EP0224522B1 - Procede de formage de metaux - Google Patents

Procede de formage de metaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224522B1
EP0224522B1 EP86903351A EP86903351A EP0224522B1 EP 0224522 B1 EP0224522 B1 EP 0224522B1 EP 86903351 A EP86903351 A EP 86903351A EP 86903351 A EP86903351 A EP 86903351A EP 0224522 B1 EP0224522 B1 EP 0224522B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
products
oxidation
lubricant
saponification
lubricants
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0224522A1 (fr
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Karl Stetter
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STETTER, KARL
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C10M107/18—Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating

Definitions

  • Metallic molded parts are often produced by non-cutting shaping, whereby the workpiece is given the desired shape without or with preheating due to the action of high external forces.
  • Types of non-cutting metal forming are e.g. wire, bar, tube, profile, deep drawing and ironing, as well as cold extrusion, cold upsetting, civilage, cold and hot rolling or forging.
  • lubricants in non-cutting metal forming to improve results by reducing the friction between the workpiece and the mold.
  • metal forming using conventional lubricants is generally only possible if additional separating or lubricant carrier layers are applied to the workpiece surface before the forming.
  • the application of the separating or lubricant carrier layers generally has to be chemically complex by reaction of mostly certain salt solutions with the workpiece surface with the formation of corresponding coatings on the workpiece surface follow (eg "phosphating", "oxalating").
  • a physical application by letting salt solutions dry on the surface of the workpiece is only sufficient in less difficult cases, although the physical application often gives completely inadequate results.
  • the separating layers also often impair the surface quality of the workpieces and require a great deal of effort to remove them before the workpieces are further processed, and waste water that requires reprocessing also occurs.
  • the effect of the separating or carrier layers in difficult cases of metal forming is often insufficient to achieve acceptable forming results.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a method for the non-cutting forming of metals using a synthetic lubricant, which may be used in conjunction with separating and / or lubricant carrier layers, so that higher degrees of forming and higher forming speeds can be achieved with such methods and Workpieces can be obtained that have higher dimensional accuracy and better surface quality, while longer tool life is achieved.
  • a process for the non-cutting shaping of metals using a synthetic lubricant which is optionally used in conjunction with separating and / or lubricant carrier layers, which is characterized in that the lubricant is selected from the products of Air oxidation of polymers of 1-olefins with acid numbers between 5 and 150 mg KOH / g, melt viscosities between 5 and 100000 mPa s at 160 ° C and melting points above 90 ° C as well
  • the advantages achieved by the invention compared to known methods are, in particular, that higher degrees of forming and higher forming speeds, higher dimensional accuracy and better surface qualities of the workpieces as well as longer tool life are achieved.
  • the reshaping can also be carried out with significantly reduced energy consumption and reduced environmental impact.
  • the application of additional separating or lubricant carrier layers can be simplified or eliminated entirely.
  • the oxidants of polymers of 1-olefins used as lubricants in the process according to the invention are oxidates of homopolymers of C2-C 18 -alkenes with a terminal double bond, preferably the C2-C 12 -alkenes, especially of ethene, propene and 1-butene , 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and 1-octene, and copolymers of these 1-olefins with one another and also from copolymers of these 1-olefins with up to 50, preferably up to 30, in particular up to 20, but above all up to 15% by weight of oxygen-containing 1-olefins.
  • Polymers used in the luff oxidation are, for example, the commercially available polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, etc., as are obtained by known processes, for example by high, medium or low pressure polymerization.
  • Copolymers of 1-olefins contain at least two different 1-olefin building blocks at the same time. These include, for example, polyethylenes with a content of up to 30, preferably up to 20, in particular up to 10,% by weight of other 1-olefins such as propene, 1-butene, etc. Also the copolymers of ethylene which have recently become available under the name LLDPE higher 1-olefins are to be expected here.
  • Copolymers of 1-olefins with oxygen-containing olefins are, for example, copolymers of ethylene with vinyl esters of carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, furthermore with vinyl ethers or 1,2-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid Itaconic acid mesaconic acid or the esters of these acids. It is possible to use low molecular weight wax-like polymers with molecular weights between 200 and 20,000 (melt viscosities approx.
