EP0224522A1 - Procede de formage de metaux. - Google Patents

Procede de formage de metaux.

Info

Publication number
EP0224522A1
EP0224522A1 EP19860903351 EP86903351A EP0224522A1 EP 0224522 A1 EP0224522 A1 EP 0224522A1 EP 19860903351 EP19860903351 EP 19860903351 EP 86903351 A EP86903351 A EP 86903351A EP 0224522 A1 EP0224522 A1 EP 0224522A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
products
lubricant
mpa
polymers
saponification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19860903351
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0224522B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Stetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STETTER, KARL
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86903351T priority Critical patent/ATE61063T1/de
Publication of EP0224522A1 publication Critical patent/EP0224522A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0224522B1 publication Critical patent/EP0224522B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C10M107/18—Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating

Definitions

  • Metallic molded parts are often produced by non-cutting shaping, the workpiece being given the desired shape without or with preheating by the action of high external forces.
  • Types of non-cutting metal forming are e.g. wire, bar, tube, profile, deep drawing and ironing, as well as cold extrusion, cold upsetting, civilage, cold and hot rolling or forging.
  • lubricants in non-cutting metal forming to improve results by reducing the friction between the workpiece and the mold.
  • the separating layers also often impair the surface quality of the workpieces and require a great deal of effort to remove them before the workpieces are further processed, and wastewater that requires reprocessing also occurs.
  • the effect of the separating or carrier layers in difficult cases of metal forming is often insufficient to achieve acceptable forming results.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify the process and improve the results in the non-cutting forming of metals.
  • the metal shaping is carried out using a lubricant which is optionally used in conjunction with separating and / or lubricant carrier layers, characterized in that the lubricant is selected from a group consisting of Polymers of 1-olefins, oxidation products of such polymers as well as esterification and saponification products of the oxidation products mentioned and mixtures of the substances mentioned, this lubricant being used in pure form or in a mixture with other, known mixture components of lubricants.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention compared to known methods consist in particular in that higher degrees of deformation and higher rates of deformation, higher dimensional accuracy and better surface quality of the workpieces as well as longer tool life are achieved.
  • the reshaping can also be carried out with significantly reduced energy expenditure and reduced environmental impact.
  • the application of additional separating or lubricant carrier layers can be simplified or eliminated entirely.
  • polymers of 1-olefins used as lubricants in the process according to the invention are homopolymers of C 1 -C 4.
  • Polymers are, for example, the commercially available polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, etc., as are obtained by known processes, for example by high, medium or low pressure polymerization.
  • Copolymers of 1-olefins contain at least two different 1-olefin building blocks at the same time. These include, for example, polyethylenes with a content of up to 30, preferably up to 20, in particular up to 10% by weight of other 1-olefins such as propene, 1-butene, etc. Also the copolymers which have recently become available under the name LLDPE of ethylene with higher 1-olefins are to be expected here.
  • Copolymers of 1-olefins with oxygen-containing olefins are, for example, copolymers of ethylene with vinyl esters of carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, and also with vinyl ethers or 1,2-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid , Fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid or the esters of these acids.
  • the polymers used are not subject to any restrictions with regard to their structure and molecular size. For example, polymers with high or low degrees of branching can be used.
  • the more low molecular weight polymers with molecular weights between 200 and 100,000, preferably between 500 and 30,000, advantageously between 800 and 20,000, in particular between 1000 and 15,000, but especially between 3,000 and 10,000, are particularly suitable at the same time high melting points (> 100, preferably M IO, especially> 115, especially> 120 ° C), high melt viscosities (> 100, preferably> 500, especially> 1000, especially M0000 mPa s at 170 ° C), and high Crystallinities (> 10, preferably> 30, in particular> 0, especially> 50%) have excellent lubricating properties for the shaping of metals, in particular, for example, during deep drawing or ironing.
  • Copolymers which are also composed of oxygen-containing monomer building blocks are hardly crystalline and have lower melting points, but they have even more due to the polarity given by you - H - "
  • Oxidation products of the polymers are to be understood to mean products which are generally formed by air oxidation of the polymers. They can be produced by known processes, e.g. from low molecular weight polymers by mixing the polymers in the molten state with air or particularly advantageously from higher molecular weight polymers by treating the polymers at elevated temperatures with air in the solid state or in the molten state, finely divided in an inert dispersion medium.
  • the oxidates have acid numbers between 5 and 150, preferably between 10 and 70, advantageously between 15 and 50, in particular between.
