EP0018889B1 - Procédé pour prolonger la validité d'une zone de travail de la mémoire d'un support d'enregistrement - Google Patents

Procédé pour prolonger la validité d'une zone de travail de la mémoire d'un support d'enregistrement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018889B1
EP0018889B1 EP80400547A EP80400547A EP0018889B1 EP 0018889 B1 EP0018889 B1 EP 0018889B1 EP 80400547 A EP80400547 A EP 80400547A EP 80400547 A EP80400547 A EP 80400547A EP 0018889 B1 EP0018889 B1 EP 0018889B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
memory
key
zone
erase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400547A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0018889A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean Henri Mollier
Michel Ugon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTERNATIONALE POUR L'INFORMATIQUE CII - HONEYWELL BULL (dite CII-HB) Cie
Original Assignee
INTERNATIONALE POUR L'INFORMATIQUE CII - HONEYWELL BULL (dite CII-HB) Cie
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Application filed by INTERNATIONALE POUR L'INFORMATIQUE CII - HONEYWELL BULL (dite CII-HB) Cie filed Critical INTERNATIONALE POUR L'INFORMATIQUE CII - HONEYWELL BULL (dite CII-HB) Cie
Publication of EP0018889A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018889A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for extending the validity of a working area of the memory of a recording medium where the recorded information accessible from the outside can only be modified by an authorized person, said memory further comprising a protected area where are stored identification information inaccessible from the outside as well as a device for its implementation.
  • Non-volatile memories have the property of permanently retaining the information they contain in the absence of an external power supply.
  • the magnetic tapes, the memories with magnetic cores, the memories with bubbles, the memories with semiconductors carried out in technology MNOS, abbreviation of the Anglo-Saxon term "Metal Nitride Oxide Silicon” constitute non volatile memories. These memories are also erasable by the action of electronic organs external to these memories.
  • All the memories can contain a maximum number of information which depends on the number of elementary cells which they contain and which define their capacity.
  • the capacity of a non-volatile memory therefore limits its use over time.
  • the number of stored information reaches the useful capacity of the memory, two solutions are available to the memory user.
  • the first solution is explained in particular in document DE-A 2 738 113 where the card has a memory divided into several sections which are successively opened as and when a section is full. These openings are made under the control of an authorized person. However, when all the sections of the memory are full, the card becomes unusable, that is to say that there is no erasure or reset of the memory which can allow the card to be reused.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to produce a device which allows the erasure of non-volatile memories of the aforementioned type only under certain conditions, by depriving the holders of the recording media provided with said memories of any possibility allowing them to proceed themselves. same to this erasure.
  • the erasing of the memories making up the recording media can only take place in a private or administrative service accredited to do so.
  • non-volatile and erasable monolithic memories are for the most part produced using semiconductors sensitive to certain external physical disturbances.
  • the exposure of these memories to electromagnetic radiation, in particular ultraviolet radiation, can modify the magnitude of the distributed electrical charges, thus modifying the nature of the information stored.
  • a storage device containing a witness character is described in the European patent applications published by documents EP-A-0 013 523 and EP-A-0 016 295.
  • the introduction of a witness character in non-volatile erasable memories makes the use of these memories as safe as that obtained with memories whose technology makes writing irreversible.
  • the semiconductor diode memories are irreversible memories, because the memorization of an information element is carried out by snapping the junction separating the N & P semiconductor zones constituting a diode.
  • the method and the device according to the invention must be able to operate with recording media provided with the aforementioned security devices and must make fraudulent manipulation ineffective in the memory of the recording medium.
  • the erasure of the recording medium by the device of the invention will not take place only by the action of a person authorized to introduce into the erasure device the information necessary to be put into service. This information is compared inside the device to corresponding information stored inside the memory of the recording medium to reveal to the device the true identity of the recording media.
  • the identity of said support will be established either using a serial number which will be assigned to it during its manufacture, or using an identification key which it will have received when it was delivered to its holder and by a validation character that will recognize that all the data located inside the recording medium is credible or by all of these two possibilities.
  • the device for implementing the method as defined for erasing the information written in a working area of a memory of a recording medium said memory further comprising a protected area where an erasing key is stored inaccessible from the outside and an identification number of the support is characterized in that it comprises a memory in which several identification numbers and the associated erasure keys are recorded, processing circuits for reading the identification number of the medium to be processed, to search the memory for the associated erasure key, and to compare this key with that previously recorded in the medium.
