EP0234048A1 - Méthode et machine pour fabriquer des éléments de maçonnerie - Google Patents

Méthode et machine pour fabriquer des éléments de maçonnerie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0234048A1
EP0234048A1 EP86118144A EP86118144A EP0234048A1 EP 0234048 A1 EP0234048 A1 EP 0234048A1 EP 86118144 A EP86118144 A EP 86118144A EP 86118144 A EP86118144 A EP 86118144A EP 0234048 A1 EP0234048 A1 EP 0234048A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pallet
station
stones
lined
joints
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86118144A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0234048B1 (fr
Inventor
Ignaz Dr. H.C. Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86118144T priority Critical patent/ATE53621T1/de
Publication of EP0234048A1 publication Critical patent/EP0234048A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0234048B1 publication Critical patent/EP0234048B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
    • E04C2/042—Apparatus for handling the smaller elements or the hardenable material; bricklaying machines for prefabricated panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/22—Tools or apparatus for setting building elements with mortar, e.g. bricklaying machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing masonry wall elements according to the preamble of claim 1 and devices for performing the method.
  • Masonry made of bricks, sand-lime bricks and lightweight building blocks are usually created layer by layer, which is very expensive and time-consuming. It is known from DE-PS 12 82 532 to partially mechanize the creation of masonry.
  • the building blocks are fed into a layer to build a vertical wall using grippers.
  • mortar is mechanically applied to this layer.
  • anchoring irons are inserted into the vertical holes and then mortared.
  • the stones are lined up in a first station on a template which is designed as an endless conveyor belt. After the stones of a wall element have been lined up, they are gripped by a tensioning and lifting device and fed in association with a mold which has a mortar bed. There the mortar should rise in the joints. It is drained in the mold at the same time. The shape is then tilted horizontally. Only wall elements of the same shape can be produced per template will. Since the mortar should rise in the joints, proper grouting of the joints is not to be expected.
  • the object is to design the method and the device in such a way that a prefabrication of different masonry wall elements is possible by machine in series production.
  • the walls produced in the runner association have vertical press joints and, for example, 1.5 cm thick horizontal mortar joints. So the wall elements can be transported safely and assembled among themselves, steel inlays can be provided in the horizontal mortar joints and the vertical holes.
  • the change from one stone size to another stone size can be done easily, quickly and inexpensively.
  • the series production of the wall elements results in lower material and labor costs.
  • the assembly of the prefabricated wall elements shortens the construction time considerably and thus reduces the construction and financing costs.
  • the wall elements can be manufactured in factories, regardless of the weather.
  • the wall elements can be transported dry to the installation site, so that the building thus constructed is not damp.
  • grippers can also be provided, which grip the stones A, B at the line-up station 8 and place them on the pallet 2 in the correct position.
  • the formwork walls 13, 23 are adjustable, which allows adjustment to walls of different heights and lengths.
  • the guide strips 11 mentioned have on their underside a multiplicity of lamellae 12 which are mounted so that they can be deflected upwards. The stones are guided between these slats. Due to the upward evasibility, it is possible to insert a support frame 20.
  • the longitudinal formwork walls 13, 15 and the slats 12 can be provided with sliding rollers, each having vertically extending axes of rotation, whereby the friction when the stones are pushed onto the pallet 2 is reduced.
  • the pallet 2 is now transported from the line-up station 1 to the mortaring station 3.
  • the mortaring device 4 which is adjustable in height, moves along the horizontal mortar joints D, as a result of which the mortar is introduced into these joints.
  • Behind the mortaring device 4 there are horizontal brushes with their axes arranged at an angle to the mortar joints D, which brushes did not get into the joints Brush off the mortar.
  • each mortar joint D is assigned its own mortar pump which conveys a constant volume. In order to fill joints of different depths, the mortaring device moves at different speeds.
  • the pallet reaches a tilting station 5.
  • the aforementioned work was carried out in a first upper level.
  • the pallet 2 is lowered into a second lower level and tilted in this lowered position, so that the wall element 26 is now vertical.
  • the side formwork wall 15 is designed as a base that can be separated from the pallet 2 and remains under the wall element 26 after tilting.
  • the wall element 26 is held in its vertical position by holding claws 25 which can be lowered from above. Every second vertical stone hole is now penetrated hydraulically by means of piercing lances 6.
  • Vertical reinforcing irons and, if necessary, transport anchors are inserted into the holes pierced by the statics. Then 6 mortar is introduced into these holes through the piercing lances. If necessary, the back of the wall element 26, which previously rested on the pallet 2, is cleaned.
  • the pallet 2 is tilted back into its horizontal position and conveyed back in the second level below the mortaring station 3 to the line-up station 1, where it is lifted and is ready for the production of a further wall element.
  • the side formwork wall 15 is designed as a normal formwork wall, before tilting the pallet 2 is folded down. A transport and storage foot is inserted in its place. Then the tipping is carried out. When the pallet 2 is tilted back, the side formwork wall 15 is then folded up again. If the side formwork wall 15 is designed as a transport and storage base, then a new side formwork wall is inserted after tilting.
  • all stones of a layer C are lined up on the sorting surface 8A and these stones are deposited as a layer on the pallet 2.
  • the mode of operation is as follows: On the transport pallet 22 there are all the runner blocks B and on the transport pallet 22 'half the runner blocks A. A crane 29 detects a whole layer of these stones A and B. The position of the runner blocks B is on an endless belt 28A and the position half the runner stones A on another endless belt 28B, between which the two feed surfaces 7A and 7B are located. The stones B are transferred from the belt 28A to the feed surface 7A and the stones A from the belt 28B to the feed surface 7B.
  • the feed surfaces 7A and 7B are designed as transport devices, corresponding to the transport devices 9, 9 'of the first embodiment.
  • a transverse shifting device 27 pushes half a sliding block A from the application surface 7B onto the application surface 7A.
  • the stones are brought from the feed surface 7A to the sorting surface 8A, which is also designed as a transport device and an extension of the feed surface 7A. All stones of a layer are lined up in the correct position on the sorting surface 8A.
  • Another crane 31 which has a gripper 32 which has a length greater than or equal to the length of a layer C, grasps all the stones of the layer lined up on the sorting surface 8A and sets them down on the pallet 2. In this case, the layers close to the sorting surface 8A are first formed and placed on the pallet.
  • FIG. 8 shows, recesses such as for doors and windows are taken into account when the layers are lined up.
  • the individual layers C are deposited on the pallet 2 with a gap in compliance with the horizontal mortar joints D.
  • the pallet 2 is moved to the left via rollers and friction wheels parallel to the sorting surface 8A on rails on which the pallet 2 is transported transversely to an arming station 30.
  • the reinforcement of the wall element takes place in the reinforcement station 30, namely that the horizontal reinforcement bars and / or connecting loops are inserted into the joints D and also anchoring bars are inserted into part of the vertical holes.
  • the pallet 2 is now moved over rollers and friction wheels parallel to the original direction of movement, however in the opposite direction, under a mortaring station 3A, which has a stationary mortaring device 4A.
  • the mortaring device has its own mortar pump 33 with a nozzle 34.
  • Each mortar pump delivers a constant delivery volume.
  • the speed at which the pallet 2 passes under the mortar 4A can be adjusted according to the volume of the joints D, so that joints D of different volumes are filled evenly.
  • the pallet After passing through the mortaring station 3A, the pallet arrives on further rails on which it is moved in the transverse direction to a tilting station 5A. There a transport and storage foot 35 is attached to the pallet and then the pallet is tilted in the vertical position. The transport and storage foot 35 is then removed from the pallet 2, so that the pallet 2 can be tilted back and the wall element 26 now stands on the transport and storage foot. The tilted-back pallet 2 is now moved back over rollers and friction wheels to the line-up station 1A, where stones A and B are lined up again on it.
  • the formwork for these cutouts is installed in the reinforcement station 30.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP86118144A 1986-02-20 1986-12-30 Méthode et machine pour fabriquer des éléments de maçonnerie Expired - Lifetime EP0234048B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86118144T ATE53621T1 (de) 1986-02-20 1986-12-30 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von mauerwerks-wandelementen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3605373 1986-02-20
DE19863605373 DE3605373A1 (de) 1986-02-20 1986-02-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von mauerwerks-wandelementen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0234048A1 true EP0234048A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
EP0234048B1 EP0234048B1 (fr) 1990-06-13