  • the oxidation products of the polymers are understood to mean products which are formed by air oxidation of the polymers. They can be produced by known processes, e.g. from low molecular weight polymers by mixing the polymers in the molten state with air or particularly advantageously from higher molecular weight polymers by treating the polymers at elevated temperatures with air in the solid state or in the molten state, finely divided in an inert dispersion medium. Such a method is described in DE-OS 20 35 706.
  • the oxidates have acid numbers between 5 and 150, preferably between 10 and 70, advantageously between 15 and 50, in particular between 20 and 45 mg KOH / g, and melt viscosities between 5 and 100,000, preferably between 50 and 50,000, advantageously between 100 and 30,000, in particular between 500 and 20,000, especially between 1,000 and 15,000 mPas at 160 ° C.
  • Their melting points are above 90, preferably above 100, in particular above 110, especially above 115 ° C.
  • the melting points of the oxidates of copolymers are rather in the lower of the ranges specified.
  • oxidates with a high content of dicarboxylic acids such as those formed in the oxidation of higher molecular weight polymers (molecular weights> 5000, preferably> 10000) , and oxidates with comparatively high melting points, high melt viscosities, high crystallinities and high polarities have excellent properties as lubricants in metal forming, even in difficult cases.
  • esterification and / or saponification products of the oxidates are obtained by partially or completely esterifying or saponifying or partially esterifying the oxidates with mono- or polyhydric alcohols or with mono- or trihydric metal ions or with ammonium ions, and then partially or esterifying the still free carboxyl groups completely saponified.
  • esterification components monovalent C 1 -C 22 -alkanols, dihydric alcohols such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol or ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol and higher polyalkylene glycols, further higher alcohols such as trimethylol propane or Pentaerythritol, optionally in a mixture with one another.
  • As saponification components are usually Li+, Na+, K+, Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Al 3+ , NH4+ and ammonium ions of organic amines in the form of their hydroxides, Carbonates, acetates, stearates and other salts used, optionally in a mixture with one another.
  • the esterification or saponification is carried out generally in a known manner by stirring the molten oxidates with the esterification or saponification components, if appropriate in the presence of suitable catalysts, to the desired degree of esterification or saponification.
  • Such an ancestor is described in DE-OS 22 01 862.
  • the esterification or saponification can also be carried out by intimately mixing the solid powdered, suspended, dispersed or dissolved oxidates with the solid, suspended, dispersed or dissolved reactants.
  • the resulting product can be used for the process according to the invention in moist, optionally in suspended or dispersed form, or after drying in powder form.
  • the saponification products can be prepared by stirring the oxidation products or the partially pre-esterified oxidation products in the molten state, optionally with the addition of emulsifiers, with the saponification component dissolved or dispersed in water. This results in aqueous solutions or dispersions of the saponification products, which as such can also be used advantageously for the process according to the invention.
  • the saponification products less the esterification products, generally have higher melting points and melt viscosities than the underlying oxidates.
  • the melting points are above 100, preferably above 110, in particular above 120, advantageously above 130, especially above 140 ° C.
  • the melt viscosities above 100 preferably above 500, in particular above 1000, advantageously above 3000, especially above 5000 mPas at 180 ° C.
  • the lower of the ranges specified apply to the esterification products.
  • the esterification and / or saponification products have, in certain respects, further optimized lubrication properties compared to the oxidates due to a specially given combination of comparatively high melting points, high melt viscosities, high crystallinities as well as a special balance between polar and non-polar components.
  • the saponification products in particular have proven to be particularly advantageous, as they form lubricating films with particularly excellent sliding, adhesive and separating properties and increased tear resistance and maintain these properties even under extreme pressure and temperature loads.
  • the esterified and especially the saponified oxidation products are therefore particularly suitable for use as a lubricant in difficult metal forming processes, e.g.
  • tube drawing, profile drawing, wire drawing, vocational travel, rolling, cold extrusion, upsetting or Forging preferably in the case of difficult-to-deform metals such as steels, especially high-alloy steels, also stainless steels, for example acid-proof chrome and chrome-nickel steels.