  • the memory control and addressing means are incorporated into said medium, thus ensuring the inviolability of the information contained in the memory of the recording medium.
  • control means into said support then constitutes an insurmountable physical obstacle because in this case, the sequential control operations take place entirely inside the recording medium without the outside environment being able to know or to be able to discover it. the secret.
  • the internal test of the validity of the key to give the erasure order will cause if it is negative an alteration by the aforementioned control means of the zone of the invalidating character which can never return to its original condition and therefore will prohibit any further use of the recording medium.
  • the control means incorporated in the recording medium will prohibit, by controlling this character, any use of the recording medium.
  • the means used in the composition of the device for erasing information stored inside the recording medium are incorporated into said medium.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified representation of the device for reusing or recycling the recording medium according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the recycling machine shown in FIG. 1 and its connections with other elements necessary for its operation.
  • Fig. 3 is a representation of a grid of the memory space of a recording medium.
  • Fig. 4 is a detailed representation of the control means used to control the recycling operation and forming part of the composition of the recycling device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the various operations performed by the recycling machine and the control means for erasing a recording medium and making it suitable for another use.
  • Fig. 6 is an alternative embodiment of the recycling machine shown in FIG. 1 in which the elements for controlling the recycling operation and forming part of the composition of the recycling device are located inside the recording medium.
  • the device shown in fig. 1 consists of a recycling machine cooperating on the one hand with the recording medium 2 to be erased and validated for other uses and on the other hand with a file 3 making it possible to verify the identity of the storage medium record to be deleted and an authorization card 4 belonging to the operator accredited to carry out the recycling operation and in which an identification code is stored.
  • Each serial number corresponds to a recording medium which, when given to are holder by the accredited body receives another identification code or key. Thus, each serial number corresponds to a key. A representation of the key serial number correspondence is recorded in file 3.
  • File 3 can be stored on any recording medium, magnetic tapes or magnetic disks as shown in fig. 2.
  • the recycling operation can begin when the device has verified that the operator is properly accredited. For this, the operator must introduce into the device an authorization card containing the operator's identification code and simultaneously enter his identification code or password on a keyboard.
  • the authorization card will communicate to the machine where its use is intended the information necessary for recycling.
  • the authorization card can be made up of a simple magnetic card or a semiconductor memory of the ROM or PROM type, abbreviations of the English words "Read Only Memory” or "Programmable Read Only Memory” .
  • a particular embodiment of the recycling machine is shown at 1 in FIG. 2. It comprises a microprocessor 7 to which is added two memories, a read-only memory PROM 8 and a random access memory RAM 9. It is known that a random access memory has the property of being erasable and that it is possible to read and rewrite all or part of the information contained therein. On the other hand, a read only memory cannot be erased and only the information stored therein can be read.
  • the BUSD or the data line D conveys the data or information transmitted between the microprocessor 7, the PROM memory 8, the RAM memory 9 and the external members connected to the recycling machine.
  • the external organs are the recording medium to be recycled 2, the magnetic disk unit 3, the keyboard for entering the password 5, the card reader 6 into which the operator authorization card is inserted. 4.
  • the PROM, RAM 9 memories as well as the memory M of the recording medium to be recycled are addressed from the microprocessor 7 by the BUS A or address line A.
  • the microprocessor 7 sends the various commands from the external organs for the connection C o , itself decomposed into C ,, C 2 , C 3 and C, in fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3 represents the organization of the areas of the memory M 10 of the recording medium to be recycled 2.
  • This memory is an erasable non-volatile memory which will preferably be produced in MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology so that the stored information can be kept for a very long time (years) without being altered while being able to be erased in whole or in part at any time.
  • the memory shown contains 300 words of 4 bits each. It is recalled here that the word bit is used to designate the smallest amount of information which, expressed in a binary language, can only take two states 0 or 1.
  • the addressing of this memory is done by words and in the example represented, the memory has a matrix organization of 76 lines and 4 columns. A word is found at the intersection of a row and a column.
  • the locations of the words in the memory are identified by a number from 0 to 299. On line 0 corresponds the words 0 to 3 to line 1 the words 4 to 7, etc. .... on line 75 the words 296 to 299.
  • the addressing of a memory word is carried out by depositing a 9-bit address word on BUS A representing 512 possible addresses although 300 here are useful.
  • the 2 least significant bits are used for addressing columns 0 to 3 of the memory while the other 7 bits are used for addressing rows.
