EP0226595B1 - Bougie pour moteurs a combustion interne - Google Patents

Bougie pour moteurs a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0226595B1
EP0226595B1 EP86902799A EP86902799A EP0226595B1 EP 0226595 B1 EP0226595 B1 EP 0226595B1 EP 86902799 A EP86902799 A EP 86902799A EP 86902799 A EP86902799 A EP 86902799A EP 0226595 B1 EP0226595 B1 EP 0226595B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
insulating body
plug according
annular
dielectric component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86902799A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0226595A1 (fr
Inventor
Adalbert BÄUERLE
Ludwig BARTHELMÄ
Walter Benedikt
Werner Herden
Walter Holl
Gerhard Liebing
Jürgen SCHMATZ
Siegbert Schwab
Walter WÜRTH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFERTA DI LICENZA AL PUBBLICO
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0226595A1 publication Critical patent/EP0226595A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0226595B1 publication Critical patent/EP0226595B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug according to the preamble of the main claim;
  • a spark plug which is known from DE-A-2 363 804
  • Such a spark plug is also described in the aforementioned DE-A-2 363 804, which additionally has a spark gap, which is also installed within the spark plug and is electrically in series with the spark gap.
  • DE-A-2 363 804 does not provide any information about an economically feasible and reliable embodiment of such a spark plug.
  • a spark plug with built-in capacitor is already known; the insulating body composed of several longitudinal sections of this spark plug has such an average dielectric constant that this spark plug has a capacitance of 20 to 100 pF, preferably 30 to 80 pF.
  • the capacitor of this spark plug has the task of reducing or suppressing the electromagnetic interference of the internal combustion engine and thus preventing interference with radio and television systems and the like.
  • the preamble of claim 1 is based on this document.
  • the spark plug according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it is economically feasible and can even ignite lean fuel vapor-air mixtures in all operating states of an internal combustion engine safely and over a required service life.
  • the measures listed in the subclaims enable advantageous developments and improvements of the spark plug specified in the main claim. It when the separating surfaces of the insulating body concerned have a roughness depth Rz of less than 30 ⁇ m is particularly advantageous; this is e.g. B. accessible by means of a glaze. According to the German standard (DIN 4768), the roughness depth Rz is to be understood as the mean value from the individual roughnesses Zi ... Z5 of five successive individual measuring sections. Because of this type of mounting of the insulating body, no expensive sintering systems are required to connect the longitudinal sections of the insulating body, and nevertheless reliable storage of electrical energy in the spark plug is guaranteed.
  • gas gaps of 0.01 to 0 are present between the dielectric component and the components that are operatively connected to it (connecting bolts, metal housing) , 50 mm, but preferably left from 0.05 to 0.30 mm; air is preferably used as the gas.
  • the spark plug 10 shown in the figure has a substantially tubular metal housing 11, which has on its outside as a means for installing this spark plug 10 in a motor head, not shown, a screw thread 12, a key hexagon 13 and a sealing ring 14.
  • this metal housing 11 has a hook-shaped ground electrode 15, which in the present example is designed as a welded wire, but can also be of a different configuration; Instead of a single ground electrode 15, depending on the application, a plurality of such ground electrodes can also be attached to the metal housing 11.
  • the metal housing 11 comprises, in a known manner, a rotationally symmetrical electrical insulating body 17 which usually protrudes from the through bore 16 of the metal housing 11 on the connection side.
  • This electrical insulating body 17 is divided into a plurality of longitudinal sections, specifically in the insulating body head 17/1 protruding on the connection side from the metal housing 11, an annular electrical insulating element 17/2 adjoining the insulating body head 17/1 on the combustion chamber side and the electrical insulating element on the combustion chamber side 17/2 adjoining dielectric component 17/3 of a capacitor 18, a second electrical insulation element 17/4 adjoining the dielectric component 17/3 on the combustion chamber side and an insulating body shaft 17/5 adjoining the second electrical insulation element 17/4 on the combustion chamber side, which preferably has the combustion chamber side from the metal housing 11 protruding insulator 17/6.
  • the insulating body head 17/1 is known to consist essentially of aluminum oxide, has on its surface a number of annular grooves 19 as a so-called leakage current barrier, is coaxial with the longitudinal bore 16 of the Me Tallgeophuses 11 extending through hole 20 and has a combustion chamber-side end portion which is designed as a flange 21.
