EP0106232B1 - Bougie à incandescence pour moteurs à combustion interne avec allumage externe - Google Patents

Bougie à incandescence pour moteurs à combustion interne avec allumage externe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106232B1
EP0106232B1 EP83109726A EP83109726A EP0106232B1 EP 0106232 B1 EP0106232 B1 EP 0106232B1 EP 83109726 A EP83109726 A EP 83109726A EP 83109726 A EP83109726 A EP 83109726A EP 0106232 B1 EP0106232 B1 EP 0106232B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic carrier
connection
glow plug
combustion chamber
metal core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83109726A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0106232A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Josef Dr. Esper
Thomas Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Frey
Wilhelm Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Polach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0106232A1 publication Critical patent/EP0106232A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0106232B1 publication Critical patent/EP0106232B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a glow plug with a heating element is already known (DE-A-3 146 653), in which a conductor-type heating element is arranged on an electrically insulating ceramic tube provided with a bottom on the combustion chamber side;
  • This glow plug is particularly suitable for internal combustion engines without spark ignition, but is also intended for multi-fuel engines with spark ignition.
  • these glow plugs When using such glow plugs for the ignition of fuel vapor-air mixtures in the cylinder head of internal combustion engines with spark ignition (gasoline engine), these glow plugs also work flawlessly in the lower and in the medium load range, but glow ignitions may occur with these glow plugs in the upper load range.
  • An ignition device for glow-head engines (AT-B 69 738) is also known, in which a non-metallic, heat-poorly conductive ignition body is provided, which is provided with a base in the form of a tube and on the combustion chamber side and has a metal core as a carrier in its interior.
  • the ignition body serves as a heat store, but can be of any suitable shape (e.g. also rod-shaped), but it does not carry an electrical heating element, as is known today in glow plugs.
  • the ignition body must always be hot because ignition due to self-ignition of the injected fuel due to the low compression ratio (generally up to 10: 1), the poorly controllable ignition timing and the insufficient mixing of the air with the fuel evaporating at the ignition point does not occur; therefore, the ignition body must already be hot when starting.
  • the glow plug according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it can also be used reliably for the ignition of fuel vapor-air mixtures in internal combustion engines with spark ignition (gasoline engine), d. that is, it not only works properly in the lower and middle load range, but also prevents the occurrence of glow ignitions due to the inventive features in the upper load range.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned side view of an enlarged glow plug according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the further enlarged, combustion chamber-side end section of the glow plug heater shown in FIG. 1, the heat sink of which remains in a solid state at all operating temperatures and one at low and medium operating temperatures Is a gap to the ceramic core forming metal core
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the combustion chamber end portion of a glow plug heater similar to that of Figures 1 and 2, but in addition, an optoelectronic combustion chamber sensor is installed in the metal core.
  • the glow plug 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially consists of three parts: a heating element 11, a bolt-shaped connection means 12 and a tubular metal housing 13.
  • the metal housing 13 has for the installation of the glow plug 10 in an internal combustion engine, not shown, on its outside a screw thread 14, a hexagon key 15 and a sealing seat 16.
  • a sealing shoulder 18 In the longitudinal bore 17 of this tubular metal housing 13 there is a sealing shoulder 18 on which a sealing ring 19 rests and which is arranged facing away from the end section of the glow plug 10 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the radiator 11 of this glow plug 10 is firmly and sealingly covered over part of its length by the metal housing 13.
  • the heating element 11 has a ceramic carrier 20, which consists of electrically insulating ceramic material or glass ceramic, but is preferably made of aluminum oxide.
  • the ceramic carrier 20 has a connection-side-pointing head 21, merges into a collar 23 via a connection-side-pointing sealing shoulder 22, continues on the combustion chamber side as a collar shoulder 24 with a small diameter, and merges into the foot 26 of the ceramic carrier 20 via a combustion-chamber-side sealing shoulder 25.
