EP0015444B1 - Bauwerk mit Plattenbalken - Google Patents

Bauwerk mit Plattenbalken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015444B1
EP0015444B1 EP80100855A EP80100855A EP0015444B1 EP 0015444 B1 EP0015444 B1 EP 0015444B1 EP 80100855 A EP80100855 A EP 80100855A EP 80100855 A EP80100855 A EP 80100855A EP 0015444 B1 EP0015444 B1 EP 0015444B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beams
slab
slabs
structure according
uprights
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80100855A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0015444A1 (de
Inventor
Claus Cichos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CICHOS BARBEL
Original Assignee
CICHOS BARBEL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CICHOS BARBEL filed Critical CICHOS BARBEL
Priority to AT80100855T priority Critical patent/ATE2692T1/de
Publication of EP0015444A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015444A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0015444B1 publication Critical patent/EP0015444B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building with floors and walls, which are formed by horizontal and vertical slab beams.
  • the components that make up the rooms must be rigidly and immovably supported on one another, i.e. firmly connected to one another, so that the entire structure remains stable and safe to use under all possible external and internal force attacks; that disturbing external and internal influences do not impair human stay in it.
  • the bottom, top and side there must be finished space boundaries for receiving flooring and paint, as well as separate gaps for installing the supply and disposal lines, without having to cut the individual design in terms of room size and room layout.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid unnecessary weight to reduce the load on the individual supporting parts and to save material and to improve the insulating properties of a building already through its load-bearing structure. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to reduce the sound and cold bridges of the support areas, to achieve a further prefabrication with a quick and safe assembly, and to specify areas for building services installations by the load-bearing construction without restricting the individual design of the rooms and room sequences.
  • the horizontal and vertical slab beams between these rooms are attached to each other only via their beams, and the slabs between the rooms to be separated by insulating materials or cavities in between are separated from each other in terms of sound and heat.
  • the spaces or sequences of spaces are separated from their monolithic composite with others, so that the surfaces delimiting them are no longer common, but rather lie parallel to one another.
  • the layering takes place indirectly and in a few knot-like contact points.
  • the con according to the invention acts statically structure like a skeleton construction made of beams, whereby there is no frame bending, since the surfaces prevent bending and the surfaces also create a stiffening parallel to the surface (surface structure).
  • Sound in the floor slab is reduced by the ribs (interference elements) on the floor slab and further reduced by rigid ring beams.
  • the sound is then transmitted to the lower wall in a punctiform manner and is then disrupted by the ribs.
  • a self-supporting spatial construction is created from flat individual parts with all-round insulation, with external installation guidance and point-like, knot-like storage for high-rise buildings.
  • the construction is composed of individual parts (slabs, panes, slab beams), which is a quasi indirect, i.e. H. enable punctiform but rigid storage (to building structures) outside of these flat individual parts and their connection to spatial structures (rooms and sequences of rooms, in particular for human residence), whereby the separation of these individual parts into rooms (room sequences) building structures provides a functional separation of these individual parts , which allows a more precise selection of the material, the form and the production, as well as additional gaps for simple, safe, controllable pre- and disposal installations.
  • the installations can be placed freely in the spaces between them and lie on the insulation layer, so that fastening of the lines, in particular insulating fastening, is not necessary.
  • the special design of the individual parts enables both indirect storage and complete space limitation, which results in an almost completely continuous separation of the individual rooms or room sequences in the building and thus increased sound and heat insulation.
  • two flat individual parts are used, which create the corresponding space limitation, whose smooth visible sides are finished for covering or painting, and whose non-smooth sides remain invisible in the building, since they face each other and for protection - and installation measures are available. Screed, ceiling plaster and wall plaster are eliminated. Furthermore, later isolation is not necessary.
  • the insulation introduced in the horizontal space between two spatial structures can be designed as combined heat and sound insulation of any thickness (resonating light individual particles), since this insulation layer is not stressed and is therefore compressed. In vertical spaces, it can be designed as a coherent mat with free, unloaded crushability.
  • the quasi-indirect storage simplifies the load transfer outside of the spatial construction, uses high-quality materials, the properties of which are better exploited, larger load inputs are carried out directly, deflection-sensitive horizontal individual parts are relieved and deflections are thereby greatly reduced.