  • the 2 column addressing bits are decoded by the D POS 12 position decoder, the 7 row addressing bits are decoded by the D ADM 11 address decoder.
  • the addressing code used is the natural binary code .
  • a memory location thus addressed can be read or written.
  • a read command 2 positions the memory read circuits and the content of the addressed memory location is placed in the data register RD.
  • a write command E positions the memory write circuits and the data to be written are first placed on the BUS D to be transferred to the register RD 13 and then secondly transferred to the addressed memory location.
  • the RD register is 16 bits long, so it can contain 4 words.
  • the RD locations (0 to 3) of the RD register are intended to receive the words of column 0 of the memory, in the same way the RD locations (4, 7) receive the words of column 1, RD (8 to 11) receive the words in column 3 and RD (12 to 15) receive the words in column 3. It is recalled here that the BUSA and D are connected to the microprocessor 7 of FIG. 2.
  • Zone 1 contains all the attributes of the support of registration necessary for its identification, whether during use for the service for which the support is normally intended or during the recycling operation.
  • Zone 2 is a work area reserved for the storage of information collected during normal use of the recording medium. During the recycling operation, all the information present in zone 2 must be deleted.
  • the key character will preferably be represented with a code composed of M bits comprising a predetermined number N of bits at 1 or at 0 (code M by N).
  • Fig. 4 is a detailed representation of the control means used to control the recycling operation. These control means being constituted by the microprocessor.
  • This microprocessor comprises a data bus, an address bus and a command bus, a logic arithmetic unit 14, an accumulator register 15, an operation results storage register SR 14, an address register RA 17, an instruction register RI18, an instruction decoder 19, an ordinal counter (program counter) 20, a backup register SP21, data input / output registers 1023 and IB 24.
  • An operand placed on the bus D is transmitted to input 1 of the logical arithmetic unit ALU14 by the link d4, the second operand is taken from the accumulator register ACCU15 and is transmitted to input 2 of unit 2 of the logical arithmetic unit ALU15, the result of the calculation carried out between these two operands can be transmitted to the register SR 16 or to the accumulator register 15 by the connections d7, d9, BUS D and d5.
  • the register SR 16 stores the status bits C, S, F which are calculation results and which allow branching operations towards other subroutines.
  • the register RI essentially contains two locations, one reserved for storing the instruction operation code (COP), the other at its address.
  • the operation code is transmitted to the instruction decoder 19 for the line d3, which transmits on the line C4 then on the bus C the commands necessary for the execution of the instruction.
  • the address part of the instruction is transmitted for line d2 on BUS D.
  • the register RA contains the address of the data or information sought in the recycling device, this address can be in one of the two PROM 8 and RAM 9 memories or in the recording medium 2, it is transmitted on the BUS A by the link a ,.
  • the PC computer 20 is loaded from BUS D via line d10, output 2 is connected to the input of register SP21, output 2 of which is connected by line d12 to the data bus BUS D.
  • the output 2 of the counter 20 is also connected by line a 2 to the address bus BUS A.
  • the content of the ordinal counter 20 can be increased by one unit from a clock not shown.
  • the registers 10 22 and IB 23 have their inputs / outputs both connected to BUS D and serve as a buffer register.
  • the programs and microprograms contained in the memories 8, 9 or 10 could therefore be addressed indifferently by the ordinal counter PC 20 or by the register RA 17.
  • the information read at the addressed locations of these memories will be transferred to BUS D in the instruction register Rt18, if it is an instruction, or transferred to input 1 of the logical arithmetic unit or in the register accumulator 15 or in register 10 22 in the case of data. These transfers will take place according to the type of instruction used.
  • the information to be written in the memory locations addressed by the address information presented on BUS A will be transferred to BUS D via the buffer register IB 23.
  • BUS D will also be used to transfer data or information between registers.
  • the address part of the instruction contained in the RI register may be transferred from a subroutine or microprogram whose progress is necessary to execute the instruction.
  • the result of an operation obtained on two operands can be stored in the accumulator register 15, in the random access memory RAM 9 in the register RD of the recording medium 2 or in the register IB with a view to its transfer for example to the disk drive 3.
  • the device which has just been described therefore makes it possible to execute sequentially the operations necessary for recycling the recording media. These operations require the execution by the control means of an input / output program to execute the transfer of information from the disk memory 3 to the RAM memory 9 of FIG. 2.
