EP0225313B1 - Feux pour véhicule - Google Patents

Feux pour véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225313B1
EP0225313B1 EP86890322A EP86890322A EP0225313B1 EP 0225313 B1 EP0225313 B1 EP 0225313B1 EP 86890322 A EP86890322 A EP 86890322A EP 86890322 A EP86890322 A EP 86890322A EP 0225313 B1 EP0225313 B1 EP 0225313B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
projection lens
vehicle headlight
reflector
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86890322A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0225313A2 (fr
EP0225313A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Kanzler
Gerald Bachtrod
Alois Ing. Noisser
Ernst Gugerell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZKW Group GmbH
Original Assignee
Zizala Lichtsysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zizala Lichtsysteme GmbH filed Critical Zizala Lichtsysteme GmbH
Publication of EP0225313A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225313A2/fr
Publication of EP0225313A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225313A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0225313B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225313B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/60Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution
    • F21S41/63Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on refractors, filters or transparent cover plates
    • F21S41/635Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on refractors, filters or transparent cover plates by moving refractors, filters or transparent cover plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25Projection lenses
    • F21S41/26Elongated lenses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/334Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
    • F21S41/336Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/43Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle headlamp with a radiation guide system in which a projection lens, which is arranged independently of the light source and at least essentially detects the amount of light emerging from the lamp, is possibly followed only by a cover plate, and in which a reflector is located on the side of the light source facing away from the projection lens is provided, the projection lens being provided with different surface curvatures in sections and being delimited in particular in the direction of the light source by a curved surface, and the projection lens being arranged in the headlight so as to be adjustable without the interposition of a diaphragm between the light source and the projection lens and preferably relative to the light source.
  • the area of the driver of a motor vehicle is very wide and relatively low. Only a certain area of this very space can be illuminated, since oncoming traffic must not be dazzled.
  • the classic headlight system which in addition to the light source consists of two optical systems, namely a parabolic reflector (homofocal reflector) and the cover plate, is only suitable for this purpose with certain restrictions, since the corrugation of the cover plate (i.e. its breakdown into individual lens groups) is the only means of Achieving a desired light distribution offers, if one refrains from the design of the reflector as a rectangular reflector. It should also be borne in mind that the cover plate must often be skewed to the optical axis of the headlamp for structural reasons.
  • PE stands for polyellipsoid
  • DE for three-dimensional ellipsoid
  • these systems are built in analogy to a slide projector, at which the object (the slide) is imaged via a lens, which is essentially a converging lens. Accordingly, the PE and DE systems also have a converging lens which is arranged between the light source and the cover plate.
  • these systems are with one special ellipsoid reflector and an aperture, which is arranged in the area of the second focal point of the ellipsoid and is shown as a light / dark boundary.
  • the curved object diaphragm - also called the Petzval bowl - has to be adjusted precisely and absorbs a large amount of light energy, which is lost for the intended purpose, in the form of thermal energy, which leads to deformation and misalignment of the diaphragm and to overheating of the headlamp .
  • DE-A-24 61 918 relates to a headlamp system with reflector, projection lens and diaphragm arranged between them, the described and illustrated projection lenses being designed in a conventional manner.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment without a drawn-in diaphragm, in which an unsharp light / dark boundary is formed by the fact that an elliptical concave mirror section is provided instead of a reflector symmetrical to the light source, the edge of which parallel to the filament is depicted as a light / dark boundary
  • arrangement is among other things the basic requirement according to claim 1 of DE-A-24 61 918, namely that the area of the exit pupil is not greater than 2 cm2 in any direction, cannot be met due to the fact that direct light enters the scattering lens from the horizontal lamp.