  • melt viscosities between 5 and 100,000, preferably between 50 and 50,000, advantageously between 100 and 30,000, in particular between 500 and 20,000, especially between 1,000 and 15,000 mPa s at 160 ° C.
  • Their melting points are above 90, preferably above 100, in particular above 110, especially above 115 ° C.
  • the melting points of the oxidates of copolymers are rather in the lower of the ranges given.
  • oxidates with a high content of dicarboxylic acids (> 10, preferably> 20, advantageously> 0, in particular> 60, in particular> 80% by weight), such as those formed during the oxidation of higher molecular weight polymers (molecular weights> 5000, preferably M0000), and oxidates with comparatively high melting points, high melt viscosities, high crystallinity and high polarities have excellent properties as lubricants in metal forming even in difficult cases.
  • esterification and / or saponification products of the oxidates are obtained by partially or completely esterifying or saponifying or oxidizing the oxidates with mono- or polyhydric alcohols or with mono- to trivalent metal ions or with ammonium ions and then partially esterifying and then the free or partially saponified free carboxyl groups.
  • esterification components monohydric C 1 -C 22 -alkanols, dihydric alcohols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1-butanediol or ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol and higher polyalkylene glycols, and also higher-quality ones Alcohols such as trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol, optionally in a mixture with one another.
  • Li + , Na, K, Mg, Ca + , Ba + , Zn + , Pb + , Al + , NH are generally used as saponification components.
  • esterification or saponification is carried out generally in a known manner by stirring the molten oxides with the esterification or saponification components, if appropriate in the presence of suitable catalysts, to the desired degree of esterification or saponification.
  • the esterification or saponification can also be carried out by intimately mixing the solid powdered, suspended, dispersed or dissolved oxidates with the solid, suspended, dispersed or dissolved reaction partners.
  • the product formed can be used for the process according to the invention in moist, optionally in suspended or dispersed form, or after drying in powder form.
  • the saponification products can be prepared by stirring the oxidation products or the partially pre-esterified oxidation products in the molten state, optionally with the addition of emulsifiers, with the saponification component dissolved or dispersed in water. This gives rise to aqueous solutions or dispersions of the saponification products which, as such, can also be used advantageously for the process according to the invention.
  • the saponification products less the esterification products, generally have higher melting points and melt viscosities than the underlying oxidates.
  • the melting points are above 100, preferably above 110, in particular above 120, advantageously above 130, especially above 10 ° C.
  • the melt viscosities above 100 preferably above 500, in particular above 1000, advantageously above 3000, especially over 5000 mPa s at 180 ° C.
  • the lower ranges specified apply to the esterification products.
  • the esterification and / or saponification products have, in certain respects, further optimized lubrication properties compared to the oxidates due to a specially given combination of comparatively high melting points, high melt viscosities, high crystallinities as well as a special balance between polar and non-polar fractions.
  • the saponification products in particular have proven to be particularly advantageous, as they form lubricating films with particularly excellent sliding, adhesive and separating properties, as well as increased tear resistance, and maintain these properties even under extreme pressure and temperature loads.
  • esterified and especially the saponified oxidation products are therefore particularly suitable for use as a lubricant in difficult metal forming operations, for example in tube drawing, profile drawing, wire drawing, vocationalage, rolling, cold extrusion, upsetting or Forging, preferably in the case of difficult-to-deform metals such as steels, especially high-alloy steels, also stainless steels, for example acid-proof chrome and chrome-nickel steels.
  • the polymers, their oxidates or the esterification and / or saponification products of the oxidates can be used for the process according to the invention alone, in a mixture with one another or in a mixture with other substances as lubricants for the shaping of metals.
  • Other mixture components which may be used are, for example, mineral oils, vegetable or animal oils, fats, waxes or resins and also fatty acids, fatty alcohols, beefs, synthetic resins or oils, preferably polyalkylene glycols and their derivatives, very low molecular weight polyethylenes or esters.
  • customary additives such as high-pressure agents (for example chlorine-, sulfur- or phosphorus-containing substances), pigments and fillers (for example lime, chalk, talc, borax, soda, mica, graphite, molybdenum disulfide) can be added to the lubricants in the process according to the invention.
  • high-pressure agents for example chlorine-, sulfur- or phosphorus-containing substances
  • pigments and fillers for example lime, chalk, talc, borax, soda, mica, graphite, molybdenum disulfide
  • emulsifiers for example surfactants, wetting agents, thickeners (eg montmorillonite), adhesion improvers, binders, corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants are added to round off the properties.
  • the polymers, their oxidates or the esterification and / or saponification products of the oxidates can be used for the process according to the invention as lubricants in the form of powders, suspensions, dispersions or solutions.
