EP0238520B1 - Bougie d'allumage a etincelle glissante - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage a etincelle glissante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0238520B1
EP0238520B1 EP86905220A EP86905220A EP0238520B1 EP 0238520 B1 EP0238520 B1 EP 0238520B1 EP 86905220 A EP86905220 A EP 86905220A EP 86905220 A EP86905220 A EP 86905220A EP 0238520 B1 EP0238520 B1 EP 0238520B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
combustion chamber
insulating body
spark plug
central electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86905220A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0238520A1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Benedikt
Gerhard Heess
Werner Herden
Karl-Hermann Friese
Helmut Reum
Jürgen SCHMATZ
Siegbert Schwab
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0238520A1 publication Critical patent/EP0238520A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0238520B1 publication Critical patent/EP0238520B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug with a sliding spark gap for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a spark plug with a spark gap is known from GB-A-1 049 321; it is provided with a central electrode, the end of which is flat on the combustion chamber side, runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the central electrode and ends flush with a sliding spark gap which surrounds the central electrode and is also perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the central electrode.
  • the annular ground electrode radially adjoining the sliding spark gap which is formed by the end of the metal housing of the spark plug on the combustion chamber side, also closes on the combustion chamber side of the end of the center electrode.
  • the sliding spark gap is represented by the surface of a pane on the combustion chamber side, which is attached as a lower part to a connection-side upper part of an insulating body made of a material commonly used for this purpose, such as aluminum oxide, using an electrically highly insulating material (for example glass); the pane consists of a semiconductor material (copper oxide + chromium oxide, optionally + iron oxide), the dielectric constant of which is greater than the dielectric constant of the material forming the upper part of the insulating body.
  • Spark plugs according to GB-A-1 049 321 have a relatively low ignition voltage requirement, but enable the sparking of high-energy sparks.
  • GB-A-1 049 321 does not provide any information about the polarities of the center or ground electrode.
  • a similar spark plug is also described in GB-A-2 097 467; the lower part of the insulating body on the combustion chamber side in this spark plug essentially consists of silicon nitride, but is not directly connected to the upper part of the insulating body on the connection side, but is separated therefrom by means of an air gap.
  • This publication also does not contain any information about the polarities of the center or the ground electrode.
  • Spark discharge devices which have a conical sliding spark gap and whose central electrode protrudes from an annular body on the combustion chamber side, which forms the ground electrode, are already known and are used to generate brief pressure surges of high energy in a hydraulic working medium surrounding the discharge region; the pressure surges are used for the processing of metals and for other mechanical work purposes (DE-B-12 54 896).
  • the invention is based on the object of developing the above-mentioned spark plugs for internal combustion engines in such a way that the length of the sliding spark gap can be further increased for a given ignition voltage.
  • the shape of the surface of the insulating body and the electrodes can be chosen as desired, while adhering to the teaching according to the invention. It is expedient, with a justifiable ignition voltage, to design the surface in such a way that the longest possible slideway length is achieved in order to achieve the highest possible operating voltage.
  • the energy delivered by the spark plug according to the invention to the combustible fuel-air mixture is approximately ten times as high as in the case of a conventional spark plug.
  • the spark plug according to the invention has a much lower ignition voltage requirement with the same energy transfer to the fuel-air mixture.
  • the spark plug according to the invention is intended for a glow discharge with a burn time of milliseconds;
  • the glow discharge prevents erosion damage to the combustion chamber surface of the insulating body.
  • the formation of the surface discharge is promoted with increasing dielectric constant of the insulating body material
  • a breakdown at the separation point between the lower part and the upper part is prevented by a highly insulating separating layer between the two.
  • An arc discharge after the ignition is avoided according to the embodiment of the invention according to claim 6 by a resistance of about 1 k ⁇ in the lead of the center electrode.
  • the spark plug for an internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1 has a rotationally symmetrical insulating body 10 which is encompassed on a longitudinal section by a likewise rotationally symmetrical metal housing 11.
  • the metal housing 11 has a thread 13 on an end section 12 with a reduced diameter, with which the spark plug can be screwed into a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • a hexagon key 14 is used for screwing in.
  • a sealing ring 15 ensures the gas-tight installation of the spark plug in the cylinder head.
  • the metal housing carries an annular ground electrode 16 on the end face of its combustion chamber-side end section 12 provided with the thread 13.
