EP0087425A1 - Sonde de mesure pour debitmetres magnetiques inductifs - Google Patents

Sonde de mesure pour debitmetres magnetiques inductifs

Info

Publication number
EP0087425A1
EP0087425A1 EP82901507A EP82901507A EP0087425A1 EP 0087425 A1 EP0087425 A1 EP 0087425A1 EP 82901507 A EP82901507 A EP 82901507A EP 82901507 A EP82901507 A EP 82901507A EP 0087425 A1 EP0087425 A1 EP 0087425A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring tube
measuring
tube
ceramic
sintered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82901507A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kristian Rademacher-Dubbick
Franz Bittner
Boudewijn Jozef Poortman
Abram Klaas Roskam
Udo Stevens
Wouter Teunis Tromp
Walter Dr.Rer.Nat. Beisler
Siegfried Bock
Hermann Bertsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheometron AG
Original Assignee
Rheometron AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8188168&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0087425(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Rheometron AG filed Critical Rheometron AG
Publication of EP0087425A1 publication Critical patent/EP0087425A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/588—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters combined constructions of electrodes, coils or magnetic circuits, accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G01F1/584—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters constructions of electrodes, accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
    • Y10T29/49163—Manufacturing circuit on or in base with sintering of base

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transducer for magnetic-inductive flowmeters, " consisting of a ceramic measuring tube, which is arranged in a steel housing and on two diametrically opposite sides with measuring electrodes which lead radially through the jacket of the measuring tube and are fastened to the latter, and
  • the invention is also concerned with a method for fastening measuring electrodes and other current-carrying components to the ceramic measuring tube of such a measuring valve.
  • a component of magnetic-inductive flowmeters is a tubular measuring sensor which is fastened between the connecting flanges of a drilling line and through which a conductive liquid flows transversely to the direction of a magnetic field.
  • the voltage which is proportional to the flow velocity, is tapped at two measuring electrodes and fed to a transducer via current conductors.
  • the measuring tube of the transducer consists of a metal tube provided on the inner jacket with an insulating layer or of a plastic tube.
  • a transducer with a ceramic measuring tube has become known, which can be clamped between two flanges of a pipeline with the interposition of sealing rings.
  • the electrodes on the glazed inner jacket are burned on and provided with lead wires which lead through radial bores.
  • the flanges are provided with an encircling shoulder, against which a sheet metal casing which is folded over from the outside lies.
  • this embodiment has the disadvantage that the Radial bores in the ceramic measuring tube form weak zones which lead to cracks and destruction of the body when liquids under high pressure flow through them.
  • the sealing of the measuring electrodes on the glazed inner jacket does not guarantee complete sealing.
  • the glaze applied to the ceramic body will often crack due to different thermal expansions and tensions, so that the liquid under high pressure can penetrate through the pores of the body to the outside.
  • the ceramic measuring tube of the transducer is extremely sensitive to the effects of impact and shock and can only absorb tensile stresses to a small extent. Such ceramic masses also do not have good resistance to temperature changes, such as can occur in connection with hot liquids to be measured.
  • the sensor according to DE-A1-2330593 is therefore not suitable for high-pressure and aggressive and hot liquids.
  • a transducer is known in which a measuring electrodes receiving measuring tube made of plastic or Ke 'Ramik is formed axially into a rohrför strength steel casing and the magnetic coil from the outside in radial leading through the housing Recesses are introduced and protrude into blind holes in the measuring tube. The measuring electrodes are inserted into the side bores of the measuring tube and kittet.
  • this embodiment is practically only suitable for plastic measuring tubes, but not for ceramic ones.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a transducer of the generic type with a particularly dense and " resistant ceramic measuring tube, which is also suitable for high pressure, aggressive and hot liquids, and a significantly improved mechanical strength auf ⁇
  • This task of the invention includes the development of a particularly suitable method for producing such a ceramic measuring tube.
  • the measuring tube designed according to the invention first of all benefits from the shape-specific producibility and all favorable material properties of the oxide ceramic, such as high shear tightness, higher flexural strength and tensile strength and the reworkability of the fired shard.
  • the sintered-in shafts of the electrodes not only guarantee a complete seal in the area of the electrode leadthroughs, but also weakened areas caused by bores or the like are excluded, so that the ceramic measuring tube has a significantly higher mechanical strength points. Because of the high mechanical strength, a sheathing made of metallic material which increases the compressive and bending strength is also not available.