  • the oxidates or the esterification and / or saponification products can be used for the process according to the invention on their own, in a mixture with one another or in a mixture with other substances as lubricants for the shaping of metals.
  • Other mixture components that can be considered are, for example, mineral oils, vegetable or animal oils, fats, waxes or resins and also fatty acids, fatty alcohols, soaps, synthetic resins or oils, preferably polyalkylene glycols and their derivatives, very low molecular weight polyethylenes or esters.
  • customary additives such as high-pressure active substances (for example chlorine, sulfur or phosphorus-containing substances), pigments and fillers (for example lime, chalk, talc, borax, soda, mica, graphite, molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide, boron nitride, iodine), Glass) emulsifiers, surfactants, wetting agents, thickeners (eg montmorillonite), adhesion improvers, binders, corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants are added to round off the properties.
  • high-pressure active substances for example chlorine, sulfur or phosphorus-containing substances
  • pigments and fillers for example lime, chalk, talc, borax, soda, mica, graphite, molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide, boron nitride, iodine
  • emulsifiers for example lime, chalk, talc, borax, soda, mica, graphite, molybdenum disulphide, tungs
  • the oxidates or the esterification and / or saponification products of the oxidates can be used as lubricants in the form of powders, suspensions, dispersions or solutions for the process according to the invention.
  • the lubricants In powder form, the lubricants have good free-flowing properties which are advantageous for use and which, in contrast to conventional lubricants, are retained even at higher atmospheric humidity.
  • suspensions, dispersions and solutions water, mineral oils, natural or synthetic oils and chlorinated hydrocarbons, optionally in a mixture with one another, preferably serve as suspension, dispersion or solvent.
  • Polyalkylene glycols have proven to be particularly advantageous due to their solution-mediating effect both in the preparation of the lubricants according to the invention and in their removal from the metal surface.
  • the suspensions and dispersions can be prepared with the addition of known ionic or nonionic emulsifiers and wetting agents.
  • the lubricants are applied to the workpieces by known methods, for example by powdering, brushing, dipping, flooding, spraying or in a continuous process, if appropriate at elevated temperatures and while drying the workpiece.
  • the method according to the invention can be used advantageously in all types of non-cutting forming of metals, for example in wire, bar, tube, profile, deep, stretching and ironing, or in cold extrusion, cold upsetting, stamping, reducing, vocational, Rolling, cutting and forging.
  • the process is not limited to the cold forming of metals, but includes the warm and hot forming of metals, e.g. hot rolling, drop forging or extrusion, especially for non-ferrous metals.
  • the advantages of the method of operation according to the invention are particularly evident in the more difficult forming processes, e.g. tube drawing, profile drawing, wire drawing, pipe vocational, rolling, cold extrusion, upsetting or forging.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for the forming of all common metallic materials, e.g. of low-carbon or high-carbon steels, non-alloyed, low-alloyed or high-alloyed steels, stainless steels, galvanized, copper-plated or other metallic-coated steels, non-ferrous metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, zinc, lead, nickel, titanium, zirconium, tungsten and their alloys.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention come into play when shaping metals which are difficult to form, e.g. for austenitic and ferritic steels, especially for high-alloy, especially stainless steels, preferably stainless steels, e.g. acid-resistant chrome or chrome-nickel steels, also for galvanized steels. Because of the excellent lubricating effect of the lubricants used, several successive reshaping operations are generally possible in the method according to the invention without intermediate relubrication.
  • the additional application of a separating or lubricant carrier layer to the workpieces prior to the forming can generally be omitted in the method according to the invention even in difficult forming processes.
  • the lubricants used can also be used in combination with known separating or lubricant carrier layers.
  • additional advantages can be achieved in some cases in the case of particularly difficult metal forming the, for example when pulling complex shaped profiles made of stainless steel or cold extrusion.
  • the simpler physical application of the separating or lubricant carrier layers by allowing appropriate solutions or dispersions to dry on the workpiece surface is sufficient to achieve excellent results.
  • appropriate solutions or dispersions for example liming, boraxing
  • the more complex chemical application of the separating or lubricant carrier layers by chemical reaction of corresponding solutions or dispersions with the workpiece surface brings additional advantages only in extreme cases.