  • the ceramic support 20 rests with its sealing shoulder 25 on the combustion chamber side on the sealing ring 19 in the housing longitudinal bore 17, carries a sealing ring 27 on its sealing side 22 on the connection side and is supported by a connection-side end portion of the metal housing 13 located, on the sealing ring 27 pressing flange 28 fixed.
  • the metal housing 13 has what is known as a heat-shrinkable region 29, which is known per se (US Pat. No. 2,111,916) and ensures that the radiator 11 is installed in a sealed manner in the metal housing 13.
  • the ceramic carrier 20 can also be fixed in a sealing manner in the metal housing 13 by cementing or the like.
  • the ceramic carrier 20 has a longitudinal bore 30 which is open on the connection side and closed on the combustion chamber side with a base 31; the area on the connection side of the ceramic carrier longitudinal bore 30, referred to as the head bore 32, merges via a frustoconical bore transition 33 into the foot bore 34, which has a smaller diameter.
  • the bottom 31 of the ceramic carrier 20 protrudes somewhat from the longitudinal bore 17 of the metal housing 13; the ceramic support head 21, on the other hand, protrudes somewhat further from the connection-side end of the metal housing 13 in the illustrated embodiment of the glow plug 10.
  • the end section of the ceramic support foot 26 on the combustion chamber side is protected by a protective sleeve 35, which consists of heat-resistant material, on the combustion chamber end of the metal housing 13 is fastened by welding or the like, keeps a distance from the bottom 31 of the ceramic carrier 20 and is provided with openings 36 which serve the entry or exit of unburned or burned fuel-air mixtures to the radiator 11.
  • the heating element 37 of this radiator 11 is, as already known from the German utility model (DE-U-8 103 317), applied in layers to the outside of the ceramic support base 26, preferably in the area of the dome-shaped ceramic support base 31, preferably consists of a platinum Rhodium alloy with a ceramic component (e.g. aluminum oxide), but can also be made from another suitable, electrically conductive material.
  • This heating element 37 is preferably applied to the ceramic carrier 20 by means of known thick-film technology and can be of a configuration adapted to the particular application (for example meandering or as a constriction).
  • This heating element 37 is connected to connecting conductor tracks 38 and 39, which are likewise applied to the ceramic carrier 20 using thick-film technology and preferably consist of a mixture of platinum and aluminum oxide; Instead of using platinum for these connecting conductor tracks 38 and 39 as well as for the heating element 37, suitable base metals such as, for. B. Tungsten and applied to the ceramic substrate 20 in thick-film technology.
  • the first connecting conductor 38 is guided up to the sealing shoulder 25 of the ceramic carrier 20 and is in electrical connection here via the sealing ring 19 with the metal housing 13 which is electrically connected to ground.
  • the second connecting conductor track 39 extends all the way to the connection-side end of the ceramic carrier 20 and then further into the ceramic carrier longitudinal bore 30, namely up to the frustoconical bore transition 33.
  • the heating element 37 and the connecting conductor tracks 38, 39 are covered with a protective layer 40 exclusively at their end sections (see FIG. 2); the second connecting conductor 39 is covered with this protective layer 40 at least up to the connection-side end of the ceramic carrier head 21.
  • This protective layer 40 is a dense, electrically insulating, ceramic material such as. B. alumina and magnesium spinel.
  • connection means 12 is designed as a bolt and preferably has a knurling or a thread as anchoring means 42 on its combustion chamber-side end section. While the anchoring means 42 is fixed in the glass melt flow, the connection bolt 12 has a connection thread 43 at its connection-side end section, via which it connects with additional connection means, not shown, is connected to a current source, also not shown, in an electrically conductive manner.
  • connecting bolt 12 For axially fixing the connecting bolt 12 in the ceramic carrier longitudinal bore 30, it is provided with a collar 44 which rests on the end face 45 of the ceramic carrier 20.