  • the end surface of the insulating body head 17/1 remote from the combustion chamber is designated by 22, and the end surface of this insulating body head 17/1 on the combustion chamber side, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the insulating body 17, is designated as the separating surface 23.
  • This separating surface 23 of the insulating body head 17/1 has a surface, the roughness Rz of which should be as small as 30 lL m, preferably even less than 5 ⁇ m; this lower roughness depth can best be achieved if a glaze (not shown) is applied to this surface, which has a layer thickness of less than 40 ⁇ m and which can be produced, for example, from a commercially available glass paste No. 9137 from Dupont.
  • the two electrical insulating elements 17/2 and 17/4 consist of a material which is rubber-elastic at all temperatures occurring in this area of the spark plug 10.
  • Such an electrical insulating element 17/2 or 17/4 can consist, for example, of an annular plate made of silicone rubber, which for example has a thickness of 1 mm and a Shore A hardness of 50.
  • the thickness of such electrical insulating elements 17/2, 17/4 can also be between 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • a material can also be used, which is applied in a liquid, soft or viscous manner to a separating surface (e.g. position 23) and, after the longitudinal sections 17/1 to 17/5 of the insulating body 17 have been joined together, if necessary a post-treatment (e.g.
  • a material suitable for this can be, for example, an epoxy resin or the like, which is adjusted accordingly with regard to the elasticity and to which fillers (e.g. aluminum oxide, talc, silicate) have optionally been added in a known manner in order to compensate for the different thermal expansion behavior of the longitudinal sections of the insulating body 17 involved are.
  • fillers e.g. aluminum oxide, talc, silicate
  • the electrical insulation element 17/2 is connected to the dielectric component 17/3, which belongs to the condenser 18, is of tubular configuration, has a through hole 20/1 running coaxially with the through hole 20 of the insulator head 17/1, with its separation surface remote from the combustion chamber 24/1 is firmly against the electrical insulating element 17/2 and with its combustion chamber-side separating surface 24/2 is firmly against the second electrical insulating element 17/4.
  • These two separating surfaces 24/1 and 24/2 of the dielectric component 17/3 also have a roughness depth R z that is as low as described above for the separating surface 23 of the insulating body head 17/1, and can also be provided with a corresponding glaze (not shown) may be coated.
  • the peripheral surface 25 of the dielectric component 17/3 preferably has a diameter which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the flange 21 of the insulating body head 17/1; Both this circumferential surface 25 and the surface of the through hole 20/1 of this dielectric component 17/3 are provided with a surface coating (not specially marked) which supports the electrical contact and which can consist, for example, of a silver-palladium alloy and is 10 ⁇ m thick .
  • the dielectric component 17/3 consists of a material with a dielectric constant of 100 to 500; a suitable substance is commercially available, for example, from the Japanese company Murata (type QQ or UF) and can consist, for example, of a mixture of calcium titanate, strontium titanate, bismuth oxide and lead titanate or even only of calcium titanate and strontium titanate.
  • This dielectric component 17/3 is dimensioned such that the finished spark plug 10 has a capacitance of 120 to 500 pF, but preferably has a capacitance of 200 to 400 pF.
  • the electrical insulation element 17/4 which adjoins the dielectric component 17/3 on the combustion chamber side, is followed next by the insulation body shaft 17/5, the end section remote from the combustion chamber is designed as a flange 26 and which is equipped with a through-bore 20/2; the through bore 20/2 has a shoulder 27 facing the connection side of the spark plug 10.
  • the insulating body shaft 17/5 also has on its outside an annular shoulder 28 which is directed towards the combustion chamber and forms the transition to the so-called insulating body foot 17/6; with this annular shoulder 28, the insulating body shaft 17/5 rests on an annular shoulder 30 located in the longitudinal bore 16 of the metal housing 11 via a so-called inner sealing ring 29.
  • the insulating body shaft 17/5 like the insulating body head 17/1, essentially consists of sintered aluminum oxide or similar material.
  • the through hole 20 of the insulating body head 17/1, the through hole 20/1 of the dielectric component 17/3 and the through hole 20/2 in the insulating body shaft 17/5 run coaxially to one another.
  • a metallic connecting bolt 31 is arranged, which carries a connection thread 32 on its end section remote from the combustion chamber and protrudes from the insulating body head 17/1 away from the combustion chamber, with its end section 31/1 on the combustion chamber side into the through hole 20/2 of the insulating body shaft 17/5 dips and has a roller-like central section 31/2, which has a slightly larger outer diameter than the area remote from the combustion chamber and also the area of the connecting bolt 31 on the combustion chamber side; the transition from the roller-like central section 31/2 to the two end sections of the connecting bolt 31 is preferably frustoconical, and accordingly the through hole 20 of the insulating body head 17/1 and the through hole 20/2 of the insulating body shaft 17/5 are adapted.