  • the method according to the invention Due to the excellent lubricating effect of the lubricants used, the method according to the invention generally achieves higher degrees of deformation and higher forming speeds, higher dimensional accuracy and better surface qualities of the workpieces, and longer tool life compared to known methods. Cold welding with the associated adverse effects on the workpiece surfaces due to drawing grooves and adverse effects on tool life due to welding do not occur or only to a greatly reduced extent.
  • the method according to the invention further reduces the energy consumption and the amount of waste water.
  • the process according to the invention is also distinguished by the fact that lubricants are used which do not contain any harmful substances and also do not contain any substances such as chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus or boron which adversely affect the properties of the processed materials, for example as a result of discoloration and corrosion the environment is heavily polluted.
  • the lubricants do not have a corrosive effect on metals, but have a protective effect against corrosion.
  • After the shaping they can be removed from the metal surface without residue using conventional means and methods, for example using conventional alkaline, neutral or acidic cleaners or else using organic solvents.
  • a special advantage of the method according to the invention is that the lubricants used can also be removed from the workpiece surface by evaporation without residue by simple vacuum-heat treatment, for example in the preliminary stage of post-heat treatment of the workpiece.
  • Bare steel wire with a carbon content of 0.85% is drawn by using the oxidation products of polymers listed in the following table as lubricants.
  • the lubricants are used in the solid state by running the wire through the powdered lubricant in front of the tool.
  • the wire is reduced in diameter to 1/4 of the original value in 15 passes.
  • the forming results given in the table are achieved.
  • Stainless steel wire is drawn by using aqueous alkaline dispersions from oxidation products of polymers as lubricants.
  • the same oxidation products of polymers as in Examples 1 to 8 are assumed.
  • the oxidation products are first converted into aqueous alkaline dispersions by being in the molten state together with the amounts of potassium calculated according to the acid number hydroxide and together with emulsifiers (5% by weight of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, based on oxidate) can be dispersed in hot water. Dispersions with the properties listed in the following table are obtained.
  • the stainless steel wire (Z 2 CN 18-10) is coated with the lubricant dispersions by immersion and subsequent drying and deformed in 15 passes from the initial diameter of 6.5 mm to the final diameter of 1.2 mm.
  • the forming results given in the table are achieved. The results are consistently much better than those obtained with conventional lubricants under the same conditions. With conventional lubricants, the wire becomes thick and breaks partially.
  • lubricants according to the invention are used with the addition of small amounts of polyalkylene glycols, they can be removed particularly easily from the metal surface after the reshaping.
  • Lubricants are produced by converting the oxidation products of polymers used in Examples 10 to 17 into saponification products.
  • the powdered oxidation products are saponified by mixing with the equivalent amount of potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the test products listed in the following table are obtained.
  • the lubricants from Examples 26 to 33 are dissolved together with 30% by mass of polyethylene glycol, based on the lubricant, in a paraffinic mineral oil with a viscosity of 168 mm2 / s (20 ° C) at a temperature of 130 ° C. In this way, 8 lubricants are obtained in the oil phase, which are used to pull steel pipes of material quality St 35. The following results are achieved:
  • Comparable good results can only be achieved with conventional lubricants if a separating or carrier layer based on zinc phosphate is applied in a complex manner to the tubes before the lubricant is added.
  • the lubricants from Examples 17 to 24 are each suspended in a liquid polyglycol, which is composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units.
  • the lubricants are also distinguished in particular by being easy to remove from the metal surface after the deformation has taken place.
  • a cylindrical steel body of material quality St 35 is converted into a sleeve by cold extrusion.
  • An aqueous dispersion of a polyethylene oxidate with the acid number 26, the saponification number 40, the melting point 118 ° C., the dicarboxylic acid content of 84% and the melt viscosity 1350 mPas at 160 ° C. is used as the lubricant.
  • Forming takes place with a comparatively low stamping force and minimal ejection force and leads to a dimensionally accurate molded part with a high surface quality. If a lubricant carrier layer based on zinc phosphate is applied to the steel body before, only marginally better forming results are achieved.
