US2202745A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

., y i R. B. Muss 2,202,745

' BUILDING CONSTRUCTION V Filed Ma roh 8 19:58 a Sheets-Sheet 1 Hh chen Jr. Dining [Zoom /0 H Launclrg E; Shraqe Living Qoom INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y R. B. MUSE- BUILDING CONSTRUCTION May 28, 1940.

Filed March 8, 19:58 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. @ober/ 5. Muse A TTORNE Y ,R; B. MUSE 2,202,745

. BUILDING consmuc'nou I Filed March 8, 938 s Sheets-Sheet a INVENTOR. Faber 5. Muse Q MQ arm M W]. VB 7.. W W

A TTORNEY M y 28; 1 0. R. B. MUSE ,202 74 BUILDlnG CONSTRUCTION Filed March 8, 1958 s Sheets-Sheet 4 Qoer/ 5. Muse 55' Q ZOQ @J-Zg 57- ATTORNEY 'R. a. MUSE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION May 28, 19 40.

v Filed March 8, 1938 e Sheets-Sheet 6 FILE FIE

I I u iv r I x I n A I k v 7/! I Ill/1474.4

v ATTORNEY Patented May 28, 1940 "PATENT OFFICE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Robert B. Muse, San Francisco, Calif., assignor to Barrett & Hilp,

. partnership consisting of J.

Harry H. Hilp.

San Francisco, Calif., a co- Frank Barrett and Application March 8, 1938, Serial No. 194,573

5 Claims.

mortar. Furthermore a concrete block construction does not afford the strength which is ordinarily associated with r'e-enforced concrete. Reenforced concrete walls poured as the building is being erected afford maximum strength, but are likewise unsuited to low cost housing, because of the time and laborrequired for erection, and because of thewamount of concrete employed for a given area of wall. The use of pre-cast concrete panels has been proposed, as a substitute for smaller blocks, but insofar as-I am aware, these panels are relatively expensive because of the steel framing required, and they involve considerable time and expense for erection, due to the necessity of making connections between the panels and with load bearing pilasters.

It is" an object of the present invention to provide a building construction which will gain all of the advantages of re -enforced concrete, but at a minimum of.cost for pre-iabrication and erection. In carrying out the present invention I make use of pre-cast re-enforced concrete wall sections, which are devoid of expensive steel r framing, and which are directly coupled together to form the various walls and wall intersections.

The wall sections are relatively large in size, and t for houses of one or two stories, they extend the full wall height.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel type of joint .for the wall sections, whereby upon erection of the wall sections it is possible to align them accurately, before the joint is made. permanent andrigid.

whereby pre-cast floor panels can be applied and attached to the wall sections. 5 Further objects of'the invention will appear from the following description in which the preferred embodiment of the'invention has been set forth in detail in coniunctionwith the accompanying drawings Referring to the drawings:

and expense involved in laying the blocks with 1 Another object of the invention is to facilitate Fig. 1 is a schematic lay-out; showing a house plan suitable for use with my construction, and involving varied junctions between the wall sections. a

Fig. 2 is a perspective view, illustrating a pair of wall sections constructed and. erected in. accordance with the present invention, together with pre-cast concrete floor and roof slabs."

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along .the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional construction of the corner joint numbered the house plan of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail, illustrating the construction of the T-joint marked number 5 in the house plan of Fig. 1. a

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail, illustrating the joint marked number 6. in the house plan of Fig. 1, and involving a straight connection between aligned wall sections.

Fig. 7 shows a T-intersection between wall sections, and corresponds with the joint I of Fig. 1.

, -Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail, showing a. cross-intersection corresponding to the joint numbered 8 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail, showing a T-intersection between wall sections, and corresponding to the joint numbered 9 of Fig. 1.

detail, 'showing the 4 in Fig. '10 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail,-

illustrating the manner in which floor slabs are attached to the wall sections.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail showing the manner in which the lower edges of the wall sections can be anchored to a foundation.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail showing the manner inwhich a window casing is formed in a wall section.

Fig. '13 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail showing a floor joint construction.

Fig. 14 is a side elevational view in cross-section, showing a modified form of wall section on a modified type of joint between wall sections and floor slabs. v

l ig. 15 is a side elevational view of the upper.-

most joint of.-Fig. 14, looking toward the inside sln'face oi the 'wall sections, with the. wall board I surfacing removed and with the floor slab in cross-section. r

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional detail, showing a modified form of floor construction.

As illustrated in Figs. 1,. 2 and 3, my construction makes use of re-enforced concrete wall sec} 9 tions II, which are pro-fabricated or pro-cast at sections are of a height extending from the foundation upon which they are erected, to a point above the roof deck. Where walls of a two-story height are required, the wall sections extend the full two stories, to a point above the roof deck.