  • Hollow steel profiles or semi-open profiles can be used for the point-like storage and frame-like connection to high-rise structures, the connection of which is achieved with an inner concrete filling and outer concrete slab as well as with ring beams at the end of the profile in such a way that the profile is pierced at the appropriate points and straight or bent Monier steel is pushed through .
  • the various cavities can be reinforced with Monier steel and then concreted, so that simple, safe precast anchoring can also be carried out. It is no longer necessary to weld on dowels.
  • Damped suspension anchors can be pulled between the individual spatial structures (to further secure thin flat individual parts) during assembly by means of extension ropes through the anchoring openings of the individual parts to be assembled later in a small distance, so that the suspension can be retrofitted after the load-bearing single part above is not required.
  • a teaching can be used to bring about the point-like support of the supporting structure in the production of its individual parts, since the beams that are decisive for point-like storage (prefabricated reinforced concrete or hollow steel profiles) move and hold in the position that is accurate in terms of planning until this task is taken over by the hardened concrete of the slab.
  • important markings and markings for further individual parts are attached, whereby corresponding coding can be used to identify markings that belong together.
  • the teaching is so strongly developed that it can also be used as a transport crossbar.
  • the construction according to the invention also permits a particularly simple static calculation. Furthermore, hardly any formwork is required for the in-situ concrete, in particular for the ring beams, since this is formed by insulating layers that are supported by components that are already in place (ceiling slab, floor slab) and by the end faces of floor slabs.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a part of the building at the level of a floor 1, 7a.
  • the floor separates an upper room A from a lower room B.
  • room A 1 To room A there is room A 1 and next to room B there is room B 1 .
  • Rooms A and A 1 should not be separated from one another in terms of sound and / or heat. The same applies to rooms B and B 1 .
  • a sound and / or thermal separation should exist between rooms A and B and between rooms A i and B i as well as between A and B, and between A 1 and B.
  • the vertical middle wall 4 between A and A 1 as well as between B and B 1 may allow sound and heat to pass through, so that this wall can be a customary prefabricated component.
  • the other vertical wall parts as well as the ceiling parts are constructed so that they have an insulating effect. They each consist of slab beams.
  • the slab beams of the ceilings have a slab 1 made of concrete and beams 7a made of steel.
  • the slab beams of the walls have slabs 3 made of concrete and beams or supports 7b made of steel.
  • the cut is chosen so that between the beams 7a and supports 7b is cut parallel, so that they are not visible.
  • the section in FIG. 2 is at the level of the beams 7a and supports 7b.
  • room A not only the beams 7a and supports 7b of the walls and ceilings are fastened to one another, but also the plates 1, 3 are connected to one another. This is not harmful, since there is no need for sound and thermal separation within room A.
  • the walls and ceilings of room A are only connected to the walls and ceilings of room B by beams 7a and supports 7b, whereas the plates 1, room A and the plates 1, 3 of room B have no connection.
  • the slab beams (slab with monolithically connected beams) are formed from a pure concrete cross-section or a composite cross-section, the beams 7a and the supports 7b or disks on the supports each projecting in order to be connected to one another in the circumferential ring beams 8 to form the overall structure.
  • the spacing and height of the beams and columns as well as the plate and pane thickness depend on the individual design of the building, the individual spans and loads.
  • a room or a sequence of rooms is delimited by different slab beam surfaces, which can be constructed differently, but at the points of contact, the beam and column spacing correspond.
  • the beams, supports and slab beams can be made of wood, plastic or metal.
  • Standard reinforced concrete prefabricated parts with connecting reinforcement for the slab are particularly advantageous (pure reinforced concrete cross-section) or hollow steel profiles or semi-open steel profiles (composite cross-section), whereby the composite is achieved rationally, clearly and simply by drilling through holes 11 through the webs 9 (mainly subjected to thrust) Parts) of the steel profile in the immediate vicinity of the pressed flange 10 (predominantly parts subjected to normal force) in sufficient numbers and at a required distance one-sided bent Monier steel 12 is inserted alternately and precisely with its straight end.
  • the hollow space 7b is concreted out as the inner concrete cross section of the composite cross section.
  • the mutually bent and straight ends of the Monier steel 12 protruding from the beam run into the upper or lower continuous reinforcement 13 of the plate or disc of the composite cross section added in a further concreting process.