  • the densely fired oxide ceramic has such a high level of body tightness that the body does not absorb any liquid.
  • oxide ceramics are resistant to many chemically aggressive liquids, so that the transducer produced therefrom has a considerably larger area of application. Even hot liquids with temperatures above 300 C can be measured with the new sensor. The surface roughness of the measuring tube further allows the attachment of thin electrical conductor tracks to form earth rings and / or electrode leads.
  • Oxide ceramic is an essentially silica-free material which is produced from oxides and oxide compounds by ceramic processes. These include above all aluminum oxide, but also oxides of beryllium, magnesium, zirconium, thorium, oxide compounds such as magnesium aluminum oxide and the like. Like. However, all other ceramic materials with the same or similar properties are also suitable in the sense of the invention, even if they do not directly belong to the group of oxide ceramics.
  • the powdered raw materials of the oxide ceramic are shaped by compaction, for example by stamp pressing or isostatic pressing, and then sintered at high temperatures, which depends on the type of raw material.
  • the sintering of aluminum oxide takes place, for example, at around 1800 C. The sintering converts the powder conglomerate into a solid body, the body not melting or only partial melting occurring.
  • the shafts sintered in the measuring tube made of oxide ceramic for the electrodes and the electrodes can be designed differently depending on the dimensions, in particular the inside diameter.
  • a simple wire or pin of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter can be sintered in, the inward end of which forms the electrode surface which is connected to the measuring liquid .
  • the sintered shaft can also consist of a tube with a bottom that forms the electrode surface. If the electrode locations are accessible, there is the possibility of sintering in a pin or a tube as a shaft and then in one with a tube forming the electrode surface. To connect the recess on the inner jacket of the measuring tube.
  • a tube can be sintered into which a pin is inserted from the inner jacket of the measuring tube and is tightly welded to the edge of the tube located outside the measuring tube.
  • the shafts and electrodes are preferably made of platinum or platinum alloys. However, other conductive metals which allow sintering in are also suitable, as well as preclude a chemical connection with the oxide ceramic and an oxidation on their electrode surfaces.
  • the good mechanical strength and reworkability of the oxide ceramic by grinding enables the measuring tube to be fastened particularly easily and securely in a steel housing which also accommodates the magnetic coils and allows fastening to the two flanges of the pipeline. This is done in that the ends of the measuring tube are fastened by shrinking the holes in the steel housing. This shrink attachment secures the measuring tube against twisting and against axial displacement, so that subsequent readjustment is not necessary. Also no holding bores are required in the outer jacket for special fastening clips which would impair the mechanical strength of the measuring tube. With this type of fastening, the ceramic measuring tube lies protected within the steel housing and the fixed shrink connection even prevents the ceramic material from breaking if the measuring sensor falls down or a strong impact or impact occurs on it.
  • the shrink connection seals the interior of the steel housing in a liquid-tight manner against the peripheral lateral surfaces of the sensor. If this seal is not sufficient in extreme cases, a thin sealing compound or the like can also be applied to the peripheral jacket surfaces or bore surfaces.
  • An additional fastening of the flanges in the bores of the housing by gluing or cementing can be provided for transducers which are heated to temperatures at which the shrink fit is reduced by hot liquids.
  • the attachment can also be carried out by gluing or cementing. Even with ceramic measuring tubes with a relative thin wall thickness, fastening by shrinking tension is possible.
  • bearing rings made of ceramic or metallic material can be attached by shrinking to the ends of the measuring tube, with which the measuring tube is attached by shrinking tension in the bores of the steel housing.
  • the measuring tube at its ends with radially outwardly facing flanges, with which it is fastened in the bores of the steel housing by means of shrinkage stress.
  • the peripheral lateral surfaces of the flanges are expediently ground to an outer diameter suitable for the shrink fit.
  • the oxide ceramic has a surface roughness even with a completely smooth-looking surface, which is used according to the invention for attaching electrical conductor tracks by attaching a conductor track forming the grounding ring to at least one end face of the measuring tube and to the grounding connection is conductively connected.
  • the conductor track forming the grounding ring can be attached to a bevel which extends the inner jacket of the measuring tube and can be connected to one or more conductor tracks which are radially arranged on the end face of the measuring tube and serve the grounding connection.