  • the disk 3 contains, as mentioned above, the key correspondence file and the serial number of the recording media in circulation.
  • This input / output operation for transferring data from a disk into the RAM 9 is a very conventional operation which is similar to that encountered in all data processing systems.
  • step 51 the invalidation character stored on the recording medium is tested; if this test is positive, the recording medium is rendered unusable. If the test is negative, the validation character of the recording medium is deleted (step 53).
  • the character of invalidation of the recording medium having been tested in step 51, step 54 consists in reading the serial number of the recording medium in order to obtain the associated key via the file of the recycling machine. By the control means a comparison is made between the key thus sought and the key contained in the recording medium (step 54 and 55). If the rest is correct, a validation character is written to the recording medium (step 56). The device verifies in step 57 that this character has been correctly written, if this is the case, the operation of erasing the other areas of the memory of the recording medium is carried out (step 58).
  • step 59 If the tests carried out in steps 51 and 55 prove to be incorrect, the information medium is definitively put out of use by writing an invalidation character (step 59). All other recycling attempts will subsequently be unsuccessful because the control means by reading the key of the recording medium in step 51 will detect a false key which will prevent the continuation of operations 52 to 58. If the validation character test of step 57 proves to be incorrect, the device will not start erasing the other areas of the memory and will repeat steps 51 to 57 until the writing of the character 'validation proves successful. To avoid a repeated number of unsuccessful writes of the validation character, we can limit the number of unsuccessful attempts, for example to 10.
  • step 56 we will observe the symmetry of the operations associated with the normal process (step 56 to 57) with the process of operations associated with error (step 59 to 60) where step 60 consists in testing the invalidation character so as to achieve operating symmetry of the microprocessor and in testing that the character has indeed been written.
  • step 60 consists in testing the invalidation character so as to achieve operating symmetry of the microprocessor and in testing that the character has indeed been written.
  • This symmetry makes ineffective any attempts to observe the signals on the transmission or supply lines in order to prevent the positioning of the invalidation character.
  • the sequence of operations which has just been indicated may be carried out using a firmware stored in the PROM 8 memory.
  • the instruction register RI 18 contains the address for starting the firmware in the PROM memory 8. This address is transferred to the computer PC 20.
  • the progress of computer PC 20 from a unit from the start address of the firmware will allow the necessary execution of the microinstructions corresponding to this firmware.
  • the list of microinstructions identified by the state of the ordinal counter PC 20 is as follows:
  • Fig. 6 is an alternative embodiment of the recycling machine shown in FIG. 1 in which the control elements of the recycling operation are located inside the recording medium.
  • the microprocessor 7, the PROM memory 8 and the data memory M 10 are found incorporated on the same support.
  • the memory control means M are integrated into the information medium.
  • a monolithic structure will be given to all of the electronic elements incorporated in said support in order to make it impossible to test the signals passing between the memory 10, the microprocessor 7 and the PROM memory 8.
  • the recycling machine 1 mainly consists of the RAM memory 9 and of the elements necessary (not shown) for establishing the connections between the recording medium 2, the keyboard 5, the disc 3 and the reader. the authorization card 3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
EP80400547A 1979-04-25 1980-04-22 Procédé pour prolonger la validité d'une zone de travail de la mémoire d'un support d'enregistrement Expired EP0018889B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7910561A FR2455320B1 (fr) 1979-04-25 1979-04-25 Dispositif de recyclage de supports d'enregistrement identifiables a l'aide de donnees d'identification et composes de memoires monolithiques non volatiles effacables
FR7910561 1979-04-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018889A1 EP0018889A1 (fr) 1980-11-12
EP0018889B1 true EP0018889B1 (fr) 1985-09-04

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ID=9224748

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400547A Expired EP0018889B1 (fr) 1979-04-25 1980-04-22 Procédé pour prolonger la validité d'une zone de travail de la mémoire d'un support d'enregistrement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4442345A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0018889B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5638650A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8002518A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1151298A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3071055D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2455320B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1151298A (fr) 1983-08-02
FR2455320B1 (fr) 1986-01-24
JPS6138519B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-08-29
BR8002518A (pt) 1980-12-09
FR2455320A1 (fr) 1980-11-21
DE3071055D1 (en) 1985-10-10
JPS5638650A (en) 1981-04-13
EP0018889A1 (fr) 1980-11-12
US4442345A (en) 1984-04-10

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