  • the insulating body 10 has on its surface a number of annular grooves 17 as a so-called leakage current barrier and is provided with a central axial through hole 18.
  • a connecting pin 19 which has a connector 20 from the insulating body 10 protrudes from the end facing away from the combustion chamber, and a center electrode 21 which extends in the end section of the insulating body 10 on the combustion chamber side and is electrically and mechanically connected to the connecting bolt 19 via a glass melt flow mass formed here as a resistance chipboard 27.
  • the combustion chamber end face of the center electrode 21 is exposed.
  • a sliding spark gap 26 is formed between them along the free surface 22 of the insulating body 10 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the insulating body 10 is cross-divided in its end section on the combustion chamber side and thus has an upper part 23 on the connection side and a lower part 24 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the upper part 23 consists of aluminum oxide (Al203) with a dielectric constant ⁇ r of less than ten, while the material of the lower part 24 has a much higher dielectric constant, here about 50-500.
  • a separating layer 25 made of silicone rubber, epoxy resin or glass.
  • FIGS. 2-11 show different embodiments of the design of the combustion chamber end section of the spark plug.
  • the surface 22 of the insulating body 10 is shaped in such a way that it is from a plurality of the imaginary field lines 30 (FIG. 2) of the electrical field which is formed between the center electrode 21 and the ground electrode 16 when a voltage is applied.
  • the electrode that forms the cathode or a part of this electrode viewed in the direction of the field line, is guided behind the surface 22 at a distance from and at any angle of inclination to this surface 22. The distance is arbitrary, it can be the same or change along the surface 22. Because of its position "behind" the surface 22, this electrode is also called the "rear electrode".
  • the course of the field lines 30 is shown schematically in FIG. 2 as a representative of all of the figures.
  • the electrode representing the cathode is formed by the central electrode 16, while in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 3, 6, 10 and 14 the ground electrode 16 represents the cathode.
  • the cathode is identified by a (-) and the anode by a (+).
  • the holes penetrate from the ring-shaped end face of the ground electrode 16 (in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS.
  • the electrodes are arranged concentrically with one another, their electrode walls running parallel to one another.
  • the surface 22 of the insulating body 10 rises continuously from the anode (+) to the cathode (-) in such a way that the normals of any small surface elements with the longitudinal axis 29 of the insulating body 10 or the longitudinal axis of the electrodes 16 , 21, enclose an angle that is greater than 0 o and at most 90 o .
  • the increase in the surface can also be discontinuous.
  • the central electrode 21 forming the cathode (-) projects far beyond the end of the ground electrode 16 forming the anode (+).
  • the end section of the insulating body 10 is hat-shaped, in such a way that its longitudinal profile has a rectilinear (Fig. 2.8 and 9) or curved or curved (Fig. 4.5) rising from the ground electrode 16 to the central electrode 21 ) Has a contour. With a discontinuous increase in the surface, a step-like contour results.
  • the end of the center electrode 21 forming the anode (+) is set back to the annular end of the ground electrode 16 forming the cathode (-) and the end section of the insulating body 10 on the combustion chamber side is crater-like , in such a way that in the longitudinal profile from the central electrode 21 to the ground electrode 16 there are rising flanks with a rectilinear (Fig. 3, 10 and 14) or curved or curved (Fig. 6) contour.
  • the central electrode 21 representing the cathode is angled in the insulating body region protruding beyond the ring-shaped ground electrode 16 in relation to the part of the central electrode 21 which is concentric with the ground electrode 16.
  • the ignition spark which is formed between the center electrode 21 and the ground electrode 16 is forced onto a predetermined slideway, as is designated by 26 in FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 8-11 Embodiments of the spark plugs according to the invention, in which there is a uniform erosion over the entire surface 22 of the insulating body 10 on the combustion chamber side, are shown in FIGS. 8-11.
  • at least one of the electrodes 16, 21 is formed in its end section 161 or 211 such that the shortest distances between the electrodes 16, 22 measured in the sectional areas of the insulating body 10 running parallel to the surface 22 in the region of the end sections 161 and 211 increase with increasing distance of the parallel cut surfaces from the surface 22.
  • the cut surfaces form cone shells.
  • the shortest distance between the electrodes 16, 21 measured along this cut surface 28 increases.
  • the slideway length between the electrodes 16, 21 increases with increasing Burn-off on the surface 22. Since the slideway with the shortest distance from the ignition spark is preferred, the ignition spark is displaced and a uniform burn-off of the surface 22 is achieved on the circumference.
  • the spark plug To achieve a glow discharge discharge, the spark plug must have the lowest possible capacity.
  • the insulating body 10 As described in Figure 1, formed in two parts. If necessary, a spark gap is provided in the plug or in the spark plug.
  • the sliding glow discharge is a relatively cold discharge in terms of gas discharge, since the electrons are released from the electrode surfaces by ion impacts and not thermally. Erosion of the surface 22 of the insulating body 10 does not occur.