  • an aperture must be provided, which appears in the other figures. 5 is therefore to be regarded as incomplete; their revelation should always be seen in the context of the overall revelation.
  • DE-A-32 41 826 relates to the known PE system with an elliptical reflector with two focal points (F1, F2) and a converging lens, a radiation diaphragm being arranged in the second focal point F2 and the focal point of the converging lens also coinciding with F2. According to this document, it is a matter of determining critical zones on the elliptical reflector and not reflecting them by surface treatment or make it less reflective, or change its shape.
  • FR-A-2501333 relates to an optical system which is completely different from the objective optical system, where only a cover plate may follow the projection lens, so that the projection lens produces the imaging pattern.
  • these pure diverting lenses are followed by diaphragm edges and deflecting mirrors, which redirect the light against the reflector, from where it is only reflected in the direction of the cover plate. Accordingly, a curvature of the projection lenses that is different in sections with respect to the imaging pattern is also not provided; they do not project the light outside the headlight.
  • GB-A-1 570 805 relates to a headlamp with a concave reflector which is designed to be translucent in the horizontal plane, so that light which is not deflected by the reflector forms a light beam there which is inclined with respect to the main light beam.
  • the reflector is divided.
  • incandescent lamps can be provided in which a biconvex lens section is provided on a conventional bulb as a front part for detecting the close range of the optical axis. These end parts only capture part of the emitted light and, moreover, have two differently curved convex areas, which are, however, curved in the same way.
  • the lens-like configurations of the cover plate which are also possible, only essentially cover the near region of the optical axis.
  • DE-A-32 00 796 relates to the formation of a dimming cap for dipped-beam headlamps, in which a conventional reflector (in particular a parabolic reflector), a lamp and this dimming cap is provided between the lamp and the reflector.
  • the anti-dazzle device has a surface concave towards the light source, in which areas of different curvature adjoin one another.
  • the subject of the invention is a vehicle headlight of the type mentioned at the outset, characterized in that the projection lens has flat areas for focusing rays by total reflection and that the reflector in the vicinity of the light source, in particular in the area of the strongest reflector curvature, has at least two independently curved, preferably symmetrically arranged with respect to the light source , Has sections curved away from the light source or is formed from these sections.
  • the desired light distribution is achieved, as is known, by corresponding surface curvatures of the projection lens surfaces which differ in sections.
  • the projection lens is corrected with regard to the desired imaging pattern, ie the shape of the light spot generated and its luminance distribution.
  • the projection lens is advantageously also adapted to the light entry.
  • the accuracy that can be achieved by casting processes is sufficient for this.
  • Surface curvature which differs in sections thus means that curvatures which differ from one another are present on at least one of the surfaces which form the surface of the projection lens.
  • the flat areas for beam bundling by total reflection serve primarily to achieve a sharp light / dark boundary.
  • edge regions of the projection lens are advantageously covered opaque. This can be done favorably by the projection lens holder or by the lamp mask itself, ie by the outer edge of the lamp.
  • a cover plate is not absolutely necessary, so that the projection lens then forms the face of the lamp.
  • a cover plate can, however, be advantageous in certain cases.
  • the projection lens together with and / or with respect to its holder, is preferably adjustable for adjustment with respect to the light source. No optical accuracy is required here - as is essential for a diaphragm.
  • the adjustability of the projection lens is in particular a spatial adjustability; depending on the design, a tilt, swivel or displacement adjustment may be sufficient.
  • the sections arched away from the light source advantageously have spherical surface profiles, preferably of the same radius, and are advantageously arranged abutting one another, wherein preferably a butt edge is formed which is cut by the optical axis of the vehicle headlight.
  • light sources in particular are used in such a way that their filament runs essentially at right angles to the optical axis of the headlamp, preferably at least in a projection parallel to a light exit boundary edge.
  • the filament advantageously runs parallel to the carriageway at right angles to the optical axis of the headlamp.