  • the shear of the composite cross-section of the concrete and steel cross-section is thus absorbed by shear forces on the reinforcing steel and hole reveal forces in the steel profile.
  • thrust forces of the beam 7a or support 7b projecting beyond a plate or disc are absorbed, the bores 11 being distributed over the entire height of the steel profile cross section.
  • the continuous Monier steel is at the same time the longitudinal reinforcement of the ring beam 8, which connects the beams and supports that meet there at the node-like points of contact (support).
  • the composite reinforcement 12 is introduced in the same way, but the hollow cross section is not concreted out, but the concrete slab of the composite cross section is added first.
  • Monier steel 14 is passed as a connection by simply inserting it from above into the vertical steel hollow profile underneath, which is concreted up to about half the height, into the upper steel hollow profile through the ring beam.
  • the hollow steel profiles must be provided with top and bottom plates at their locations cut out in the middle according to the hollow cross-section.
  • the ring brackets with connecting irons take over the function of the hollow steel profile, with the longitudinal reinforcement of the reinforced concrete beams being bent at their ends in such a way that a rigid connection with the ring beam is achieved.
  • the ring beam 8 is designed as a lintel or beam for receiving the loads from the horizontal plate beams and other components, as well as for taking up windows, shutters, ventilation and. ⁇ .
  • the beams 7a and supports 7b are fastened to gauges 14 running transversely thereto during the production of the plate beams (screw or plug connection).
  • the gauges are held immovably by the gauges. After the concrete has set and hardened, the gauges also serve as a crossbeam for turning and transporting the slab beams.
  • the beams or supports are attached to the same fixed holding devices of the gauge.
  • the bars and supports are therefore necessarily the same distances apart. Inaccuracies in the plates are easier to accept.
  • Different spacing sequences for the beams and supports can be marked on the same gauge if they are marked accordingly as a matching sequence (markings 15 by color, numbers).
  • the cable routing, openings and. ⁇ ., including the associated holding devices are marked accordingly as a matching sequence.
  • a load-bearing inner or outer wall element (vertical plate beam) is temporarily stored with its plate on the plate of a floor element (horizontal plate beam) on a plastic-insulated washer 16 (FIG. 2). Since the ceiling plate 2, including an end-side projection 17 with horizontal insulation 18 lying on top and an insulation 19 fastened to the bottom plate 1 vertically below serves as the underside and inside of a formwork for the outer ring beam 8, two sides of the ring beam are already formed.
  • the third outer side is closed by mobile outer formwork including the outer insulation 20 after inserting the ring beam reinforcement and the outer ring beam 8 is concreted with the subsequent half lower and upper hollow steel profiles 7a of the wall elements (vertical slab beams).
  • the lower and upper wall elements and floor element are connected to each other and transfer the vertical loads there.
  • the plate 1 of the base element and the plate 3 of the upper wall element are incorporated in the ring beam 8 in a rigid manner, but not that of the ceiling element 2 and that of the lower wall element. These two latter are weakly rigid or freely rotatable connected by mandrel anchor 21 (Fig. 1) and remain separated from the ring beam 8 throughout.
  • the ceiling element 2 forms, with an insulating intermediate layer 18, the lower formwork for the ring beam 8.
  • the floor and wall elements of the upper floor are thus rigidly joined in the ring beam, which is only rigidly supported on the supports 7b of the wall element of the lower floor and rests thereon as supports .
  • the same procedure is followed in an inner ring beam 8a above a load-bearing inner reinforced concrete wall pane 4, although the load-bearing inner wall pane can be single-shelled if it is not intended to separate from one another in rooms or sequences of rooms by insulation.
  • connection reinforcement 11 also the reinforcement of the wall plates 4
  • the load-bearing wall elements (vertical slab beams) and wall panels 4 (single-shell reinforced concrete prefabricated parts) are thus clamped at the bottom and stand free.
  • Non-loadbearing intermediate wall disks 5 are then hung and anchored in the loadbearing walls with their supports projecting above (not shown). They hang freely as separating elements and run down into a gap 23 between two adjacent plates 1 of the base element. Through these columns 23 are partition wall 5 and Plate 1 of the floor element is locally concreted in the area of its connecting reinforcements (connecting bar 24).
  • Partition panels 6 are double-skinned without mutual anchoring and are connected at the bottom only on one side to the associated plate 1 of the floor element of the same room with in-situ concrete 25.