Abstract

Dans une bougie d'allumage à étincelle glissante, afin d'allonger le chemin de glissement de l'étincelle glissante avec une tension donnée d'allumage, la surface supérieure (22) du corps isolant (10) tournée vers la chambre de combustion est formée de telle sorte qu'elle soit traversée par une pluralité de lignes de champ (30) faisant partie d'un champ électrique généré entre l'électrode centrale (21) dans le corps isolant (10) et l'électrode annulaire de masse (16) montée sur le bâti métallique (11) et qui entoure l'électrode centrale (21). Une partie de l'électrode (16 resp. 21) qui représente la cathode (-) est agencée à une certaine distance derrière la surface (22), vue dans le sens d'écoulement des lignes de champ, en formant un angle avec celle-ci.

Claims (6)

  1. Bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne, avec un corps isolant (10) symétrique de révolution, qui se compose d'une partie supérieure (23) du côté du raccordement et une partie inférieure (24) du côté de la chambre de combustion dans laquelle les faces frontales se trouvant côte à côte de la partie supérieure (23) et de la partie inférieure (24) sont en liaison avec une couche séparative (25) hautement isolante du point de vue électrique et dans laquelle la partie inférieure (24) est en un matériau qui a un coefficient diélectrique plus grand que celui du matériau formant la partie supérieure (23) et possède une surface (22) se trouvant libre du côté de la chambre de combustion, le corps isolant (10) en outre a un alésage traversant axial central (17), dans lequel une section, située du côté de la chambre de combustion, entoure latéralement une électrode médiane (21) qui reste à découvert du côté frontal, alésage qui du côté du raccordement est en liaison électrique avec une tige de raccordement sortant axialement du corps isolant (10, 23) et avec un boîtier métallique (11), qui entoure au moins sur une section longitudinale le corps isolant (10) et forme avec son extrémité, située du côté de la chambre de combustion, une électrode à la masse (16) entourant coaxialement à distance l'électrode médiane (21), la surface (22), située du côté de la chambre de combustion, de la partie inférieure (24) du corps isolant étant d'une part adjacente à l'extrémité, située du côté de la chambre de combustion, de l'électrode à la masse (16) et d'autre part à l'extrémité libre de l'électrode médiane (21), bougie d'allumage caractérisé en ce que la partie supérieure (23) du corps isolant (10) est en une matière avec un coefficient diélectrique inférieur à dix et la partie inférieure (24) du corps isolant (10) est en une matière avec un coefficient diélectrique d'environ 50 à 500 et en ce que l'électrode (16 ou 21) fonctionnant comme cathode fait davantage saillie du côté de la chambre de combustion que l'autre électrode (21 ou 16).
  2. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode médiane (22) fait davantage saillie du côté de la chambre de combustion que l'électrode à la masse (16) en forme d'anneau.
  3. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode à la masse (16) de forme annulaire fait davantage saillie du côté de la chambre de combustion que l'électrode médiane (21).
  4. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins l'une des électrodes (16, 21) est formée dans sa section terminale (161, 211) de telle façon que l'écart mesuré le plus court dans la zone de cette section terminale augmente avec une distance croissante dans les tranches (28), qui s'étendent dans cette zone de section terminale dans le sens longitudinal et parallèlement à la surface (22), située du côté de la chambre de combustion du corps isolant (10).
  5. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle l'électrode médiane est reliée de façon électriquement conductrice à une tige de raccordement, caractérisée en ce que la liaison électrique (27) est constituée entre l'électrode médiane (21) et la tige de raccordement (19) avec une forte résistance ohmique d'une valeur se situant dans la zone des Kiloohms.
  6. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la couche de séparation (25) est en caoutchouc au silicone, en résine epoxy ou en verre.
EP86905220A 1985-09-17 1986-09-13 Bougie d'allumage a etincelle glissante Expired - Lifetime EP0238520B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853533124 DE3533124A1 (de) 1985-09-17 1985-09-17 Zuendkerze mit gleitfunkenstrecke
DE3533124 1985-09-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0238520A1 EP0238520A1 (fr) 1987-09-30
EP0238520B1 true EP0238520B1 (fr) 1992-12-02

