dans chaque position de la pièce pivotante (20) prise par pivotement.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'entraînement de levage (23, 27) et l'entraînement en pivotement (22, 29) sont mutuellement accouplés de telle sorte que le mouvement de pivotement soit obligatoirement superposé, au mouvement ascendant ou descendant, sur une plage de pivotement préétablie de la pièce pivotante (20).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le mouvement de pivotement est superposé, au mouvement ascendant ou descendant, de telle sorte que l'élément de support (19) accomplisse un mouvement adapté aux conditions d'espace sur le métier continu à filer (12) à anneaux, et dans le chariot de remplacement (15), et s'opérant pour l'essentiel parallèlement au contour extérieur du métier continu à filer (12) à anneaux.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'entraînement de levage (23) et l'entraînement en pivotement (22) sont raccordés à un moteur commun d'entraînement (31), un accouplement embrayable (32) et un élément de transmission (33, 34) à effet d'autoblocage étant disposés dans l'entraînement en pivotement (22).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait qu'un moteur de levage (31) est prévu pour la pièce pivotante (20) ; et par le fait que l'entraînement en pivotement (22) est dérivé d'un pignon (36) en prise avec une crémaillère verticale fixe (35).
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'entraînement de levage (27) renferme au moins un moyen d'entraînement (38) accomplissant une révolution, mené par un moteur d'entraînement (37) et auquel un support (39) de la pièce pivotante (20), guidé dans le sens vertical, est relié par l'intermédiaire de moyens de solidarisation (40, 41, 42), les moyens de solidarisation étant munis d'un propre moteur d'entraînement (43) par l'actionnement duquel des mouvements peuvent être imprimés au support (39), dans le sens vertical, et des pivotements peuvent être simultanément imprimés à la pièce pivotante (20).
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que le logement (17) du chariot de remplacement (15) occupe un emplacement fixe dans ledit chariot de remplacement (15).
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que le logement (17) du chariot de remplacement (15) est pourvu d'un entraînement de réglage (45), et est agencé avec mobilité en direction des éléments de préhension (18).
EP88115544A 1987-10-09 1988-09-22 Procédé et dispositif pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines Expired - Lifetime EP0310870B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3734275 1987-10-09
DE19873734275 DE3734275A1 (de) 1987-10-09 1987-10-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einwechseln von vollen vorgarnspulen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0310870A1 EP0310870A1 (fr) 1989-04-12
EP0310870B1 true EP0310870B1 (fr) 1991-11-27

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EP88115544A Expired - Lifetime EP0310870B1 (fr) 1987-10-09 1988-09-22 Procédé et dispositif pour insérer des bobines de mèche pleines

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US (1) US5099641A (fr)
EP (1) EP0310870B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01118633A (fr)
DE (2) DE3734275A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5222351A (en) * 1989-03-17 1993-06-29 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Yarn exchange and doffing device for use with a two-for-one twister
DE3911765A1 (de) * 1989-04-11 1990-10-18 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh Vorgarnspulenwechselwagen
JPH03505760A (ja) 1989-04-13 1991-12-12 マシーネンファブリク リーター アクチェンゲゼルシャフト パッケージ搬送システム
DE59006318D1 (de) * 1989-12-22 1994-08-04 Xorella Ag Wärmebehandlung und/oder befeuchtung von kopsen.
US5257897A (en) * 1990-06-05 1993-11-02 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Can conveying system
WO1992001098A1 (fr) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-23 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Procede et dispositif de remplacement de bobines de preparation sur un metier a filer
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US5099641A (en) 1992-03-31
DE3866498D1 (de) 1992-01-09
JPH01118633A (ja) 1989-05-11
DE3734275A1 (de) 1989-04-20
EP0310870A1 (fr) 1989-04-12

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