EP0043401B1 - Procédé et appareil pour éliminer le tritium d'un mélange gazeux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour éliminer le tritium d'un mélange gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043401B1
EP0043401B1 EP81101653A EP81101653A EP0043401B1 EP 0043401 B1 EP0043401 B1 EP 0043401B1 EP 81101653 A EP81101653 A EP 81101653A EP 81101653 A EP81101653 A EP 81101653A EP 0043401 B1 EP0043401 B1 EP 0043401B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tritium
gaseous mixture
reaction vessel
hydrogenation
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81101653A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0043401A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Weichselgartner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
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Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
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Application filed by Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV filed Critical Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Publication of EP0043401A1 publication Critical patent/EP0043401A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02—Treating gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to devices for performing such methods.
  • gaseous tritium (T,) is produced, which is known to be radioactive and must therefore be removed from the atmosphere of the work area or the like.
  • a final concentration of some 10 -5 Ci / m 3 air can be achieved in this way. In practice, however, you often have to be content with a few 10- 4 cm 3 .
  • the present invention is accordingly based on the object of specifying methods and devices with which tritium can be removed from a gas mixture more completely than was previously possible.
  • the known oxidation process in which the tritium is oxidized to water is therefore replaced by a reduction process or hydrogenation process which provides an easily separable, in particular liquid or solid, reaction product.
  • the reaction of tritium with oxygen should not fall under the terms of reduction or hydrogenation processes.
  • Suitable and proven hydrogenation reactions are the hydrogenation of carbon and petroleum or fat hardening (hydrogenation of oily fats to solid fats), the addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds (conversion of benzene into cyclohexane, of naphthalene into decalin and tetralin), the reduction from aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and from nitriles and nitro compounds to amines.
  • the tritium can be removed from a gas mixture by hydrogenating unsaturated organic compounds, in particular unsaturated carboxylic acids.
  • unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are used with particular advantage, and the hydrogenation can advantageously be carried out catalytically.
  • Unsaturated fatty acids in particular those having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, are preferably used.
  • the linolenic acid C 17 H 29 -COOH has three double bonds: and the linoleic acid C 17 H 31 -COOH two of which: both are converted into stearic acid CH 3 - (CH 2 ) 16 -COOH during the hydrogenation. If these unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are hydrogenated with tritium, the tritium is firmly bound in the stearic acid, ie one or more of the CH 2 groups contain T instead of H.
  • the hydrogenation process can be controlled so that the tritiated stearic acid is broken down by the incorporation of the tritium into fragments with a shorter chain length and other physical properties than the long-chain C 17 fatty acids.
  • This has the great advantage that the tritium-containing reaction products can be separated continuously or discontinuously from the compounds not reacted with tritium and removed from the hydrogenation device as a result of different solubility, density or melting and boiling points. This means that a fresh reactant is always available for the hydrogenation and only relatively small amounts of tritium-containing, radioactive reaction products are formed.
  • a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, a liquid or an emulsion column can be used as the hydrogenation device or column.
  • the method and the devices according to the invention are excellently suited for exhaust air purification of work rooms and for air purification of closed systems, such as inert gas glove boxes.
  • closed systems such as inert gas glove boxes.
  • inert gas gloveboxes The advantage of inert gas gloveboxes is that the preferred unsaturated fatty acids cannot be autoxidized due to the absence of air-oxygen, so the effectiveness cannot be reduced (no high "blind consumption” of unsaturated fatty acids, no resinification, etc.).
  • the lowest T concentrations can be continuously eliminated in inert gas containers.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the device serves to clean the atmosphere in a closed work space 10, which is shown as a so-called glovebox.
  • the atmosphere in the closed space 10 is circulated by a fan.
  • the gas from the room 10 flows through an extraction line 14, an activity measuring device 16, a hydrogenation device 18, which is connected to a regeneration device 20, then through another activity measuring device 22 and finally through the blower 12 and a return line 24 back into the room 10.
  • the atmosphere in room 10 can consist of an inert gas, in particular an inert gas such as argon.
  • the hydrogenation device 18 can contain a fluidized bed or a fixed bed, solution or emulsion column.
  • the hydrogenation device preferably contains an unsaturated fatty acid and the regeneration device 20 serves for the separation of tritium-containing reaction products.
  • the hydrogenation device 18 may also be preceded by a known oxidizing device 26, which contains a catalytic furnace 28 and a molecular sieve column 30 and may otherwise be designed in a known manner.
  • the aim should therefore be to improve the mixing of the gas phase with the liquid phase, for example by pumping, atomizing or similar measures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé de purification d'un mélange gazeux qui renferme une faible proportion de tritium, dans lequel, pour éliminer le plus possible le tritium, on fait passer le mélange gazeux par une cuve à réaction dans laquelle le tritium est fixé par une réaction chimique et, par suite, éliminé du mélange gazeux, caractérisé en ce que la cuve à réaction dans laquelle passe le mélange gazeux tritié contient un composé organique insaturé, en particulier un acide carboxylique insaturé, sur lequel le tritium est fixé par une réaction d'hydrogénation.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait passer le mélange gazeux par une cuve à réaction qui contient au moins un acide monocarboxylique à insaturations multiples, notamment l'acide linoléique et/ou l'acide linoléni- que.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la cuve à réaction contient, en plus, un catalyseur catalysant la réaction d'hydrogénation.
4. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant une cuve à réaction qui contient un composé pouvant être hydrogéné par le tritium, caractérisé par un agencement destiné à faire passer un mélange gazeux renfermant une faible proportion de tritium par la cuve à réaction contenant un composé organique insaturé, en particulier un acide carboxylique insaturé, et un dispositif de séparation continue des composés hydrogénés par le tritium.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la cuve à réaction contient un lit fluidisé, une colonne à lit fixe, un système à dissolution ou un système à émulsion.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la cuve à réaction est précédée par un dispositif d'oxydation catalytique du tritium et de séparation de l'eau tritiée.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de passage du mélange gazeux tritié appartient à un circuit gazeux fermé qui contient, en outre, une chambre de travail (10), ainsi qu'un dispositif de circulation (12).
EP81101653A 1980-07-04 1981-03-06 Procédé et appareil pour éliminer le tritium d'un mélange gazeux Expired EP0043401B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3025494A DE3025494C2 (de) 1980-07-04 1980-07-04 Verfahren zum Entfernen von Tritium aus einem Gasgemisch
DE3025494 1980-07-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0043401A1 EP0043401A1 (fr) 1982-01-13
EP0043401B1 true EP0043401B1 (fr) 1985-09-25