  • the cold extrusion process can only be carried out if the steel body has previously also been provided with a lubricant carrier layer based on zinc phosphate.
  • a polyethylene oxidate with the acid number 68, the saponification number 99, the dropping point 110 ° C., the dicarboxylic acid content of 93% and the melt viscosity 150 mPas at 140 ° C. is saponified by stirring the oxidate melt with half the equivalent amount of calcium hydroxide.
  • a saponification product with the acid number 32, the saponification number 72, the dropping point 107 ° C. and the melt viscosity 1500 mPas at 140 ° C. is obtained.
  • the saponification product is used in powder form as a lubricant when asymmetrical edges are drawn into a square stainless steel rod. A dimensionally accurate profile with sharp edges and a bright surface is obtained.
  • a polyethylene oxidate with the acid number 68, the saponification number 99, the dropping point 110 ° C., the melt viscosity 150 mPas at 140 ° C. and the molecular weight 1700 is esterified with the corresponding amount of stearyl alcohol to an acid number of 15.
  • a product with the acid number 15, the saponification number 120, the dropping point 104 ° C. and the melt viscosity 250 mPas at 140 ° C. is obtained, which is used in powder form as a lubricant for cold-forming a square rod made of stainless steel into a hexagonal rod by drawing. An end product with excellent dimensional accuracy and high surface quality is obtained.
  • the experiment is repeated with the difference that the polyethylene oxidate is first esterified with the appropriate amount of stearyl alcohol to an acid number of 30 and then saponified with calcium hydroxide to an acid number of 15.
  • a product with an acid number of 15, a saponification number of 105, a dropping point of 108 ° C. and a melt viscosity of 1700 mPas at 140 ° C. is obtained.
  • the product is subsequently used as a lubricant for cold-forming the square rod into the hexagonal rod, compared to the above, even better results are achieved in that the forming can be carried out with reduced effort. Equally good results are achieved if the only esterified lubricant used above is used with the addition of fillers (talc, lime).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de formage de métaux utilisant des polymérisats sous forme d'homo- et de copolymérisats de 1-oléfines, d'oscydants de ces homo- ou copolymérisats, ou bien de produits de saponification ou d'estérification de ces oxydants en tant que lubrifiants. Les polymérisats sont solides et présentent de préférence des points de fusion supérieurs à 100oC et des viscosités de fusion supérieures à 100 mPa.s à 170oC, l'indice d'acide des oxydants étant supérieur à 5. Ces lubrifiants s'utilisent sous forme solide pure ou bien sous forme de compositions dans lesquelles ils sont en mélange avec des additifs et/ou des agents de suspension, des dispersants ou des solvants connus en soi.

Claims (9)

1. Procédé de formage de métaux sans enlèvement de copeaux, en utilisant un agent lubrifiant de synthèse, qui est utilisé éventuellement en liaison avec des couches de séparation et/ou des couches supports de l'agent lubrifiant, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à choisir l'agent lubrifiant parmi les produits de l'oxydation par l'air de polymères de 1-oléfines ayant des indices d'acide compris entre 5 et 150 mg de KOH/g, des viscosités à l'état fondu comprises entre 5 et 100.000 mPa.s à 160°C, ainsi que des points de fusion supérieurs à 90°C, ainsi que des produits d'estérification et de saponification de ces produits d'oxydation, ainsi que des mélanges desdites substances, cet agent lubrifiant étant utilisé sous forme pure ou en mélange à d'autres constituants de mélange, en soi connus, d'agents lubrifiants.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les produits de l'oxydation par l'air sont les produits d'oxydation de polymères choisis parmi :
- les homopolymères d'alcènes ayant de 2 à 18 atomes de carbone et à double liaison en fin de chaîne, de préférence d'alcènes ayant de 2 à 12 atomes de carbone et, notamment, d'éthène, de propène, de 1 -butène, de 3 -méthyl­1-butène, de 1-pentène, de 1-hexène et de 1-octène,
- des copolymères de 1-oléfines de ce genre entre elles et
- des copolymères de 1-oléfines de ce genre et de jusqu'à 50 % en poids de 1-o1éfines oxygénées.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les polymères utilisés pour la préparation des produits oxydés sont des hauts polymères ayant des masses moléculaires supérieures à 5000 et, de préférence, supérieures à 10.000.