  • a known electrically conductive glass melt flux 35 is introduced between the central electrode head 33/1 and the combustion chamber-side end section 31/1 of the connecting bolt 31 - as described, for . B. is known from US-A-3 360 676; Anchoring means, which have not been further identified here, are preferably attached to the combustion chamber-side end section 31/1 of the connecting bolt 31 and also to the central electrode head 33/1 for the electrically conductive glass melt flux 35.
  • a contact sleeve 36/1 between the surfaces involved or 36/2 which can consist, for example, of a steel mesh with a small mesh size (eg 200 to 300 ⁇ m) and is 0.1 to 0.5 mm thick.
  • the contact sleeves 36/1 or 36/2 can stand on the combustion chamber-side electrical insulation element 17/4, which is arranged between the combustion chamber-side separating surface 24/2 of the dielectric component 17/3 and the combustion chamber end face of the insulating body shaft 17/5, which is designated as parting surface 37.
  • a gas gap of a certain width is of considerable advantage for the wear of the electrodes and possibly also for the wear of a spark slide of such spark plugs; this measure would therefore result in a longer lifespan and functional reliability of these spark plugs and, moreover, a saving in manufacturing costs.
  • the reduced wear of the electrodes or a spark slide is due to the energy converted in the ring gaps - which function as secondary spark gaps - during the glow and arc phase of the spark, which relieves the main spark gap 34 between the central electrode 33 and the ground electrode 15.
  • the gas gap that lies between the dielectric component 17/3 and the connecting bolt 31 and / or also the gas gap that is located between the dielectric component 17/3 and the metal housing 11 should have a width of 0.01 and 0, 50 mm, but preferably between 0.05 and 0.30 mm; a gap of this size remains electrically conductive in a voltage range of 5,000 V to 500 V.
  • air is suitable as the gas; If other gases (e.g. nitrogen) are to be used for special cases, then the two annular electrical insulating elements 17/2 and 17/4 must be designed in such a way that they form a seal on the roller-like central section 31/2 and in the longitudinal bore 16 of the metal housing 11 concerns.
  • the end section of the metal housing 11 remote from the combustion chamber is designed as a flanged edge 38 and presses the insulator head 17/1 firmly onto the first electrical insulating element 17/2 via a flanged ring 39, which rests on the side of the flange 21 of the insulating body head 17/1 remote from the combustion chamber , which the dielectric component 17/3, the second electrical insulating element 17/4, the insulating body shaft 17/5 and the inner sealing ring 29 on the annular shoulder 30 in the longitudinal bore 16 of the metal housing 11 and thus ensures a firm bond of the listed components.
  • the metal housing 11 has also been subjected to the known heat shrinking process (see, for example, US Pat. No. 2,111,916), which is the result of the heat shrink area 40 of the metal housing 11 can be seen.
  • the capacitor 18 of this spark plug 10 is thus formed between the connecting bolt 31 and the metal housing 11 as capacitor electrodes and the dielectric component 17/3 and is connected in parallel to the spark gap 34 of the spark plug 10; the required properties of this capacitor 18 have already been described above.
  • a spark gap is additionally installed in the end section 31/1 of the connecting block 31, which spark gap is preferably tightly encapsulated and how it z. B. is known in principle from US-A-3 742 280.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Une bougie (10) qui convient également pour l'allumage de mélanges maigres vapeur de carburant/air. Cette bougie (10) entoure, de son enveloppe métallique (11), un corps isolant (17) qui est séparé en sections longitudinales et contient, dans son alésage (20) de la manière habituelle, un boulon connecteur (31) et une électrode centrale (33). Une section longitudinale (17/3) du corps isolant (17), entourée par l'enveloppe métallique (11), se compose d'un matériau diélectrique et forme, avec l'enveloppe métallique (11) et le boulon connecteur (31/2), un condensateur (18) possédant une capacité de 120 à 500 pF, et surtout de 200 à 400 pF. Afin d'empêcher, dans les régions des surfaces de séparation du corps isolant, des arcs entre les boulons connecteurs (31/2) et l'enveloppe métallique (11), et pour éviter de coûteuses installations d'agglomération pour frittage pour relier les sections longitudinales du corps isolant, des éléments isolants électriques annulaires (17/2, 17/4) sont disposés entre les surfaces de séparation (24/1, 24/2) qui ont une élasticité de caoutchouc à toutes les températures de la bougie (par ex. caoutchouc silicone, résine epoxy).