Family

ID=6294501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86118144A Expired - Lifetime EP0234048B1 (fr) 1986-02-20 1986-12-30 Méthode et machine pour fabriquer des éléments de maçonnerie

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0234048B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE53621T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8700778A (fr)
DE (2) DE3605373A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2016250B3 (fr)
PT (1) PT84308B (fr)
TR (1) TR22612A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924359A2 (fr) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-23 Durisol-Werke Gesellschaft m.b.H. Nachf. Kommanditgesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'éléments muraux préfabriqués pour la construction de bâtiments et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
AT503658B1 (de) * 2006-10-24 2007-12-15 Kurz Josef Dipl Ing Vorrichtung zur herstellung von gemauerten fertigteilelementen aus bausteinen
CN104806029A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-07-29 江苏建筑职业技术学院 一种砖墙砌筑装置及其使用方法
CN113513180A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-10-19 浙江舜虞达环境科技集团有限公司 一种轻质复合墙板的模块化自动砌墙系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19527275A1 (de) * 1995-07-26 1997-01-30 Winklmann Ziegelmontagebau Verfahren zur Herstellung vorgefertigter verputzter Mauerwerkswände und Schalungstisch zu dessen Durchführung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1955361A1 (de) * 1968-08-13 1971-05-13 Vereniging De Nl Baksteenindus Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur horizontalen Vorfertigung eines Steinverbandes
DE2149561A1 (de) * 1971-10-05 1973-04-19 Hans Lingl Verfahren und vorrichtung zur automatischen herstllung von wandteilen aus ziegel, insbes. blockziegel, fuer den fertigbau
DE2211542B1 (de) * 1972-03-10 1973-07-12 Hans 7910 Neu-Ulm Lingl Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Vorfertigung von Wandteilen aus Formungen, z.B. Blockziegeln