  • Ceiling elements 2 are placed on load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls (if necessary, on additional auxiliary yokes), which, since they have no payload other than installation cables, consist of simple flat plates that protect the underside of the floor against fire, reduce weight and save material, as well as for thermal reasons can be made in gas concrete. Via hanging anchors 26, they can also be held as a suspended ceiling on the floor element 1, 7a located above, anchored laterally with spikes 21 in the supporting walls, which hold them freely rotatable at this point.
  • the ceiling elements 2 can therefore be designed as thin plates. Should 2 loads be taken from the ceiling tiles, e.g. B. attached devices, the ceiling panels can be designed as slab beams.
  • the ceiling elements 2 are covered with granulated insulation material 27 for thermal insulation and conversion of sound energy. Insulation mats, in particular crushable mineral insulation mats, can also be used.
  • the floor element is temporarily stored on plastic-insulated washers 29 for integration into the later ring beam 8.
  • the suspension anchors 26 of the ceiling element 2 are extended with extension cables 30 through predetermined openings 31 in Threaded bottom element and released after pulling through the anchor 26.
  • the anchors are firmly connected to the base element from above and the openings 31 in the plate 1 of the base element are closed.
  • the beams 7a of the floor element run through the outer wall and are thermally insulated all the way to the required length.
  • Reinforced concrete elements made of floor slab with parapet are put on and adapt to the insulation (floating storage).
  • the lower layers are previously suspended with appropriate reinforced concrete, wood, metal, plastic elements and anchored upwards (suspended ceiling).
  • the rear-ventilated facade 32 (FIG. 7) is also formed by hanging panes 33 between the window lines and held laterally by the outer window sill cladding.
  • the (attached) ceilings 2 no longer carry any payloads and can therefore be easily and exclusively adapted to the requirements for insulation.
  • the floors 1, 7a are no longer burdened by additional dead weight in the form of floating screed. Corresponding costs are eliminated and the material is saved.
  • By separating the ceiling element 2 and floor element it is possible to produce the two visible surfaces perfectly and precisely for the immediate absorption of the paint or covering, while the facing sides of the two elements are left in the raw state and the simple absorption of heat and soundproofing layers serve, which remain completely unencumbered and thus achieve full effect at any time and can be executed almost without hesitation and sound and heat protection can be combined through loose fill or formation of crumple zones. Unintentional subsidence, for example from compressed floating screed, no longer occurs.
  • the ceiling element increases fire protection compared to the underside of the underside of the floor.
  • additional spaces 34 are created in which the building services lines are to be laid out in an easily accessible manner, whereby rigid and damaging brackets can be avoided.
  • the separation of the elements brings in addition to the associated separation of functions and the resulting more precise, more adaptable choice of material and shape, as well as the additional creation of gaps 34, the further advantage that the individual elements are easier due to material savings and division of tasks or larger with the same weight can be prefabricated (reduced joint formation).
  • the knot-like point storage outside the space-limited areas enables all protective measures to be carried out more comprehensively and effectively (with small spans, the static interaction of the slab and beams can be dispensed with and the slab can be stored indirectly on the beams as a further insulation measure).
  • the load transfer can be tracked more precisely and easily by reducing the storage to points, which enables a safe and complete utilization of the material properties.
  • This is supported by the mutually complementary effects of the slab and the beam or support, which in this construction are claimed in both vertical and horizontal directions in both surface directions, the beams or supports stiffening the thin plates and the slabs bracing the highly stressed beams.
  • This is reinforced by the formation of a skeleton structure with a monolithic connection of the individual parts using in-situ concrete. This gives greater overall stability.
  • the connections themselves are countered by the use of Monier steel in hollow cross sections considerably simplified and made more reliable with precast and steel construction connections. This also applies to the improvement of the bond between the steel profile and concrete through inserted mon
  • gauges 14 (assembly traverses)
  • the accuracy of the dimensions is increased during production and errors are kept to a minimum.
  • the virtually arbitrary arrangement of the beams in the slab beams - albeit the same for a building cross-section - also makes it possible to directly intercept load entries from partition walls and openings and to relieve or even support deflection-sensitive horizontal elements.