Claims (10)

1. Bougie d'allumage (10) pour moteurs à combustion interne, qui comporte un culot de forme tubulaire (11) muni de moyens de fixation (12, 13, 14) pour le montage sur un moteur à combustion interne, qui porte avantageusement à son extrémité du côté de la chambre de combustion au moins une électrode de masse (15) et comprend un alésage longitudinal (16) qui entoure de façon étanche aux gaz une section longitudinale d'un corps isolant de l'électricité (17), lequel forme au moins partiellement un composant diélectrique (18) coopérant avec le culot métallique (11) et possède un alésage le traversant de part en part (20) qui lui-même entoure de façon étanche un boulon d'assemblage (31) se trouvant en liaison opérationnelle avec ce composant diélectrique (18) et qui est relié électriquement du côté de la chambre de combustion à une électrode centrale (33) coopérant avec au moins une électrode de masse (15), caractérisée en ce que le corps isolant (17) contient au moins cinq sections longitudinales séparées (17/1 à 17/5) parmi lesquelles une section longitudinale (17/3) est le composant diélectrique qui confère à la bougie (10) une capacité de 120 à 500 pF et est séparé des deux côtés dans le sens longitudinal des sections s'y raccordant (17/1 et 17/5) du corps isolant (17) au moyen d'éléments électro-isolants de forme annulaire (17/8 ou 17/4), qui reposent fixement sur les surfaces de séparation (23, 24/1, 24/2, 37) du corps isolant (17) et sont constituées d'un matériau qui, à toute les températures se produisant dans cette zone de la bougie, conserve l'élasticité du caoutchouc.
2. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle a une capacité de 200 à 400 pF.
3. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les éléments électro-isolants annulaires (17/2, 17/4) sont constitués d'élastomère de silicone.
4. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les éléments électro-isolants annulaires (17/2, 17/4) sont constitués d'un matériau qui est appliqué sur les surfaces de séparation (23, 24/1, 24/2, 37) du corps isolant (17) à l'état liquide, mou ou visqueux, et qui après assemblage des sections longitudinales séparées (14/1, 17/3, 17/5) du corps isolant (17) est soumis le cas échéant à un post-traitement (polymérisation).
5. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les éléments électro-isolants (17/2, 17/4) sont constitués de résine époxy a laquelle, le cas échéant on ajoute de manière connue des charges pour compenser les différentes de dilatation thermique des sections longitudinales séparées (17/1, 17/3, 17/5) du corps isolant (17).
6. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces de séparations (23, 24/1, 24/2, 37) des sections longitudinales séparées (17/1, 17/2, 17/5) du corps isolant (17) présentent une profondeur de rugosité Rz inférieure à 30 J.lm.
7. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces de séparation (23, 24/1, 24/2, 37) des sections longitudinales séparées (17/1, 17/3, 17/5) du corps isolant (17) présentent avantageusement une profondeur de rugosité Rz inférieure à 5 lim.
8. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces de séparation (23, 24/1, 24/2, 37) du corps isolant (17) sont munies d'une couche de glaçure.
9. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que l'espace annulaire entre la section moyenne (31/2) du boulon d'assemblage (31) et le composant diélectrique (17/3) et/ou l'espace annulaire entre le composant diélectrique (17/3) et le culot métallique (11) présentent une largeur de 0,01 à 0,50 mm, et est seulement rempli de gaz.
10. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les intervalles annulaires ont une largeur de 0,05 à 0,30 mm.
EP86902799A 1985-05-31 1986-05-10 Bougie pour moteurs a combustion interne Expired EP0226595B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3519513 1985-05-31
DE3519513 1985-05-31
DE3600511 1986-01-10
DE19863600511 DE3600511A1 (de) 1985-05-31 1986-01-10 Zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0226595A1 EP0226595A1 (fr) 1987-07-01
EP0226595B1 true EP0226595B1 (fr) 1989-12-06