  • the lubricants In powder form, the lubricants have good free-flowing properties which are advantageous for use and which, in contrast to conventional lubricants, are retained even at higher atmospheric humidity.
  • water, mineral oils, natural or synthetic oils and chlorinated hydrocarbons are preferably used, if appropriate in a mixture with one another, as suspension, dispersion or solvent.
  • Polyalkylene glycols have proven to be particularly advantageous due to their solution-mediating action both in the preparation of the lubricants according to the invention and in their removal from the metal surface.
  • the suspensions and dispersions can be prepared with the addition of known ionic or nonionic emulsifiers and wetting agents.
  • the lubricants are applied to the workpieces by known methods, for example by powdering, brushing, dipping, flooding, spraying or in a continuous process, if appropriate at elevated temperatures and while drying the workpiece.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be used in all types of non-cutting shaping of metals, for example in wire, bar, tube, profile, deep, stretching and ironing, or in cold extrusion, cold upsetting, stamping, reducing, Pilgrimage, rolling, cutting and forging.
  • the method is not limited to the cold forming of metals, but includes the warm and hot forming of metals, for example hot rolling, die forging or extrusion, in particular also for non-ferrous metals.
  • the advantages of the method of operation according to the invention are particularly evident in the more difficult forming processes, for example in tube drawing, profile drawing, wire drawing, tube vocationalage, rolling, cold extrusion, upsetting or forging.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for the forming of all common metallic materials, e.g. of low-carbon or high-carbon steels, non-alloyed, low-alloyed or high-alloyed steels, stainless steels, galvanized, copper-plated or other metallic coated steels, non-ferrous metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, zinc, lead, nickel, titanium, Zircon, tungsten and their alloys.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention come into play when shaping metals which are difficult to form, e.g. for austenitic and ferritic steels, especially for high-alloy, especially stainless steels, preferably stainless steels, e.g.
  • the additional application of a separating or lubricant carrier layer to the workpieces prior to the forming can generally be omitted in the process according to the invention even in the case of difficult forming processes.
  • the lubricants used can also be used in combination with known separating or lubricant carrier layers.
  • additional advantages can be achieved in some cases in the case of particularly difficult metal forming the, for example, when drawing complex shaped profiles from high-grade steel or during cold extrusion.
  • the simpler physical application of the separating or lubricant carrier layers by allowing appropriate solutions or dispersions to dry on the workpiece surface is sufficient to achieve excellent results.
  • appropriate solutions or dispersions for example liming, boraxing
  • the more complex chemical application of the separating or lubricant carrier layers by chemical reaction of corresponding solutions or dispersions with the workpiece surface brings additional advantages only in extreme cases.
  • the method according to the invention generally achieves higher degrees of deformation and higher forming speeds, higher dimensional accuracies and better surface qualities of the workpieces and longer tool life compared to known methods. Cold welding with the associated impairment of the workpiece surfaces by drawing grooves and impairment of the tool life by welding do not occur or only to a greatly reduced extent.
  • the method according to the invention further reduces the energy consumption and the amount of waste water.
  • the process according to the invention is also distinguished by the fact that lubricants are used which do not contain any substances which are harmful to health and which do not contain any substances such as chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus or boron, by virtue of which the properties of the processed materials, for example as a result of discoloration and corrosion , are adversely affected and the environment is heavily polluted.
  • the lubricants do not have a corrosive effect on metals, but have a protective effect against corrosion.
  • After the shaping they can be removed from the metal surface without residue, using conventional means and methods, for example by means of conventional alkaline, neutral or acidic cleaners or else by means of organic solvents.
  • a special advantage of the method according to the invention is also that the lubricants used can also be removed from the workpiece surface by evaporation without residue by simple vacuum heat treatment, for example in the preliminary stage of post-heat treatment of the workpiece. Examples 1 to 9
  • Cups are produced from stainless steel sheet using the deep-drawing process, using the polymers listed in the following table as lubricants.
  • the polymers are dissolved in xylene and applied with a brush to the sheet in a thin layer. After the solvent has evaporated, cups are drawn from the metal sheets. Bowls with high dimensional accuracy and high surface quality (low roughness, high gloss and light color) are obtained, examples 3, 8 and 9 leading to the relatively best results. When conventional high-pressure agents are added, further improved results are obtained.
  • Bare steel wire with a carbon content of 0.85% is drawn by using the oxidation products of polymers listed in the following table as lubricants.
  • Mp melting point
  • SZ acid number
  • VZ saponification number
  • SV melt viscosity (mPas at 140 ° C)
  • the lubricants are used in the solid state by running the wire through the powdered lubricant in front of the tool.