  • the power supply from the power source, not shown, to the heating element 37 thus takes place via the connecting bolt 12, the electrically conductive glass melt flow 41 and the second connecting conductor 39.
  • landing sites can also serve as connection means, which would have to be arranged isolated from one another on the ceramic carrier head 21; the landing sites are known to be applied to the ceramic carrier head 21 using thick-film technology and can consist, for example, of platinum.
  • the first connection conductor 38 can also be guided correspondingly to the ceramic support head 21.
  • the connection bolt 12 can be omitted.
  • Such a metal core 46 consists of a material which has a solid state in all operating states of the internal combustion engine and which closes or opens the gap 47 due to its expansion or shrinkage behavior due to the effect of temperature. Suitable materials for such a metal core 46 are preferably aluminum bronze and chromium-nickel steel, which also have an increasing thermal conductivity with increasing temperature, but other materials such as e.g. B. copper and silver.
  • the connection-side end face 48 of this metal core 46 lies approximately at the connection-side end of the ceramic carrier foot bore 34, but can also lie further on the connection side, for. B. extend into the bore transition 33 or even up to the combustion chamber-side section of the ceramic support head bore 32.
  • the connection-side end face 48 of the metal core 46 simultaneously forms the boundary on the combustion chamber side for the electrically conductive glass melt flow 41.
  • the metal core 46 has a diameter of 2.8 mm and a length of 12 mm; Depending on the application, these dimensions can vary, in particular with regard to the length of the metal core 46, which can be approximately in the range between 3 and 15 mm.
  • the ceramic carrier 20 has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm in the region of its base 31, but increases in the direction of the collar shoulder 24 to approximately 3 mm. Electrically conductive glass melt flows 41 are known per se and are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,909,459.
  • a gap 47 is present between the heat sink 46 and the foot bore 34 of the ceramic carrier 20, which gap closes with increasing operating temperatures in accordance with the expansion behavior of the metal core 46 and closes above approximately 850/950 ° C. with a considerable part of its surface creates the wall of the foot hole 34; the more the gap 47 narrows or the more parts of its surface are applied to the wall of the foot bore 34, the more heat is dissipated from the end section of the heating element 11 on the combustion chamber side to the area of the glow plug 10 on the connection side.
  • the design of the gap 47 is also of major importance for the adaptation to the respective internal combustion engine; it can therefore also be advantageous if the gap 47 in the area of the ceramic support base 31 is larger than laterally next to the metal core 46.
  • the gap 47 widens again and dissipates less heat from the ceramic carrier base 31. As a result of the mode of operation described above, the occurrence of glow ignitions in internal combustion engines with spark ignition is avoided.
  • a heater 11/4 is shown in FIG. which can be installed in a glow plug according to FIG. 1 and is additionally provided with a combustion chamber sensor 55/4.
  • a combustion chamber sensor 55/4 In the present example in a longitudinal bore 56/4 of the heat sink 46/4 a z. B. built of quartz glass existing optoelectronic sensor element; this optoelectronic sensor element leads on the connection side through the glass melt flow 41/4 and a central bore 57/4 of the bolt-like connecting means 12/4 to an optoelectric converter (DE-A-29 05 506), not shown, and is on the combustion chamber side with a lens-like, near the bottom 31/4 of the ceramic carrier 20/4 molded thickening 58/4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Bougie à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne avec allumage externe, comportant un corps chauffant (11) qui peut se monter de façon étanche dans le cylindre du moteur à combustion interne, est entouré par un boîtier métallique tubulaire (13), comporte un support céramique (20), muni d'un fond tubulaire côté chambre de combustion et électriquement isolant, pour un élément électrique chauffant (37), du type ruban conducteur, disposé sur la surface extérieure du support céramique (20), relié, par l'intermédiaire d'un conducteur de raccordement du type ruban conducteur (31, 39), à la portion d'extrémité, côté raccordement, du support céramique (20) et recouvert d'une couche protectrice (40) étanche et électriquement isolante, étant précisé que les conducteurs de raccordement de l'élément chauffant (37) sont en liaison électrique avec des moyens supplémentaires de raccordement que l'on peut raccorder à une source de courant, caractérisée en ce que dans la portion, côté chambre de combustion, de l'alésage longitudinale (30) du support céramique (20) est disposé, comme dispositif d'affaiblissement thermique (46), un noyau métallique qui, par suite de son comportement en dilatation sous l'action de la température, s'applique, par une partie importante de sa surface, contre le support céramique (20, 34) pour des températures d'exploitation supérieures à environ 850/950 °C, mais, en dessous de la température d'exploitation indiquée, présente au moins partiellement une fente (47) par rapport au support céramique (20, 34).
2. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'affaiblissement thermique (46) conçu comme noyau métallique est constitué de bronze d'aluminium, d'acier au chrome-nickel, de cuivre ou d'argent.
3. Bougie à incandescence selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisée en ce que les rubans conducteurs de raccordement (38, 39) de l'élément chauffant (37) sont recouverts d'une couche de protection (40) électriquement isolante, étanche et qui ne laisse non recouvertes que les zones des rubans conducteurs de raccordement (38, 39) qui servent de points de liaison électrique.
4. Bougie à incandescence selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que dans le corps chauffant (11/4) est disposé un détecteur de chambre de combustion (55/4), de préférence un détecteur optoélectronique, qui de préférence court dans un alésage longitudinal (56/4) du dispositif d'affaiblissement thermique (46/4) conçu comme noyau métallique ainsi que dans un alésage central (57/4) d'un élément de raccordement (12/4), en forme de broche, entouré par les moyens supplémentaires de raccordement.
EP83109726A 1982-10-13 1983-09-29 Bougie à incandescence pour moteurs à combustion interne avec allumage externe Expired EP0106232B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3237922 1982-10-13
DE19823237922 DE3237922A1 (de) 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 Gluehkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen mit fremdzuendung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0106232A1 EP0106232A1 (fr) 1984-04-25
EP0106232B1 true EP0106232B1 (fr) 1986-06-18

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83109726A Expired EP0106232B1 (fr) 1982-10-13 1983-09-29 Bougie à incandescence pour moteurs à combustion interne avec allumage externe

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EP (1) EP0106232B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3237922A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8405920A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0194535A3 (fr) * 1985-03-15 1988-01-07 Allied Corporation Bougie à incandescence comprenant une résistance chauffante stratiforme d'une siliciure métallique
DE19527873C2 (de) * 1995-07-29 2001-09-13 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Einrichtung zum Erzeugen und Zünden eines Brennstoffdampf-Luft-Gemisches
DE10228077A1 (de) * 2002-06-20 2004-01-08 Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mechanisch stabilen und elektrisch leitfähigen Verbindung zwischen einem metallischen Aufnahmeelement und einem vorzugsweise stiftförmigen keramischen Element, insbesondere bei Glühkerzen für Dieselmotoren
DE102004030990A1 (de) * 2004-06-26 2006-01-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit einem mit einer Schutzschicht überzogenen Glühstift

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748711B2 (de) * 1976-11-08 1979-04-26 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Wärmerohr
GB2092670A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT69738B (de) * 1913-02-27 1915-08-25 Pohl & Soehne Fa E Zündvorrichtung für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen.
DE2900984C2 (de) * 1979-01-12 1983-01-05 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Glühkerze für Dieselmotoren
DE3146653C2 (de) * 1981-02-07 1986-09-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Glühkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748711B2 (de) * 1976-11-08 1979-04-26 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Wärmerohr
GB2092670A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug for internal combustion engines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3237922A1 (de) 1984-04-19
ES526443A0 (es) 1984-06-16
EP0106232A1 (fr) 1984-04-25
DE3364202D1 (en) 1986-07-24
ES8405920A1 (es) 1984-06-16

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