  • the facade elements 33 are suspended, they are aligned by direct reference to the vertical strip insulation 35 of the beams of the vertical plate beams (wall elements) without further aids and kept at the desired distance from the rear ventilation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
EP80100855A 1979-03-08 1980-02-21 Bauwerk mit Plattenbalken Expired EP0015444B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80100855T ATE2692T1 (de) 1979-03-08 1980-02-21 Bauwerk mit plattenbalken.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2908995 1979-03-08
DE19792908995 DE2908995A1 (de) 1979-03-08 1979-03-08 Bauwerk mit plattenbalken

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015444A1 EP0015444A1 (de) 1980-09-17
EP0015444B1 true EP0015444B1 (de) 1983-03-02

Family

ID=6064776

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80100855A Expired EP0015444B1 (de) 1979-03-08 1980-02-21 Bauwerk mit Plattenbalken

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4372088A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0015444B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55122936A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE2692T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU530016B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8001399A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1154276A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2908995A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES489310A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MA (1) MA18765A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29821741U1 (de) 1998-12-07 1999-02-18 Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 97346 Iphofen Bauvorsatzschale mit Feuerschutz-Schallschutz-Eigenschaften
CN101942867B (zh) * 2009-07-10 2012-01-11 曲华清 新型建筑梁柱保温结构及其制作方法
CN102979323A (zh) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-20 郭金刚 用钢筋混凝土板拼装的无框架房屋
RU169084U1 (ru) * 2016-08-22 2017-03-02 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" Сборно-монолитное железобетонное перекрытие
KR101958876B1 (ko) * 2018-04-03 2019-03-15 박대융 층간소음을 저감하고 개보수가 용이한 복층형 공동주택 설계구조
CN112681540A (zh) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-20 南通市海门区建设工程施工图审图中心 一种工民建筑墙体外置保温板材
CN117468467A (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-01-30 中铁一局集团厦门建设工程有限公司 一种基于逆作法钢管立柱的梁柱节点施工方法及梁柱节点结构

Family Cites Families (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1757763A (en) * 1929-06-27 1930-05-06 Betzler Paul Interlocking-unit construction
US2053873A (en) * 1934-06-19 1936-09-08 Eugene L Niederhofer Building structure
US2049733A (en) * 1936-01-24 1936-08-04 American Cyanamid & Chem Corp Supported deck construction
US2202745A (en) * 1938-03-08 1940-05-28 Barrett & Hilp Building construction
US2208589A (en) * 1938-05-31 1940-07-23 Edward James Donaldson Building material and method
CH261086A (de) * 1946-04-19 1949-04-30 Podnik Bata Narodni Verfahren zur Errichtung von Gebäuden.
DE807437C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-06-28 Polensky & Zoellner Bauwerk aus Fertigbetonteilen
CH417005A (de) * 1963-03-13 1966-07-15 Obrist Oskar Bauteilsatz zur Erstellung von Gebäuden aller Art
US3300943A (en) * 1964-04-29 1967-01-31 Albert C Racine Building system
BE697557A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1966-05-03 1967-10-02
IE31993B1 (en) * 1968-03-22 1973-03-07 Clyne Hugh Mary Improvements in reinforced concrete building frame construction
US3533204A (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-10-13 Clark C Wallace Precast multistory building construction
FR2034179A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-02-18 1970-12-11 Bcti
US3662506A (en) * 1970-01-12 1972-05-16 Thomas J Dillon Unitized building structure utilizing precase components
US4019293A (en) * 1975-01-27 1977-04-26 Eduardo Santana Armas Building modules and structure embodying such modules
US4147009A (en) * 1975-12-04 1979-04-03 Watry C Nicholas Precast panel building construction
US4211045A (en) * 1977-01-20 1980-07-08 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Building structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2908995A1 (de) 1980-09-11
ES8107352A1 (es) 1981-10-16
DE2908995C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-06-01
JPS55122936A (en) 1980-09-22
MA18765A1 (fr) 1980-10-01
ES489310A0 (es) 1981-10-16
BR8001399A (pt) 1980-11-11
ATE2692T1 (de) 1986-03-15
JPS6320974B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-05-02
EP0015444A1 (de) 1980-09-17
DE3062156D1 (en) 1983-04-07
AU530016B2 (en) 1983-06-30
AU5597280A (en) 1980-09-11
CA1154276A (en) 1983-09-27
US4372088A (en) 1983-02-08

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