  • the wire is reduced in diameter to 1/4 of the original value in 15 passes.
  • the forming results given in the table are achieved.
  • Stainless steel wire is drawn by using aqueous alkaline dispersions from oxidation products of polymers as lubricants.
  • the same oxidation products of polymers as in Examples 10 to 17 are assumed.
  • the oxidation products are first converted into aqueous alkaline dispersions by, in the molten state, together with the amounts of potassium, calculated according to the acid number.
  • hydroxide and together with emulsifiers (5% by weight ethoxylated fatty alcohol, based on oxidate) are dispersed in hot water. Dispersions with the properties listed in the following table are obtained.
  • the stainless steel wire (Z 2 CN 18-10) is coated with the lubricant dispersions by immersion and subsequent drying, and deformed in 15 passes from the initial diameter of 6.5 mm to the final diameter of 1.2 mm.
  • the forming results given in the table are achieved. The results are consistently significantly better than those obtained under the same conditions with conventional lubricants. With conventional lubricants, the wire becomes scarred and partially breaks.
  • lubricants according to the invention are used with the addition of small amounts of polyalkylene glycols, they can be removed particularly easily from the metal surface after the reshaping. Examples 26 to 33
  • Lubricants are produced by converting the oxidation products of polymers used in Examples 10 to 17 into saponification products.
  • the pulverized oxidation products are saponified by mixing with the equivalent amount of potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the test products listed in the following table are obtained.
  • Comparable good results can only be achieved with conventional lubricants if a separating or carrier layer based on zinc phosphate is applied to the pipes in a complex manner before the lubricant is added.
  • the lubricants from Examples 26 to 33 are each suspended in a liquid polyglycol which is composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units.
  • the lubricants are also distinguished in particular by being easy to remove from the metal surface after the forming has taken place. _ _
  • a cylindrical steel body of material quality St 35 is converted into a sleeve by cold extrusion.
  • An aqueous dispersion of a polyethylene oxidate with an acid number of 26, a saponification number of 40, a melting point of 118 ° C., a dicarboxylic acid content of 84% and a melt viscosity of 1350 mPas at 160 ° C. is used as the lubricant.
  • the forming takes place with a comparatively low stamping force and minimal ejection force and leads to a dimensionally accurate molded part with a high surface quality. If a lubricant carrier layer based on zinc phosphate is applied to the steel body before the lubricant is added, only slightly better forming results are achieved.
  • Example 51 A polyethylene oxidate with the acid number 68, the saponification number 99, the dropping point 110 ° C., the dicarboxylic acid content of 93% and the melt viscosity 150 mPas at 140 ° C. is saponified by stirring the oxidate melt with half the equivalent amount of calcium hydroxide.
  • a saponification product with an acid number of 32, a saponification number of 72, a dropping point of 107 ° C. and a melt viscosity of 1500 mPa ⁇ s at 140 ° C. is obtained.
  • the saponification product is used in powder form as a lubricant when pulling asymmetrical edges into a square stainless steel rod. A dimensionally accurate profile with sharp edges and a bright surface is obtained.
  • a polyethylene oxidate with the acid number 68, the saponification number 99, the dropping point 110 ° C., the melt viscosity 150 mPa s at 140 ° C. and the molecular weight 1700 is esterified with the corresponding amount of stearyl alcohol to an acid number of 15.
  • a product is obtained with the acid number 15, the saponification number 120, the dropping point 104 ° C. and the melt viscosity 250 mPa s at 140 ° C., which is used in powder form as a lubricant for cold-forming a square rod made of stainless steel into a hexagonal rod by drawing. An end product with excellent dimensional accuracy and high surface quality is obtained.
  • the experiment is repeated with the difference that the polyethylene oxidate is first esterified with the appropriate amount of stearyl alcohol to an acid number of 30 and then saponified with calcium hydroxide to an acid number of 15.
  • a product with an acid number of 15, a saponification number of 105, a dropping point of 108 ° C. and a melt viscosity of 1700 mPas at 140 ° C. is obtained.
  • the esterified lubricant used above is used with the addition of fillers (talc, lime).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de formage de métaux utilisant des polymérisats sous forme d'homo- et de copolymérisats de 1-oléfines, d'oscydants de ces homo- ou copolymérisats, ou bien de produits de saponification ou d'estérification de ces oxydants en tant que lubrifiants. Les polymérisats sont solides et présentent de préférence des points de fusion supérieurs à 100oC et des viscosités de fusion supérieures à 100 mPa.s à 170oC, l'indice d'acide des oxydants étant supérieur à 5. Ces lubrifiants s'utilisent sous forme solide pure ou bien sous forme de compositions dans lesquelles ils sont en mélange avec des additifs et/ou des agents de suspension, des dispersants ou des solvants connus en soi.
EP86903351A 1985-05-28 1986-05-27 Procede de formage de metaux Expired - Lifetime EP0224522B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903351T ATE61063T1 (de) 1985-05-28 1986-05-27 Verfahren zur spanlosen umformung von metallen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3519078 1985-05-28
DE19853519078 DE3519078A1 (de) 1985-05-28 1985-05-28 Verfahren zur kaltumformung metallischer werkstuecke