  • the conductor tracks can be guided over the end faces to the outer jacket surface of the measuring tube, where they are in contact with the shrunk-on steel housing forming the earth connection. If putties are used to fasten the measuring tube in the bores of the steel housing alone or in connection with a shrinkage voltage, the conductive connection between the conductor tracks forming the grounding rings and the steel housing can also be carried out by current-conducting particles mixed into the putty, e.g. B. made of metal or graphite.
  • a measuring track to the measuring tube, which is conductively connected to the shaft of a measuring electrode and extends approximately by half the circumference to a connection point arranged next to the other measuring electrode for a lead wire leading to a measuring transducer.
  • These conductor tracks consist of a metal layer only a few microns thick, which is firmly anchored on the electrically insulating ceramic body and which eliminates the electrical components and wiring parts previously required for various purposes. While earthing rings were previously special components that had to be installed with sealing rings on both sides during assembly, they are, according to the invention, an integral part of the sensor. The adjacent connection points for the line wires leading to the transducer facilitate the wiring. If necessary, the conductor track connected to the electrode can be provided with a shield in order to exclude the effect of interference voltages.
  • the invention provides a particularly suitable method for attaching measuring electrodes and other current-conducting components to a ceramic measuring tube of a transducer for electromagnetic flowmeters by attaching a shaft of the measuring electrodes in a position leading radially through the jacket of the measuring tube , which consists in that the shaft of each measuring electrode is arranged radially in an unfired formation consisting of oxide ceramic raw material and is sintered in during the ceramic firing of the molding, and that a metal powder paste in the form of conductor tracks is then applied to the ceramic-sintered measuring tube and is burned by * heating the measuring tube again.
  • the arrangement of the shafts in the unfired shaping which is also referred to in the ceramic as a green body, can take place by direct molding when compacting the powdery raw material, or it can be done according to a preferred method bores are drilled into the pressed blank into which the shafts are inserted before the blank is fired, ensuring that the raw material is tightly sealed.
  • the metal powder paste for the conductor tracks to be applied to the sintered measuring tube can consist, for example, of a platinum powder paste which, when subsequently heated to about 800 ° C., forms a thin metal layer of several microns, the binding constituents of the paste evaporating or burning and the Metal layer anchored in the micro-rough surface of the ceramic body.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a transducer with a ceramic measuring tube, the ends of which are shaped like a flange, in a longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 3 shows the object of FIG. 2 in a side view and partially in section with burned-on conductor tracks
  • 6 shows a pin-shaped electrode shaft
  • 7 shows an electrode shaft consisting of a tube and a pin
  • Fig. 9 shows the subject of Fig. 8 in a medium cross section
  • FIG. 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a transducer with a measuring tube secured by shrinkage stress in a longitudinal section.
  • the measuring transducer 1 shown in its basic structure in FIG. 1 is equipped with a ceramic measuring tube 2 made of oxide ceramic.
  • the measuring tube 2 has the shape of a thread roll with radially outwardly pointing flanges 3 at both ends.
  • the ground peripheral lateral surfaces 26 of the two flanges 3 are fastened by shrinking stress in the bores of a steel housing 5.
  • the steel housing 5 can for example consist of cast steel.
  • the sensor 1 is fastened in the usual way between the flanges of two conduits 6 of a pipeline, sealing rings being provided between the ground end faces 22 of the ceramic measuring tube 2 and the contact surfaces of the flanges associated with the conduits 6.
  • connection between the measuring sensor 1 and the flanges of the line pipes 6 can either be made by a direct screw connection, or with smaller nominal diameters it is also possible to clamp the measuring sensor 1 between the flanges of the line pipes 6 by means of screw bolts or the like nen.
  • the measuring transducer 1 is assigned two measuring electrodes 8 which protrude radially through the jacket of the ceramic measuring tube and form 10 electrode surfaces on the inner jacket. Are offset by 0 on the outer jacket 11 of the ceramic mix measuring tube 2 diametrically opposite two magnetic coils 9 arranged. These can lie, for example, with pole shoes on the outer jacket 11 of the ceramic measuring tube 2.
  • the steel housing 5 also serves for the magnetic return flow.
  • the ceramic measuring tube 2 is made from raw materials of the oxide ceramic.
  • the powdery and non-plastic raw material is compacted in a known manner with the aid of stamp presses or by isostatic pressing. With this shaping, the degree of shrinkage that occurs during the later sintering process must be taken into account.
  • Two radial bores 12 are made in the compacted and shaped, but still unburned molding, into each of which a shaft 13 made of platinum is then inserted.