4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les produits d'oxydation ont des indices d'acide compris entre 10 et 70 mg de KOH/g, des viscosités à l'état fondu comprises entre 50 et 50.000 mPa.s à 160°C, des points de fusion supérieurs à 100°C, ainsi qu'une teneur en acide dicarboxylique supérieure à 10% en poids.
5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les produits d'estérification des produits d'oxydation sont estérifiés par un monoalcool ou par un polyalcool, et les produits de saponification sont des produits de saponification par des ions métalliques monovalents à trivalents ou par des ions ammonium.
6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à préparer les produits d'estérification et de saponification sous forme solide, en suspension, sous forme dispersée ou sous forme dissoute, en mélangeant les produits d'oxydation solides à l'état pulvérulent, en suspension, dispersés ou dissous, aux agents d'estérification ou de saponification solides, en suspension, dispersés ou dissous, et à les utiliser sous forme solide, en suspension, sous forme dispersée ou sous forme dissoute.
7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les produits d'estérification et de saponification ont des points de fusion supérieurs à 100°C, ainsi que des viscosités à l'état fondu à 180°C supérieures à 100 mPa.s.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser l'agent lubrifiant en mélange avec des constituants de mélange, choisis parmi le groupe constitué des huiles minérales, des huiles végétales ou animales, des graisses, des fibres ou des résines, des acides gras, des alcools gras, des savons, des résines synthétiques ou des huiles synthétiques, des polyalcoylèneglycols ou de leurs dérivés, des substances actives sous haute pression, des pigments, des charges, des émulsionnants, des agents tensio-actifs, des agents mouillants, des agents épaississants, des agents améliorant le collage, des agents liants, des agents de protection vis-à-vis de la corrosion et des agents anti-oxydants, ainsi que des mélanges de deux ou plusieurs de ces constituants de mélange.
9. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser l'agent lubrifiant en mélange avec un agent de mise en suspension, un agent de mise en dispersion ou un solvant, choisi parmi le groupe constitué de l'eau, des huiles minérales, des huiles naturelles ou synthétiques, des polyalcoylèneglycols ou des hydrocarbures chlorés, ainsi que des mélanges de deux ou plusieurs de ces agents.
EP86903351A 1985-05-28 1986-05-27 Procede de formage de metaux Expired - Lifetime EP0224522B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903351T ATE61063T1 (de) 1985-05-28 1986-05-27 Verfahren zur spanlosen umformung von metallen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853519078 DE3519078A1 (de) 1985-05-28 1985-05-28 Verfahren zur kaltumformung metallischer werkstuecke
DE3519078 1985-05-28

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EP0224522A1 EP0224522A1 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0224522B1 true EP0224522B1 (fr) 1991-02-27

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US (1) US4800033A (fr)
EP (1) EP0224522B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62503038A (fr)
DE (2) DE3519078A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007087A1 (fr)

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JP2736366B2 (ja) * 1988-11-11 1998-04-02 三井化学株式会社 水性エマルジョン
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DE19532691C2 (de) * 1995-09-05 1999-09-02 Poly Clip System Gmbh & Co Kg Lackbeschichtete Verschlußklammer
US5801128A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-09-01 International Refining And Manufacturing Company Hot melt lubricant and method of application
DE19810031A1 (de) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-16 Acheson Ind Inc Wasserfreie Trenn/Schmiermittel zur Behandlung der Wände einer Form zur Urformung oder Umformung
JP2006131726A (ja) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-25 Daido Chem Ind Co Ltd マグネシウム及び（又は）マグネシウム合金の温間及び熱間加工用潤滑剤組成物
JP5285218B2 (ja) * 2006-12-28 2013-09-11 出光興産株式会社 金属加工用潤滑油組成物
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3677723D1 (de) 1991-04-04
JPS62503038A (ja) 1987-12-03
WO1986007087A1 (fr) 1986-12-04
US4800033A (en) 1989-01-24
EP0224522A1 (fr) 1987-06-10
DE3519078A1 (de) 1986-12-04

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