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224522A1 true EP0224522A1 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0224522B1 EP0224522B1 (fr) 1991-02-27

Family

ID=6271804

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86903351A Expired - Lifetime EP0224522B1 (fr) 1985-05-28 1986-05-27 Procede de formage de metaux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4800033A (fr)
EP (1) EP0224522B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62503038A (fr)
DE (2) DE3519078A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007087A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3640023A1 (de) * 1986-11-24 1988-05-26 Karl Prof Dr Stetter Verfahren zur spangebenden metallbearbeitung und schmiermittelzusammensetzungen fuer dieses verfahren
JP2736366B2 (ja) * 1988-11-11 1998-04-02 三井化学株式会社 水性エマルジョン
US5141659A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-08-25 Sumico Lubricant Co., Ltd. Lubricating agent for use in warm and hot forging
IL107927A0 (en) 1992-12-17 1994-04-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil soluble ethylene/1-butene copolymers and lubricating oils containing the same
BR9507630A (pt) * 1994-05-13 1997-09-23 Henkel Corp Composição liquida aquosa adequada para revestir protetoramente um substrato metálico processo de trabalho a frio de um objeto metálico e composição inibidora concentrada
DE19532691C2 (de) * 1995-09-05 1999-09-02 Poly Clip System Gmbh & Co Kg Lackbeschichtete Verschlußklammer
US5801128A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-09-01 International Refining And Manufacturing Company Hot melt lubricant and method of application
DE19810031A1 (de) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-16 Acheson Ind Inc Wasserfreie Trenn/Schmiermittel zur Behandlung der Wände einer Form zur Urformung oder Umformung
JP2006131726A (ja) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-25 Daido Chem Ind Co Ltd マグネシウム及び（又は）マグネシウム合金の温間及び熱間加工用潤滑剤組成物
JP5285218B2 (ja) * 2006-12-28 2013-09-11 出光興産株式会社 金属加工用潤滑油組成物
US20200377274A1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2020-12-03 Jfe Steel Corporation Resin-coated metal sheet for container
WO2019116706A1 (fr) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-20 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Plaque métallique revêtue de résine pour récipients