  • an H 1 incandescent lamp which has an axial filament is used from the side or an H 3 incandescent lamp which has a transverse helix from above or below.
  • the vehicle headlight according to the invention is particularly advantageously designed with flattened reflector regions adjoining a curved reflector region upwards and downwards, in particular as a rectangular headlight.
  • the reflector can also be provided with steps outside the area of the curved sections.
  • the vehicle headlight according to the invention is designed as a double headlight with independent light sources, which are preferably used in each case on opposite sides of the double headlight.
  • This relates above all to headlights arranged one above the other, in which one light bulb is inserted from above and the other from below. It is also possible to use both lamps from behind or from the side.
  • At least one shield can be provided in the region of the light source in order to avoid the transmission of reflections occurring at the light source bulb and / or base to the projection lens.
  • the targeted beam bundling makes it possible to use the vehicle headlamp according to the invention for all matters relating to motor vehicle exterior lighting, in particular thus for low beam, fog or high beam headlamps, but also for position or brake lights or reversing lights.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section
  • FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through a headlight according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section through a variant of the headlight according to FIG. 1 and Figure 2.
  • a rectangular headlight with a holder 1, a reflector 2, a light bulb 3 and a cover plate 4 is shown. It can be seen that the cover plate 4 is skewed to the optical axis 5 of the headlight, i.e. it is inclined with respect to both the vertical and the horizontal reflector symmetry plane.
  • the light bulb 3 is inserted from below, its filament 6 is horizontal and in the horizontal projection parallel to the upper and lower light exit limiting edge of the headlight.
  • the reflector 2 is a parabolic reflector which, in the region of its greatest curvature, has two sections 7, 7 'arranged symmetrically to the optical axis 5 and curved away from the incandescent lamp 3, the abutting edge 8 of which is cut by the optical axis 5.
  • the curved sections 7, 7 ' have a spherical surface profile with the same radii.
  • a projection lens 9 is provided in a lens holder 10 between the incandescent lamp 3 and the cover plate 4.
  • the projection lens 9 is a flat wedge lens which is curved away from the incandescent lamp 3 both on the light entry side and on the light exit side; it therefore fulfills the function of a combined collecting and scattering lens.
  • the light entry side curvature is a cylindrical surface, the light exit side curvature a corrected toroidal surface.
  • Fig. 1 it can be seen that the lower flat area of the projection lens 9 is shorter than the upper flat area.
  • the flat areas of the projection lens 9 serve, among other things, to bundle the rays through total reflection.
  • the lens holder 10 is adjustable relative to the incandescent lamp 3, it being shown that the lens holder is firmly connected to the reflector body 2 at the top and a screw adjustment with a compression spring 11 is provided at the bottom.
  • the projection lens 9 is arranged twice asymmetrically with respect to the optical axis 5.
  • a simple asymmetrical or symmetrical arrangement is also possible.
  • the reflector 2 is provided with an additional step 12 outside the curved sections 7,7 '.
  • the stage 12 can also be arranged on both sides of the incandescent lamp 3 and is used to bundle edge rays in preferred areas.
  • Areas of the projection lens 9 can optionally be mirrored, in particular the upper and lower flat areas. This also applies to parts of the holder 10, in particular in the area where bundled light strikes from the curved sections 7, 7 'of the reflector 2.
  • the cover disks if used, can also have a corresponding corrugation.
  • a shield 13 which surrounds the lamp shaft and the lower part of the lamp bulb approximately semicircularly, but can also encompass it completely, particularly in the bulb area.
  • This shielding can be used to prevent reflections that occur on the lamp bulb (for example, due to the retraction of the H3 lamp shown) and / or on the lamp base appear as second and third focal points of the lamp and are emitted to the reflection lens.
  • the desired light distribution and luminance can thus be achieved without the arrangement of heat-sensitive light / dark diaphragms; furthermore, the manufacture of a reflector designed according to the invention is far simpler than that of a PE or DE reflector.
  • the adjustment of the optical system is also much less complex and susceptible to that with the PE or DE systems.
  • the luminaire system according to the invention provides a bifocal reflector; the overall length of a headlamp according to the invention is thus far less than that of PE or DE headlamps.