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1282532B (de) * 1963-12-23 1968-11-07 Dr Alfred Schach Verfahren zur Herstellung von vorzugsweise stockwerkshohen Mauersteintafeln und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
GB1243017A (en) * 1967-09-29 1971-08-18 South African Brick Ass Ltd Building panel and the manufacture of such panel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1955361A1 (de) * 1968-08-13 1971-05-13 Vereniging De Nl Baksteenindus Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur horizontalen Vorfertigung eines Steinverbandes
DE2149561A1 (de) * 1971-10-05 1973-04-19 Hans Lingl Verfahren und vorrichtung zur automatischen herstllung von wandteilen aus ziegel, insbes. blockziegel, fuer den fertigbau
DE2211542B1 (de) * 1972-03-10 1973-07-12 Hans 7910 Neu-Ulm Lingl Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Vorfertigung von Wandteilen aus Formungen, z.B. Blockziegeln

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924359A2 (fr) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-23 Durisol-Werke Gesellschaft m.b.H. Nachf. Kommanditgesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'éléments muraux préfabriqués pour la construction de bâtiments et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
EP0924359A3 (fr) * 1997-12-16 2000-11-08 Durisol-Werke Gesellschaft m.b.H. Nachf. Kommanditgesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'éléments muraux préfabriqués pour la construction de bâtiments et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
AT503658B1 (de) * 2006-10-24 2007-12-15 Kurz Josef Dipl Ing Vorrichtung zur herstellung von gemauerten fertigteilelementen aus bausteinen
CN104806029A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-07-29 江苏建筑职业技术学院 一种砖墙砌筑装置及其使用方法
CN113513180A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-10-19 浙江舜虞达环境科技集团有限公司 一种轻质复合墙板的模块化自动砌墙系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE53621T1 (de) 1990-06-15
DE3605373A1 (de) 1987-08-27
ES2016250B3 (es) 1990-11-01
DE3671929D1 (de) 1990-07-19
DE3605373C2 (fr) 1991-10-31
PT84308B (pt) 1989-10-04
EP0234048B1 (fr) 1990-06-13
BR8700778A (pt) 1987-12-15
PT84308A (de) 1987-03-01
TR22612A (tr) 1988-01-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AT247768B (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung vorgefertigter, vorzugsweise stockwerkshoher Mauersteintafeln
EP0234048B1 (fr) Méthode et machine pour fabriquer des éléments de maçonnerie
DE3446092C2 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Herstellen von Wandelementen aus Kalksandsteinen
AT253200B (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Mauerwerk aus Bausteinen
DE2459951A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbindung und zum transport von vorgefertigten bauelementen fuer mauern und trennwaenden von gebaeuden
AT252089B (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von als Fertigteile zu versetzenden Wandelementen
DE2446768C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Einrütteln von Dübeln in Straßendecken aus Beton
DE2334323C3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen vertikalen Mauern eines Wandteils aus Ziegeln o.dgl
DE102005038338B4 (de) Palettenumlaufanlage mit kontinuierlichem Palettentransport zur Herstellung von Betonteilen
CH630986A5 (de) Sturz fuer durchgaenge, tuer- und fensteroeffnungen.
DE2313316A1 (de) Quaderfoermiger schalungsstein fuer tragende wandungen
EP0804325B1 (fr) Procede et installation pour la fabrication d'elements porteurs
DE1683833C (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen ein- oder zweischaliger geschoßhoher Bauplatten
DE2654584B2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Vorfertigung großflächiger Mauersteinwände
DE1683833B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen ein- oder zweischaliger geschosshoher Bauplatten
DE3038534C2 (de) Verfahren zum Vorfertigen von Wandteilen aus Blockziegeln
DE2233209C3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Herstellen von Wandelementen
DE19858219A1 (de) Mauermaschine zum Erstellen von Wandelementen aus Bausteinen
DE3308322C2 (de) Maschine zur Herstellung von Deckenelementen und Stürzen aus Ziegeln und Beton
DE3150126C1 (de) Vorrichtung zum automatischen Vorfertigen von Wandteilen aus Blockziegeln od.dgl. im lotrechten Aufbau
DE1813344A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Herstellung vorgefertigter rechteckiger Baubloecke
DE2804460A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur herstellung von dachziegeln
DE19812255A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zum Erstellen eines Mauerwerks und dazu verwendbares vorgefertigtes Bauelement
DE2213072A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Baupaneelen
DE2408484C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verkleidungen an vorgefertigten Wandteilen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19871010

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19890116

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19900613

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19900613

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 53621

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19900615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3671929

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19900719

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: MODIANO & ASSOCIATI S.R.L.

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19901230

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19901231

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19901231

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19901231

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19951023

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19951110

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19951218

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19951229

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19951230

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19960206

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19961230

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES

Effective date: 19961231

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19961231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: WALTER IGNAZ

Effective date: 19961231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19970701

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19961230

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19970829

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19970701

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19970902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20010402

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051230