Family

ID=6106468

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81101653A Expired EP0043401B1 (fr) 1980-07-04 1981-03-06 Procédé et appareil pour éliminer le tritium d'un mélange gazeux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4490288A (fr)
EP (1) EP0043401B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5717898A (fr)
CA (1) CA1165096A (fr)
DE (2) DE3025494C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3511320C1 (de) * 1985-03-28 1986-10-09 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen Vorrichtung zur Reinigung der Gasatmosphaeren mehrerer Arbeitsraeume
DE3606317A1 (de) * 1986-02-27 1987-09-03 Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe Verfahren und vorrichtung zur dekontamination des abgases des brennstoffkreislaufs eines fusionsreaktors von tritium und/oder deuterium in chemisch gebundener form enthaltenden abgas-bestandteilen
DE3636632A1 (de) * 1986-10-28 1988-05-05 Ntg Neue Technologien Gmbh & C Organisches feststoffgetter zur absorption von tritium (t) aus einem stroemenden gasgemisch
FR2620262B1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-11-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et installation de traitement de dechets organiques solides contamines par du tritium
JP6044003B2 (ja) * 2014-07-03 2016-12-14 株式会社ピーシーエス トリチウム含有水におけるトリチウム置換方法及びトリチウム除去方法
CN109887632A (zh) * 2019-04-19 2019-06-14 江油联合氚碳仪器有限责任公司 用于高湿空气除氚的系统
CN115382389A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-11-25 中国原子能科学研究院 尾气处理方法和系统

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3147243A (en) * 1960-08-08 1964-09-01 Continental Oil Co Radioactive polymers
US4178350A (en) * 1973-08-27 1979-12-11 Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. Removal of tritium and tritium-containing compounds from a gaseous stream
US4020003A (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Fixation of tritium in a highly stable polymer form

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3025494A1 (de) 1982-02-04
US4490288A (en) 1984-12-25
JPS5717898A (en) 1982-01-29
DE3172399D1 (en) 1985-10-31
EP0043401A1 (fr) 1982-01-13
CA1165096A (fr) 1984-04-10
JPH0147758B2 (fr) 1989-10-16
DE3025494C2 (de) 1986-01-16

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