Claims (11)

  1. Projecteur pour véhicule possédant un système à guidage de rayons, dans lequel une lentille de projection (9) disposée d'une façon indépendante de la source de lumière et recevant au moins essentiellement la quantité de lumière émise par le projecteur est succédée, le cas échéant, uniquement par un disque de couverture (4), et dans lequel un réflecteur est disposé au côté de la source de lumière détourné de la lentille de projection, la lentille de projection possédant des sections à courbes différentes et étant définie, particulièrement vers la source de lumière (3), par une surface courbée, et la lentille de projection (9) étant disposée au sein du projecteur sans qu'il soit inséré un écran entre la source de lumière (3) et la lentille de projection (9) et préférablement d'une façon réglable relative à la souce de lumière, caractérisé en ce que la lentille de projection (9) possède des zones plates afin de focaliser les rayons en un faisceau par réflection totale et que le réflecteur (2), à proximité de la source de lumière (3), particulièrement dans la zone de courbure la plus prononcée du reflecteur, comprend au moins deux sections (7, 7') qui sont courbées indépendamment l'une de l'autre, placées préférablement d'une façon symmétrique par rapport à la source de lumière (3) et dont la courbure est détournée de celle-ci, et/ou est formé de ces sections.
  2. Projecteur pour véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sur la lentille de projection des zones marginales sont masquées d'une manière opaque.
  3. Projecteur pour véhicule selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les zones marginales de la lente de projection sont masquées par le support (10) de celle-ci.
  4. Projecteur pour véhicule selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les zones marginales de la lentille de projection sont masquées par un masque de feux.
  5. Projecteur pour véhicule selon la revenication 1, caractérisé en ce que les sections (7,7') ont des profiles de surface sphériques, préférablement ayant le même rayon.
  6. Projecteur pour véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les sections (7, 7') sont placées en s'aboutant, un rebord étant formé préférablement qui est coupé par l'axe optique du projecteur pour véhicule.
  7. Projecteur pour véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la source de lumière (3) est disposée avec son filament incandescent s'étendant essentiellement à angles droits de l'axe optique du projecteur, de préférence au moins dans une projection en parallèle avec le bord limitant l'émission luminaire.
  8. Projecteur pour véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le projecteur pour véhicule est formé avec des zones de réflection aplaties avoisinant une zone de réflection courbée en dessus et en dessous, et en particulier etant un projecteur rectangulaire.
  9. Projecteur pour véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le réflecteur (2) est disposé des gradins (12) à l'extérieur de la zone de sections courbées (7, 7').
  10. Projecteur pour véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le projecteur pour véhicule est formé en tant que projecteur double ayant des sources de lumière indépendantes introduites des côtés opposés du projecteur double.
  11. Projecteur pour véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caracterisé en ce que dans la zone de la source de lumière il y a au moins un bouclier (13) déstiné à éviter une transmission des réflections apparaissant à l'ampoule et/ou à la base de la source de lumière à la lentille de projection (9).
EP86890322A 1985-12-04 1986-11-19 Feux pour véhicule Expired - Lifetime EP0225313B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0352485A AT396675B (de) 1985-12-04 1985-12-04 Fahrzeugleuchte
AT3524/85 1985-12-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225313A2 EP0225313A2 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0225313A3 EP0225313A3 (en) 1989-05-03
EP0225313B1 true EP0225313B1 (fr) 1995-02-08

Family

ID=3551702

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86890322A Expired - Lifetime EP0225313B1 (fr) 1985-12-04 1986-11-19 Feux pour véhicule

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4811174A (fr)
EP (1) EP0225313B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2548150B2 (fr)
AT (2) AT396675B (fr)
DE (1) DE3650229D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2068177T3 (fr)

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FR2498297B1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1985-11-29 Cibie Projecteurs Perfectionnements aux projecteurs de croisement
FR2501333A1 (fr) * 1981-03-09 1982-09-10 Cibie Projecteurs Feu notamment destine a la signalisation sur un vehicule automobile
US4569007A (en) * 1981-10-29 1986-02-04 Ford Motor Company Headlamp
FR2516203B1 (fr) * 1981-11-12 1986-03-14 Cibie Projecteurs Projecteur de vehicule automobile
US4471411A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-09-11 General Motors Corporation Vehicle body taillamp assembly
IT8352827V0 (it) * 1983-01-11 1983-01-11 Fiat Auto Spa Fanale di segnalazione a luce colorata per autoveicoli
JPS59156302U (ja) * 1983-04-07 1984-10-20 市光工業株式会社 自動車用灯具
EP0125353B1 (fr) * 1983-05-10 1989-10-11 Corning Glass Works Projecteur de véhicule automobile avec réflecteur formant optique
FR2566721B1 (fr) * 1984-07-02 1987-01-02 Cibie Projecteurs Procede de fabrication et de reglage, en orientation, d'un projecteur de vehicule automobile; projecteur de vehicule automobile, pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
DE3529546C1 (de) * 1985-08-17 1987-02-05 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Abgeblendeter Fahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einem ellipsoidfoermigen Reflektor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6366801A (ja) 1988-03-25
DE3650229D1 (de) 1995-03-23
ATE118264T1 (de) 1995-02-15
JP2548150B2 (ja) 1996-10-30
ES2068177T3 (es) 1995-04-16
ATA352485A (de) 1987-07-15
AT396675B (de) 1993-11-25
US4811174A (en) 1989-03-07
EP0225313A2 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0225313A3 (en) 1989-05-03

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