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3000825A (en) * 1958-12-23 1961-09-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing metal salts of oxonated polymers
NL272925A (fr) * 1960-12-29
US3250103A (en) * 1964-01-30 1966-05-10 Shell Oil Co Metal working process
FR1426791A (fr) * 1964-03-27 1966-01-28 Standard Oil Co Lubrifiant pour le travail de métaux, et procédés pour son utilisation
JPS51257B2 (fr) * 1971-08-19 1976-01-06
US3756954A (en) * 1971-09-16 1973-09-04 Lubrizol Corp Rs for lubricants degraded ethylene propylene interpolymers useful as viscosity modifie
BE794057A (fr) * 1972-01-15 1973-07-16 Hoechst Ag Procede de preparation de produits de reaction cireux de polyethylenes oxydes
CA1046047A (fr) * 1973-04-27 1979-01-09 Edward F. Leary Methode d'amelioration du coefficient d'adherence des huiles de refroidissement pour le travail des metaux aux surfaces metalliques
GB1507823A (en) * 1973-12-17 1978-04-19 Lee & Sons Ltd A Wire drawing
GB1438215A (en) * 1974-05-08 1976-06-03 Lonz Ltd High temperature lubricant
DE2704175A1 (de) * 1977-02-02 1978-08-10 Metallgesellschaft Ag Schmierstoff fuer die formgebung von metallen
US4372863A (en) * 1977-04-13 1983-02-08 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Oil compositions containing oil-soluble, oxidatively and mechanically degraded ethylene copolymers
JPS5946555B2 (ja) * 1977-08-30 1984-11-13 出光興産株式会社 絞り加工用潤滑油
DE2909517A1 (de) * 1979-03-10 1980-09-18 Bayer Ag Metallbearbeitungs-schmieroele
EP0028384B1 (fr) * 1979-11-02 1984-02-22 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Produits d'oxydation de copolymères d'éthylène et leur utilisation
WO1982001372A1 (fr) * 1980-10-21 1982-04-29 Crawford John Procede de cisaillement oxydatif d'un polymere olefinique
DE3047915A1 (de) * 1980-12-19 1982-07-15 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herstellung heller, harter, sauerstoffhaltiger waschprodukte sowie die nach diesem verfahren enthaltenen substanzen
US4455244A (en) * 1982-06-07 1984-06-19 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Oxidized mannich condensation product
DE3227102C2 (de) * 1982-07-20 1987-03-05 Special'noe konstruktorsko-technologičeskoe bjuro analitičeskogo priborostroenija, Gomel' Schmiermittel für das Kaltverformen von Metallen
JPS59227985A (ja) * 1983-06-10 1984-12-21 Kao Corp 金属加工油組成物

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8607087A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62503038A (ja) 1987-12-03
EP0224522B1 (fr) 1991-02-27
DE3519078A1 (de) 1986-12-04
US4800033A (en) 1989-01-24
WO1986007087A1 (fr) 1986-12-04
DE3677723D1 (de) 1991-04-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2238227B1 (fr) Procédé d'enduction de surfaces métalliques avec une couche de phosphate puis avec une couche de lubrifiant polymère
EP2247701B1 (fr) Procédé d'enduction de surfaces métalliques avec une composition de lubrifiant contenant des cires
DE69930628T2 (de) Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur beschichtung von metallen mit schmierkunststoffen
US7879772B2 (en) Process for cold plastic working of metallic materials
EP2238228B1 (fr) Procédé d'enduction de surfaces métalliques avec une composition de lubrifiant
EP0718396B1 (fr) Lubrifiant pour la déformation des métaux
EP0224522B1 (fr) Procede de formage de metaux
US7414012B2 (en) Aqueous lubricant for plastic working of metallic material and method for forming lubricant film
US20030130137A1 (en) Aqueous lubricant for plactic working of metallic material and method of lubricant film processing
DE936107C (de) OElemulsion fuer die Metallbearbeitung
EP0227360B1 (fr) Composition lubrifiante et procédé d'application
EP0251192B1 (fr) Lubrifiant pour la formation de métaux
DE1627741B2 (de) Auf umzuformende Stahlbleche auf gebrachte Feststoffschmiermittelschicht und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP1038933A1 (fr) Composition de revetement et feuilles metalliques lubrifiees
EP0143964A2 (fr) Procédé pour facilter la déformation à froid
DE68910059T2 (de) Verwendung von Schmiermittel zum Herstellen von nahtlosen Stahlrohren.
DE69415416T2 (de) Ölzusammensetzung zur Metallbearbeitung
EP0200167B1 (fr) Procédé pour faciliter la formation à froid
EP0334977B1 (fr) Lubrifiant pour la déformation des métaux
DE3880084T2 (de) Verfahren zur schmierung der oberflaeche metallischer werkstoffe aus kupfer oder eisen- und kupferlegierungen waehrendder kalt- oder warmumformung und mittel, um diese schmierung auszufuehren.
DE2748319A1 (de) Verfahren zum schmieren eines metallischen werkstoffs fuer dessen bearbeitung und schmiermittel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3640023A1 (de) Verfahren zur spangebenden metallbearbeitung und schmiermittelzusammensetzungen fuer dieses verfahren
JPH02117993A (ja) Ｄｉ缶用加工油組成物
CA3168965A1 (fr) Procede de pretraitement en une etape de substrats metalliques pour formage a froid de metal
DE19500267A1 (de) Verfahren zur Kaltumformung von Aluminiumronden

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870123

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19881214

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: STETTER, KARL

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19910227

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19910227

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19910227

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19910227

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19910227

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 61063

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19910315

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3677723

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910404

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19910527

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19910531

ET Fr: translation filed
NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19920401

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19920522

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19920618

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19930531

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19930531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19940131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19940201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST