EP0054727B1 - Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054727B1
EP0054727B1 EP81109358A EP81109358A EP0054727B1 EP 0054727 B1 EP0054727 B1 EP 0054727B1 EP 81109358 A EP81109358 A EP 81109358A EP 81109358 A EP81109358 A EP 81109358A EP 0054727 B1 EP0054727 B1 EP 0054727B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hub
segment assembly
commutator
segment
armature shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81109358A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0054727A2 (de
EP0054727A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ing. Grad. Gerlach
Lothar Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Phys. Wörner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kautt and Bux KG
Original Assignee
Kautt and Bux KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kautt and Bux KG filed Critical Kautt and Bux KG
Publication of EP0054727A2 publication Critical patent/EP0054727A2/de
Publication of EP0054727A3 publication Critical patent/EP0054727A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054727B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054727B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04—Commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06—Manufacture of commutators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y10T29/49011—Commutator or slip ring assembly

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a commutator with a reinforced segment assembly, which is arranged with the interposition of insulation on a hub or an armature shaft, and to a method for producing such a commutator.
  • the known commutators with an armored segment assembly are those of the arch pressure type. With them, so-called segment jumps can be avoided even at high centrifugal stresses, as occurs at high speeds, because the arch pressure can be chosen so large that the surface pressure generated by the arch pressure between the segments and the insulating lamellae is sufficient for all operating conditions Reliably prevent emigration of the segments.
  • commutators are often not only exposed to large flow forces, but also to high thermal stresses. The deformation of the brush running surface that occurs as a result of the heating of the commutator, which is a reversible deformation in the form of short- and / or long-wave deviations from the cylindrical shape, then limits the maximum speed for which the commutator can still be used.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a commutator of the type mentioned, which has no or at least a significantly lower thermal deformation than the known commutators.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the consideration that, in the case of commutators of the arch pressure type, the radial forces emanating from the armored segment assembly and resulting from the arch pressure are effective due to the inevitable material inhomogeneity and dimensional asymmetry of the segment association over the circumference thereof in different size distributions. They bring about an individual balance adjustment for each commutator with appropriate rejection of the segment association already during its manufacture.
  • the deformation caused by the warping of the segment assembly is eliminated by overturning it on the finished commutator, but the different size distribution of the radial forces over the circumference of the segment assembly is retained.
  • a renewed deformation of the segment assembly and thus the brush tread is therefore preprogrammed and, due to the weak reaction forces of the reinforcement elements specially designed to absorb centrifugal forces and to maintain sufficient arch tension, but only to a small extent stiff bending, operational stress will occur.
  • the steady heating of the commutator that starts during operation leads to an increase in the asymmetry of the segment assembly due to the heat-induced increase in vault pressure and the increase in pressure and heat resulting from the inhomogeneity of the segment assembly, in particular the insulating lamellae, as a result of the superposing forces a further increase in the size differences of the radial forces acting over the circumference of the segmental association.
  • the relatively soft, orthotropic segment structure the reduction or build-up of the radial forces acting over the circumference of the segment structure occurs over relatively large distances.
  • the supporting forces of the pressurized, extremely flexurally rigid i.e. counteracting a change in the shape and size of their cross section very high resistance forces counteracting hub and / or shaft against an onset of deformation in the form of substantially higher reaction forces.
  • the supporting forces introduced are chosen to be substantially higher than the amount that is ever reduced as a result of thermal and centrifugal force loads on the commutator during later operation.
  • a relatively low arch pressure is sufficient to prevent individual segments from migrating on the still cold, but subject to centrifugal force.
  • a significant reduction in the arch pressure results with the same armoring compared to a commutator of the arch pressure type in that the armored segment assembly is widened so much in the course of the manufacture of the commutator that a predominant stress component of the armoring, the non-positively coupled hub and / or armature shaft and the insulation radially prestressed between it and the segment assembly.
  • the area of the segments and insulating lamellae under arching stress is additionally reduced to a dimension that is still required dynamically and is still necessary in terms of production technology.
  • This reduction in the area under vaulting which can be achieved through recesses and / or deposits of the segments and / or the insulating lamellae, further reduces the radial forces caused by heating and caused by inhomogeneity and dimensional asymmetry, since the heating-related expansion of the Segment association or increase in vault tension is significantly reduced because of the considerable reduction in the areas generating the compressive forces in the circumferential direction. Due to the substantial reduction in vault pressure in the greatly reduced vault pressure area, the forces acting under heat in the segment assembly are greatly reduced and, as a result of the support effect emanating from the hub, the segment ends receiving the reinforcements are relieved.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing a method for producing the commutator according to the invention which is as simple as possible to carry out.
  • segments 1 and insulating lamellae 2 One of these, consisting of micanite, plate-shaped insulating lamellae 2 lies between two segments 1 made of copper.
  • the segments 1, whose cross-sectional profile is shown in FIG. 4, have a shoulder 1 'on both side surfaces along their outer edge. These two deposits 1 'reduce the thickness of the segment in the outer edge zone to such an extent that there is no longer any noteworthy arch pressure on the finished commutator. Furthermore, the segments 1 are provided with two symmetrical openings 3 spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the commutator, which are punched out of the segment and differ in shape from an elongated hole in that they have radii of different sizes at both ends. The smaller radius is provided at the end adjacent to the other opening. The web 4 present between the two openings 3 is located centrally between the ends of the segment.
  • the insulating plates 2 each have three circular, equally large punched-out portions 5, which are arranged at equal distances from one another in the longitudinal direction of the commutator.
  • the central punch 5 lies in the middle between the two ends of the insulating lamella. It is therefore aligned with the web 4. Since the centers of curvature of the openings 3 and the centers of the punched holes 5 have the same distances from the inner circumferential surface of the segment assembly, the partial overlap shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 results. In the areas of the deposits 1 ', the surface pressure between the segments 1 and the insulating slats 2 very low. No arch pressure is transmitted in the areas covered by the openings 3 and punched-out areas 5.
  • a vault pressure can therefore only be generated practically in the surface area between the openings 3 and the punched-out portions 5 on the one hand and the inner lateral surface of the segment assembly on the other hand and the two offset end zones, each of which has an insulated reinforcement ring 6 on the outside.
  • the step for receiving the reinforcement ring 6 is turned out on the composite segment assembly in order to ensure uniform contact with all segments.
  • the armored segmental assembly sits concentrically with the interposition of insulation 7 a metallic hub 8, which in turn sits on a shaft 9.
  • the insulation 7, the hub 8 and the shaft 9 are prestressed in the radial direction, the latter two parts forming an extremely rigid, largely material-homogeneous and dimensionally symmetrical body, from which support forces S of equal magnitude are produced in an almost ideal manner.
  • the armored segment assembly as in the known commutators of the arch pressure type, would only sit positively on the hub 8, then the clamping force F generated by the reinforcement rings 6 would have a very high arch tension and therefore generate a relatively large resulting radial force G R.
  • the radial force G R of the arch tension is reduced to the much smaller value G r .
  • the centrifugal force Z claims the lamella group in the same direction as the radial force G r 'generated by the arching stress.
  • the centrifugal force Z compensated without a significant radial movement of the segment by a corresponding reduction in the supporting forces S 'or their radial components S r '.
  • the change in vault tension in the reduced zones that still transmit the vault pressure is therefore slight under the influence of centrifugal force. Accordingly, the difference in size of the resulting radial forces G is small when the commutator is stationary and G r 'when the commutator is rotating.
  • the segment assembly is composed of alternating segments 11 and insulating lamellae 12.
  • the segments 11 have a shoulder 11 'on both sides along their outer edge zone adjacent to the running surface for the brushes. Furthermore, they are provided with openings 13, which are offset from punched holes 15 of the insulating lamellae 12 such that they are aligned with the webs 14 between the punched holes 15.
  • the vault pressure zone is essentially limited to the area between the openings and punched-out areas and the inner lateral surface of the segment assembly and the two end zones, which lie within two reinforcing rings 16 which are made of steel and lie in end-face ring grooves with the interposition of insulation.
  • the inner lateral surface of the segment assembly forms an inner cone that widens outward.
  • the two support rings 20 With their cylindrical inner circumferential surface, the two support rings 20 each lie on the cylindrical outer circumferential surface of a steel half-hub 21 and 21 ', the inner circumferential surfaces of which form a bore for receiving a shaft.
  • a potting compound 24 fills the gaps between the armoring rings 16 and the segments 11 and the insulating lamellae 12 on both ends of the commutator and covers the outwardly facing end faces of the armoring rings 16, the support rings 20 and the end sections of the segments 11 and insulating lamellae 12 lying between them towards the outside, in the exemplary embodiment the outward-facing side of the casting compound 24 being aligned with the adjacent end face of the half-hub.
  • the support rings 20 can be omitted, for example if the Hub halves 21 and 21 ', for example due to a large bore, are relatively thin-walled if the hub halves, with the interposition of insulation and their outer cone surface designed as an outer cone, bear against the corresponding inner cone of the segment assembly and are clamped together by means of the clamping screws 23.
  • This commutator is manufactured in such a way that the armored segment assembly is heated to a temperature which is somewhat higher than the operating temperature of the commutator.
  • the two half hubs 21 and 21 ' are preferably pressed in during this heating together with the support rings 20 arranged on them.
  • the segment assembly is expanded until it comes into contact with a stop ring that receives the segment assembly during this manufacturing process.
  • the support rings 20 are preferably shrunk onto the half-hubs 21 and 21 'in order to avoid any air between them, their insulation and the half-hub.
  • the half hubs and the support rings are held under the press-in pressure until the segment assembly has cooled again.
  • the expansion is chosen so that the required radial preload of the half-hubs 21 and 21 'and the support rings 20 is achieved after the segment assembly has cooled.
  • the two half hubs are screwed together using the clamping screws 23.
  • the two end faces of the segment assembly and the support rings 20 are cast by means of the casting compound 24.
  • the structure of the segment structure of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 8 differs from the segment structure of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 only in that the two reinforcement rings 36 are designed as pressure rings, each with an inner cone, which rests on an outer cone that the inner flank of the reinforcement ring rests on partially receiving, frontal annular groove of the segment assembly forms.
  • the reinforcing rings 36 made of steel are provided with an insulation enveloping them, as in the other exemplary embodiments.
  • a clamping ring 45 is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable on the two half-hubs 41 and 41 '.
  • the two insulated support rings 40 are designed like the support rings 20 and are preferably shrunk onto the half hub carrying them in order to avoid any air between them, their insulation and the half hub. You are also engaged by an annular flange of the half-hub to be tightened to the same extent when clamping the half-hubs.
  • Each of the two clamping rings 45 has, following a cylindrical surface on which the outer, cylindrical part of the inner circumferential surface of the reinforcing ring 36 rests, a radially outwardly projecting ring flange which rests on the outwardly facing end face of the clamping ring.
  • a plurality of threaded holes 42 which are evenly distributed over the circumference and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the commutator, in one clamping ring 45 and through holes aligned with them in the two half-hubs 41 and 41 'and in the other clamping ring 45 each serve to accommodate a clamping screw 43 with which the two clamping rings 45 and thus the reinforcement rings 36 are clamped together.
  • the two half-hubs 41 and 41 ' are also alternately provided with threaded holes 46, which are arranged offset to the through holes for the clamping screws 43, also parallel to the longitudinal axis of the commutator and evenly distributed on the circumference, with which the respectively associated through holes in the other half hub 41' or 41 and the tension rings 45 carried by them are aligned.
  • these holes there are clamping screws 47, by means of which on the one hand the half hub 41 via the support ring 40 carried by it, with its outer cone resting on the inner cone of the segment assembly with the clamping ring 45 carrying the reinforcing ring 36, and on the other hand the half hub 41 'via the support ring 40 with the opposite ring ring 36 carrying clamping ring 45 are clamped together.
  • the clamping screws 47, which clamp the half hub 41 'together with the clamping ring 45, which is displaceably arranged on the opposite half hub 41, are not shown in FIG. 8.
  • This commutator is manufactured in such a way that the segmental structure is given a vaulted tension by a shrinking process, for example by means of a conical bushing, via which the segmental structure is pressed into a thick-walled, cylindrical pressure socket. Then, by tightening the clamping screws 43, the two clamping rings 45 and together with these the two reinforcement rings 36 are clamped together and the reinforced segment assembly is pressed out of the pressure bush. The two tensioned reinforcement rings now take over the maintenance of the arch tension in the segment association. The segment assembly is then heated to a temperature which is above the later operating temperature, and, preferably in the course of this heating, the half-hubs 41 and 41 'and the support rings 40 carried by them are pressed in with axial pressure.
  • the segment assembly being widened, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, until it lies against a stop ring or a stop bush which receives the segment assembly during this manufacturing process.
  • the two half-hubs are kept under this axial pressure until they cool down. Subsequently the clamping screws 47 are tightened. Due to the widening of the segment assembly and its subsequent shrinking when cooling, the two half-hubs 41 and 41 'and the support rings 40 receive a radial preload which is reduced during operation of the commutator, but is not completely removed.
  • the armored segment structure of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from that of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 only in that its inner lateral surface is also cylindrical in the end sections.
  • Deposits 51 'of the segments 51 and openings 53 of the same and punched-out sections 55 of the insulating lamellae 52 therefore also limit the arching tension here essentially to the area between the cut-out sections and cut-outs on the one hand and the inner surface area on the other hand and the two end zones located within the reinforcing rings 56.
  • the press material 57 which is a mass customary in commutator construction for press commutators, also covers the end faces of the reinforcement rings 56 and the end zones of the lamellar assembly which they encompass and fills the ring grooves receiving the reinforcement rings, insofar as the reinforcement rings do not.
  • the armored segment dressing is heated by heating to a press die temperature required for processing the press material 57, which can be up to over 200 'depending on the press material, and by the press material 57 inserted under pressure between the inner surface of the segment dressing and the hub 58 widened until the outer lateral surface abuts on a press bushing which receives the segmental association.
  • the inside diameter of this press sleeve and thus the degree of expansion of the segment assembly is chosen so that when the segment assembly cools and the shrinkage associated therewith, the hub 58 and the press material 57 lying between it and the segment assembly receive the required radial prestress.
  • this commutator represents a particularly economical embodiment of the commutator according to the invention.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10, like the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, is a ring-armored press commutator. However, it differs from the latter not only in that, in addition to the reinforcement rings 76 provided at both ends of the segment assembly, a third reinforcement ring 76 'is arranged at half the length, which is particularly advantageous with a longer commutator length. A difference also lies in the fact that the reinforcement rings 76 and 76 'are insulated from the segments 71 by press material 77 which, when pressed, fills the space between the reinforcement rings and the grooves receiving them.
  • the third reinforcement ring 76 ' also requires a slightly different design of the openings 73 in the segments and the punched-out areas 75 of the insulating lamellae located between them, as shown in FIG. 10. Thanks to these recesses and openings as well as the stepped portions 71 'of the segments 71, the arch pressure zone, that is the surface area of the segments and insulating lamellas in which the arch tension is effective, is also greatly reduced in this exemplary embodiment.
  • a further difference between the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 40 and that according to FIG. 9 is that the bare hub 78 made of steel has a conical outer surface. Instead of this one-piece hub or a shaft with an outer cone, two half-hubs with an outer cone could also be used.
  • the commutator according to FIG. 10 is produced in such a way that, like a press commutator, the prestressed segment assembly, in which the hub 78 has not yet been inserted, is pressed with press material 77, which completely embeds the reinforcement rings 76 and 76 '.
  • the molding material 77 completely covers the two outer reinforcement rings 76 and the end sections of the segments 71 lying inside them, and in the exemplary embodiment is flush with the hub end face.
  • the annular slot is also completely filled with molding material, via which the annular groove containing the third reinforcement ring 76 'is connected to the inner lateral surface of the segmental association.
  • the insulating layer formed by the molding material 77 on the inner surface of the segment assembly has a conical inner surface corresponding to the outer cone of the hub 78.
  • the commutator according to FIG. 10 has the advantage that pre-punched segments and insulating lamellae can be used, i.e. no processing of the segment assembly to produce the seats required for the reinforcement rings and none Insulation of the reinforcement rings is necessary.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from the previously described exemplary embodiments in particular in that already in the course of the reduction in diameter required for the arch pressure build-up of the segment assembly composed of segments 91 with openings 93 as well as recesses 91 'and insulating lamellae 92 with punched-outs 95, e.g. by means of a conical bushing, via which the segment assembly is pressed into a pressure bushing 100, a relatively thin-walled, insulated hub sleeve 101 is shrunk into the receiving bore of the segment assembly and connected to it in a force-locking manner.
  • the amount of compression of the hub sleeve 101 can be reduced by reducing the diameter by specifying a difference between the diameter of the receiving bore of the segmental structure and the outer diameter the insulated hub sleeve 101 can be determined. After it has been pressed into the pressure bushing 100, an annular groove is screwed in at both ends for receiving an insulated reinforcing ring 96 at each end.
  • the compression of the hub is chosen so high that after the reinforcement rings 96 have been shrunk onto the segment ends exposed by the annular groove and the armored segment assembly has been removed from the pressure bushing 100, the segment assembly to a large extent with a substantial reduction in the arch tension and increasing tension build-up in the reinforcement rings 96 expands by the high supporting forces of the compressed hub sleeve 101.
  • the segmental association radially prestressed by the hub sleeve 101 is then heated. A hub 98 is pressed in.
  • the hub sleeve 101 which is shrunk into the segmental structure as a pressure sleeve, could also have a slightly conical bore.
  • the hub or armature shaft provided with a corresponding outer cone could then be pressed in as the segment assembly heats up.
  • a conical hub has the advantage that, since it has already been introduced and pressurized in the course of the heating of the segment assembly in the receiving bore, it supports the ends of the segments 91 carrying the reinforcing rings 96.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the segment assembly is namely greater than that of the reinforcing rings 96 made of steel.
  • the segments 91 therefore experience increasing bending stress at their ends when heated.
  • the hub sleeve is wrapped in a thin insulating tape that surrounds it like a coil and forms double insulation 97 of the segment assembly with respect to the armature shaft.
  • Good heat dissipation to the armature shaft is ensured by the two very thin insulating layers between the segment assembly and the hub 98 or armature shaft.
  • the resulting low heat gradient between the segment assembly and the hub and / or the armature shaft contributes to the fact that the reduction of supporting forces of the hub remains extremely low. This effect of good heat dissipation from the commutator to the armature shaft naturally also applies to the other exemplary embodiments.
  • the insulation can of course also be formed by such a winding in other exemplary embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
EP81109358A 1980-12-22 1981-10-30 Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Expired EP0054727B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3048470A DE3048470C2 (de) 1980-12-22 1980-12-22 Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3048470 1980-12-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054727A2 EP0054727A2 (de) 1982-06-30
EP0054727A3 EP0054727A3 (en) 1983-03-30
EP0054727B1 true EP0054727B1 (de) 1987-02-04

Family

ID=6119946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109358A Expired EP0054727B1 (de) 1980-12-22 1981-10-30 Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4562369A (da)
EP (1) EP0054727B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS57170047A (da)
DE (1) DE3048470C2 (da)
DK (1) DK172454B1 (da)

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DE3714098A1 (de) * 1987-04-28 1988-11-10 Kautt & Bux Kg Kommutator fuer maschinen kleiner bis mittlerer groesse und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE8708940U1 (de) * 1987-06-27 1988-05-26 Kautt & Bux Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Kommutator für elektrische Maschinen
DE3823844A1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1990-01-18 Kautt & Bux Kg Kommutator fuer elektrische maschinen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3823845A1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1990-01-18 Kautt & Bux Kg Kommutator und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH02101947A (ja) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-13 Asmo Co Ltd 整流子及びその製造方法
US5171010A (en) * 1992-01-08 1992-12-15 Lanoue Todd W Golf ball teeing apparatus
DE4201593C2 (de) * 1992-01-22 1999-06-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kommutator für elektrische Maschinen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE9321246U1 (de) * 1993-02-01 1996-09-26 Friedrich Nettelhoff KG Spezialfabrik für Kleinkollektoren, 58708 Menden Kollektor und Armierungsring hierzu
WO1995022184A1 (de) * 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 Comtrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Armierungsring für rotationskörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
SI0944938T1 (en) * 1996-12-12 2002-10-31 Comtrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Commutator with reinforcing ring
US6242839B1 (en) 2000-03-01 2001-06-05 Kirkwood Industries, Inc. Commutator and method for manufacturing
US6666349B1 (en) 2000-12-18 2003-12-23 Norman W. Gavin Septic system tank
DE10319460A1 (de) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrohandwerkzeugmaschine mit elektromotorischem Antrieb

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JPS5212082U (da) * 1975-07-14 1977-01-27
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK172454B1 (da) 1998-08-24
DE3048470A1 (de) 1982-07-01
DK565981A (da) 1982-06-23
DE3048470C2 (de) 1992-03-05
JPS57170047A (en) 1982-10-20
US4562369A (en) 1985-12-31
EP0054727A2 (de) 1982-06-30
EP0054727A3 (en) 1983-03-30

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