  • the shafts 13 to be sintered in and the electrode surfaces can be designed differently depending on the dimensions of the measuring tube 2 and the electrodes provided.
  • shafts 13 are selected, the inward end of which directly forms the electrode surface which is conductively connected to the measuring liquid.
  • a simple wire or pin cf. upper half of FIG. 2 of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter or a tube which has a closed bottom 15 (cf. FIG. 5) can be used for this. 5
  • the tube 14 is inserted into the mass in such a way that the bottom 15, after sintering, runs approximately flush with the inner jacket 10 of the ceramic measuring tube 2.
  • a solid pin 16 see FIG.
  • a tube can be sintered in as a shaft, on which a plate forming the electrode surface is formed or fastened, or on the such a plate is welded or riveted after sintering.
  • the shaft 13 in the form of a pin or tube is made of platinum or another metal, which during the subsequent sintering of the oxide
  • Kera ik no chemical connection with the ceramic material and does not oxidize on its surface at high temperatures.
  • the ceramic measuring tube 2 is sintered at approximately 1800 ° C. The corresponding sintering temperatures must be observed for other oxide ceramic materials.
  • the shafts 13 are sintered gas-tight into the jacket of the ceramic measuring tube 2. 2 shows in the upper half a shaft 13 which directly forms the measuring electrode 8 or measuring electrode surface with its end pointing inwards.
  • the shaft 13 is designed as a solid pin 16, as shown in FIG. 6 on an enlarged scale.
  • a recess 17 is formed on the inner jacket 10 next to the bore 12 or the pin 16.
  • a plate 18 provided with a small bore is then placed on the inwardly facing end of the shaft 13 or pin 16 and inserted into this recess 17.
  • the end of the shaft 13 or pin 16 protruding through the plate 18 is then electrically conductively connected to the plate 18, for example deformed into a rivet head 19.
  • the plate 18 forms the inward-facing electrode surface.
  • the embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 7 can also be selected, in which a tube 32 open at both ends is first sintered in. A pin 33 is then inserted into the sintered tube 32, which has a plate 3 forming the electrode surface and is tightly welded to the edge of the tube 32 located outside the measuring tube 2 (cf. the weld seam 35 in FIG. 7).
  • the shafts 13, which can be designed in various ways, can either be inserted into radial bores 12 of the unfired molding in the manner already mentioned. It is also possible to mold the shafts 13 in their various embodiments directly from the oxide-ceramic material during the compression and molding of the measuring tube 2.
  • the peripheral jacket surfaces 26 and the end faces 22 are reworked by grinding.
  • the outer diameter of the peripheral lateral surface 26 is to be selected so that it enables fastening by shrinking tension in the bores 4 of the steel housing 5.
  • Conductor tracks 2, 23 and 24 are then prepared on the ceramic-fired and subsequently ground measuring tube 2 by applying a platinum paste.
  • Two conductor tracks 21 are arranged on the two ends of the measuring tube 2 in the region of a chamfer 20 formed there. After a further heat treatment, both conductor tracks form grounding rings which are connected by conductor tracks 23 arranged radially on the end faces 22.
  • the conductor track 24 connects to the shaft 13 of one electrode 8 and is guided over half the circumference of the outer jacket 11 to approximately next to the opposite shaft 13 of the other measuring electrode 8 and ends there at a connection point 25.
  • the platinum paste can be can be spread on, pressed on or printed on in the usual way.
  • the ceramic measuring tube provided with the platinum paste is then heated again to about 800 G or more, depending on the nature of the paste.
  • the metal powder contained in the platinum paste is compacted to form a dense metal film which is anchored in the slightly rough surface of the ceramic material and forms an electrical conductor.
  • a platinum paste it is also possible to use other materials which form an adhesive conductor track by burning or evaporation.
  • conductor tracks according to this procedure can also be provided on the ceramic measuring tube 2 for other purposes.
  • conductor tracks according to this procedure can also be provided on the ceramic measuring tube 2 for other purposes.
  • the measuring tube 2 provided with the conductor tracks 21, 23 and 24 is fastened to the ground peripheral jacket surfaces 26 of the flanges 3 by shrinking tension in the bores 4 of the steel housing 5.
  • the outer diameter of the peripheral peripheral surfaces 26 can be designed such that it can be inserted into the bores at normal temperature and the fastening is carried out by gluing or cementing the bearing surfaces.
  • FIG. 10 shows the arrangement of conventional housing flanges 28 for connection to a pipeline (not shown) and lateral recesses 29 into which the magnetic coils 30 can be inserted from the outside and which is provided with a screw-on cover plate 31.
  • the oxide ceramic mainly includes aluminum oxide, but also oxides of beryllium, magnesium, zirconium, thorium, oxide compounds such as magnesium aluminum oxide and the like. Like. In the sense of the invention, however, all other ceramic materials with the same or similar properties are also suitable, even if they do not belong directly to the group of oxide ceramics, e.g. B. steatite or the like