Family

ID=25832717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902799A Expired EP0226595B1 (fr) 1985-05-31 1986-05-10 Bougie pour moteurs a combustion interne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4746834A (fr)
EP (1) EP0226595B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3600511A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8707826A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007207A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT8867555A0 (it) * 1988-06-10 1988-06-10 Magneti Marelli Spa Candela di accensione a scarica se misuperficiale per motore a combustione interna e procedimento per la realizzazione degli elettrodi di massa di tale candela
US6559376B2 (en) 1996-09-30 2003-05-06 Nology Engineering, Inc. Combustion initiation device and method for tuning a combustion initiation device
KR100817376B1 (ko) * 2000-10-31 2008-03-27 니혼도꾸슈도교 가부시키가이샤 진공 스위치용 용기, 진공 스위치, 진공 스위치용 용기의제조방법 및 진공 스위치의 제조방법
US6374816B1 (en) 2001-04-23 2002-04-23 Omnitek Engineering Corporation Apparatus and method for combustion initiation
US8278808B2 (en) 2006-02-13 2012-10-02 Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. Metallic insulator coating for high capacity spark plug
US20070188064A1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-16 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Metallic insulator coating for high capacity spark plug
US8922102B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2014-12-30 Enerpulse, Inc. Composite spark plug
US8049399B2 (en) * 2006-07-21 2011-11-01 Enerpulse, Inc. High power discharge fuel ignitor
US7735460B2 (en) * 2008-02-01 2010-06-15 Leonard Bloom Method and apparatus for operating standard gasoline-driven engines with a readily-available non-volatile fuel, thereby obviating the use of gasoline
CN102057547B (zh) * 2008-04-10 2013-06-12 费德罗-莫格尔点火公司 陶瓷火花塞绝缘体及其制造方法
US8671901B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Excess demand voltage relief spark plug for vehicle ignition system
DE102012200044A1 (de) * 2012-01-03 2013-07-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze mit verbesserter elektromagnetischer Verträglichkeit
WO2013113005A1 (fr) 2012-01-27 2013-08-01 Enerpulse, Inc. Bougie haute puissance à écartement demi-surface
JP6067871B2 (ja) * 2014-05-19 2017-01-25 日本特殊陶業株式会社 プラグ接続具、ゴム部材、および、リング部材

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3404081A1 (de) * 1983-03-14 1984-09-20 Champion Spark Plug Co., Toledo, Ohio Zuendkerze

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053369A (en) * 1931-06-24 1936-09-08 Champion Spark Plug Co Spark plug and method of making the same
US3295005A (en) * 1963-10-28 1966-12-27 Champion Spark Plug Co Ceramic sealing structure
DE2400623A1 (de) * 1974-01-08 1975-07-10 Uwe C Seefluth Zuendkerze
DE3308522A1 (de) * 1983-03-10 1984-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3404081A1 (de) * 1983-03-14 1984-09-20 Champion Spark Plug Co., Toledo, Ohio Zuendkerze

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
F.Kohlrausch "Praktische Physik", Bd. 3 5, 50-52 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3667364D1 (de) 1990-01-11
WO1986007207A1 (fr) 1986-12-04
ES555553A0 (es) 1987-08-16
US4746834A (en) 1988-05-24
DE3600511A1 (de) 1986-12-04
ES8707826A1 (es) 1987-08-16
EP0226595A1 (fr) 1987-07-01

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