Family

ID=6281178

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86905220A Expired - Lifetime EP0238520B1 (fr) 1985-09-17 1986-09-13 Bougie d'allumage a etincelle glissante

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4798991A (fr)
EP (1) EP0238520B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63500970A (fr)
DE (2) DE3533124A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2002159A6 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987001877A1 (fr)

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JPH0774631B2 (ja) * 1986-12-26 1995-08-09 日本特殊陶業株式会社 点火装置
DE4240646A1 (de) * 1992-12-03 1994-06-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zündkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen
GB2361264A (en) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-17 Fed Mogul Ignition Surface discharge spark plug for i.c. engines
AU5245001A (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-11-07 Herkovic, Jan Spark plug
JP4426442B2 (ja) * 2002-06-14 2010-03-03 テヒニッシェ ウニヴェルジテート ドレースデン レーザーを用いて非酸化物セラミックからなる成形部材の気密でかつ耐熱性の結合を生じさせる方法
DE10227513B9 (de) * 2002-06-19 2004-09-30 Beru Ag Zündkerze
JP2008177142A (ja) * 2006-12-19 2008-07-31 Denso Corp プラズマ式点火装置
JP5335769B2 (ja) * 2007-05-02 2013-11-06 フラム・グループ・アイピー・エルエルシー 点火装置
JP4760780B2 (ja) 2007-06-13 2011-08-31 株式会社デンソー プラズマ式点火装置
US7834529B2 (en) * 2007-09-07 2010-11-16 Wen-Fong Chang Spark plug with riveted sleeve
CZ2007696A3 (cs) * 2007-10-08 2009-04-22 Towit Machinery Trading Ag. Safírová zapalovací svícka a zpusob její výroby
US8671901B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Excess demand voltage relief spark plug for vehicle ignition system
EP2652848B1 (fr) * 2010-12-14 2018-09-19 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Igniteur à effet couronne ayant un isolateur conformé
EP2724430B2 (fr) * 2011-06-27 2019-03-20 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Ensemble allumeur par effet corona incluant une géométrie d'isolant améliorant l'effet corona
JPWO2013099672A1 (ja) * 2011-12-28 2015-05-07 日本碍子株式会社 点火装置、点火方法及びエンジン
US9088136B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2015-07-21 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance
JP6738806B2 (ja) * 2014-10-28 2020-08-12 ノース−ウエスト ユニヴァーシティ 点火プラグ
DE102016223404A1 (de) * 2016-11-25 2018-05-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze
JP6709151B2 (ja) * 2016-12-15 2020-06-10 株式会社デンソー 点火制御システム及び点火制御装置
JP7022628B2 (ja) 2017-03-31 2022-02-18 株式会社Soken 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ
JP7194550B2 (ja) 2018-10-03 2022-12-22 株式会社Soken 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ
US10892605B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2021-01-12 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Spark plug
FR3093243B1 (fr) 2019-02-22 2021-02-12 Safran Aircraft Engines Corps semi-conducteur pour une bougie d’allumage de turbomachine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987001877A1 (fr) 1987-03-26
DE3533124A1 (de) 1987-03-26
EP0238520A1 (fr) 1987-09-30
JPS63500970A (ja) 1988-04-07
ES2002159A6 (es) 1988-07-16
US4798991A (en) 1989-01-17
DE3687225D1 (de) 1993-01-14

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