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

Une sonde (1) pour débitmètres magnétiques inductifs est pourvue d'un tube de mesure (2) en oxyde céramique. Une tige (13) de l'électrode de mesure (8) y est aménagée de manière étanche lors du frittage. Le tube en céramique (2) est assemblé par retrait dans une ouverture (4) d'une enveloppe en acier (5). Après le frittage du tube de mesure (2) et en vue de réaliser des anneaux de mise à la terre et autres voies de courant on réalise des trajets conducteurs. Pour cela une pâte avec particules conductrices est appliquée est le tube céramique (2) est à nouveau chauffé. La pâte forme alors un film conducteur mince adhérant fortement au tube céramique (2).
EP82901507A 1981-11-27 1982-05-10 Sonde de mesure pour debitmetres magnetiques inductifs Withdrawn EP0087425A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81201316A EP0080535B1 (fr) 1981-11-27 1981-11-27 Tête de mesure pour un débitmètre électromagnétique
EP81201316 1981-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0087425A1 true EP0087425A1 (fr) 1983-09-07

Family

ID=8188168

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81201316A Expired EP0080535B1 (fr) 1981-11-27 1981-11-27 Tête de mesure pour un débitmètre électromagnétique
EP82901507A Withdrawn EP0087425A1 (fr) 1981-11-27 1982-05-10 Sonde de mesure pour debitmetres magnetiques inductifs

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81201316A Expired EP0080535B1 (fr) 1981-11-27 1981-11-27 Tête de mesure pour un débitmètre électromagnétique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US4507975A (fr)
EP (2) EP0080535B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS58501552A (fr)
AT (1) ATE15270T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU8452682A (fr)
DE (1) DE3172074D1 (fr)
IN (1) IN156690B (fr)
WO (1) WO1983002000A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA828382B (fr)

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US4716649A (en) 1988-01-05
AU8452682A (en) 1983-06-17
AU557076B2 (en) 1986-12-04
DE3172074D1 (en) 1985-10-03
IN156690B (fr) 1985-10-12
JPS58501552A (ja) 1983-09-16
JPH0488816U (fr) 1992-08-03
EP0080535A1 (fr) 1983-06-08
ATE15270T1 (de) 1985-09-15
EP0080535B1 (fr) 1985-08-28
US4507975A (en) 1985-04-02
AU9019782A (en) 1983-06-02
JPH0522829Y2 (fr) 1993-06-11
WO1983002000A1 (fr) 1983-06-09
ZA828382B (en) 1983-09-28

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