The wall sections for a building are not exact duplicates, except in certain instances where two or more duplicate sections may be employed. However, the majority of all the wall sections making up a complete building have certain features in common. Thus each of the two wall sections illustrated in Fig. 2 are formed with integral ribs Ii on the inner side of the wall, and extending in a vertical direction. At the lower end of each wall section there is a flange or rib 82, for engaging with the foundation i3. Near the upper edge of each wall section there is a flange or rib I8 which connects together the upper ends of ribs II, and which forms a ledge for supporting the roof deck I6. For wall sections which extend two stories in height, there is also a horizontal .rib H, which forms a ledge for supporting the second floor I 8. The lower floor I 9 is carried by the foundation i3, as will be presently explained. The vertical edges of the wall sections also have inner flanges or ribs, which are variously proportioned, according to the type of joint with which it is to be used.

Wall sections such as described can be formed by. the use of suitable molding equipment, involving the use of high frequency vibrators. Metal re-enforcement can be provided as is well known to those skilled in the art, in order to afford the desired degree of strength required.

Reference is made, by way of example, to the typical floor plan of a house, shown in Fig. i. This floor plan involves the use of the exterior wall sections a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, 7, and k, and the major interior partitions p, m, n, and 0. It also involves the use of certain joint intersections, including particularly the intersections numbered 4 to 9 inclusive.

Each of the various joint intersections Drovided, between the wall sections, are such that the walls can be initially connected together as they are erected, whereby after such a connection is established, the connections can be shifted to exact alignment. Thus the simple right angle joint intersection numbered 4, illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, makes use of the wall sections I00. and I 07:. The adjacent edges of these wall sections are provided with recesses 2| and 22 which are substantially in registry, and which form a common space extending within the jointthe full height of the wall. The members serving to form an articulated connection between the two wall sections, include the U-shaped or .bail-like bars 23,. togetherwith bars 24 carried by'the wall section I0k. Bars 23 are disposed at spaced intervals along the height of the section I 011, as shown in Fig. 3, and are embedded in the concrete. .Bars 24 are loosely disposed within the holes 26 formed in section I070 and are retained by nuts 25.. They have free end portions 21 which are bent downwardly, to engage within the bails 23. Before erecting the.

wall sections I01; and I070, the bars 24 are loosely apart, and such spacing is retained after the sections have been properly aligned. Thereafter, to complete the joint, wedges 3i and 32, or some other suitable form of obstructions, are applied to close the inner and outer faces of the joint,-'after which the space provided by the recesses 2I and 22 is fllled with cement mortar or grouting. After this cement has hardened a rigid point is formed, which is re-enforced by the steel bars 23 and 24. Thereafter wedges 3| and 32 can be removed, and alny suitable type of surfacing or troweling applied to enhance the appearance of the joint.

Fig. fi'eorresponding to joint numbered 5 of Fig. 1, is in some respects similar to Fig. 4, but involves the intersection of an interior partition with-two outer wall sections. In this instance the two adjacent edges of the aligned wall sec tions I0a and I0b, have recesses 33, which together with the recess 35 of..wall section I011, form a spaceextending the entire wall height, within the joint. The outer wall sections are loosely connected together-by the bars 34, which extend through openings 36 in the concrete of the sections, and which have their ends threaded toreceive the nuts 31. Bars 34 are engaged by the In forming a joint of the type illustrated, in Fig. 4

5, wall sections I0a are first hoisted into place and connected together by means of the bars 34. Thereafter the inner partition I01) is erected with the bars 38 attached to the same, and as wall section I0p is placed in generally final position, the ends 42 of bars 38 are engagedjand interlocked with bars 34. joint of Fig.4, the three wall sections can be shifted to secure proper alignment with respect wall sections disposed on' a common wall center.

In this case the two wall sections I01) and We are connected together by meansfof the steel bars 44, corresponding to'the-bars 38 of Fig. 5. These bars are fitted loosely within the openings Now, as with the to each other, and with respect to other parts of the building. Thereafter the 45, and are threaded to receive the retention 1 nuts 41. Bolts 44 are placed in position and the nuts 41 appl ed, after the 'two wall sections have been hoisted into position upon the foundation.

Thereafter, as with Figs}! and 5, the two all sections are shifted to proper aligned position, after which the spaces in the joint, formed by the aligned recesses 48, are filled with cement mortar. Fig. 6 also serves to illustrate a type of joint which canbe used to insure against leak- 'age. Thus in this instance, before fllling in recesses 46,- a strip 48 of compressed .expansible cork is inserted between the end faces 40. Thei'e- 7i after the recesses 46 are filled in the same manner as Figs. 4 and 5. The exposed edge of the cork strip 48 can be covered by any suitable form of portecting coating, such as paint, or a layer of cement mortar. Compressed cork, by absorption of moisture, expands and forms a permanent liquid-tight seal between the fame, irrespective of expansion and contraction which may occur.

,Fig. 7' illustrates a T-intersection where one partition or exterior wall intersects an intermediate part of an outer wall section. Thus in this instance an intermediate part of wall secbars are likewise provided with the down-turned end portions 28, to engage and interlock with the bails23. The filling of this joint with cement mortar is the same as with, the other joints described; It can also be provided with the cork sealing strip 48, the same as Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 illustrates a wall intersection, where the end edges of four walls terminate at a joint. In this instance interior partitions are involved, although a' similar type of joint might be used for exterior walls. Thus the panel sections I09 and I00 are loosely connected by the lateral steel bars 54, which have their ends threaded to receive the retention nuts 56. Wall sections Him and in are also loosely connected by the bars 51,

which have their ends threaded to receive the retention nuts 58. As viewed in plan the .bars 54 and 51 intersect at right angles. The end faces of wall sections Him and In are spaced apart sufliciently far to amply clear the bars 54, while the adjacent end edges of panel sections Hip and I00 are spaced apart a distance somewhat greater than the thickness of wall sections Him and In. Sections Him and in have recesses 59 while the adjacent edges of sections I tip and I00 have recesses 6|, which are in communication with the former recesses through the spacing 62, between sections Him and In. All of the communicating spaces-within the joint are then filled with cement mortar in the manner previously described, to form a rigid joint. Here again the joint as finally formed has the cement mortar re-enforced by the steel'bars 54 and 51.

Fig. 9 illustrates a T-intersection, where the line of centers 0; the right-angle wall section is offset with respect to the center of the joint between the other two sections.- Thus in this instance the wall section lllk is formed similar to the wall section 1 0a ofFig. 4, except that its end edge is formed with a recess 63. The adjacent edge ofwall section I07 is likewise provided with a registering recess 64, and initially the two sections Hlk and I07 are loosely connected by-the bars .66. Wall section lllkis provided with balls 23, the same as in Fig. 4, and which cooperate .with the bars 24 formed in the section Him. The

joint between sections Illk and Him can be finished the same as with Fi 5, while that between sections lllk and I67 is substantially the same as inFig. 6.

With all of the wall sections it is desirable to employ means-to facilitate applicationof an internal wall surfacing. Thus with the various wall sections, used in making the joint intersections described with respect to Figs. 4 to 9 inclu- -enforcements can be provided in connection with bled, cement grouting is applied to the support- I a suitable filler 86 is applied in recess 84, to afsive, the sections are shown provided with inset wooden strips 68. 'To these strips suitable wall boarding 69 can be applied, or if desired other forms of wall surfacing can be attached, as for example lath and plaster, or expanded metal to 5 which the plaster can be applied. Corners, made by the interior wall boards, can be finished in any desired manner, as by the use of moulding strips cemented in place.

It is possible to use conventional types of floor and roof constructions, that is, constructions making use of wood beams and conventional floor boarding. However, in keeping with the fire proof nature of the wall sections, I prefer to make use of floor slabs or panels, formed of precast re-enforced concrete. For example, in Figs. 2, 3 and 10, the roof deck i6 is formed of the two precast concrete slabs [6a and Hit). These slabs are provided with ribs or beams 12, on their lower sides, and their edges rest upon and are supported by the ribs 14 of the wall sections. To form a permanent connection between such slabs and the wall sections, an arrangement as shown in Fig. 10 can be employed. Thus in this instance the edges of the slabs are providedwith preformed openings 13, and when the wall sections are properly aligned, these openings register with openings 14, formed in' the flanges M of the wall sections. Suitable rethese openings, such as the U-shaped rods or bars 15. After the slabs have been properly located, with hole 13 in registry with holes.14, cement grouting can be poured into these openings, and then steel dowels 16 inserted, to form a permanent rigidconnection. With respect to alignment of the wall sections to properly con- "nect with the floor and ceiling slabs, it may be pointed out that during erection of the wall sections, suitable templates can be applied whereby the openings 14 are properly located, to accurately register with the pre-formed slabs.

The number of slabs used in forming thefloor or ceiling deck, will depend upon the size of the, slabs, and the area of the'floor or deck. Generally it is desirable for the slabs to extend completely across the floor or ceiling area; with the longitudinal edges ofadjacent slabs slightly overlapping. Thus, in Fig. 2 the edge 11 of slab I611, rests; within the recess 19, formed in the slab I611.

The slabs forming the intermediate floor l8 can be substantially the same as the roof deck l6. However, in this instance the sides of the slabs which engage the ledges H, are shown provided with extensions 8|, which are attached by dowels or pins to the ledges I1, in the same manner as described in Fig. 10. The lower floor slabs I91; and I9!) can be substantially the same as the slabs forming the roof deck. The edges of this floor deck are shown directly supported by the foundation l3.

Fig. 13 illustrates a desirable form of joint between the longitudinal edges of adjacent floor slabs. In this instance, asthe slabs are assemingshoulder 82, and also between the adjacent edges of the slabs, as indicated at- The upper faces. of the two' slabs are also recessed as indicated at 84, and af erthe slabs are assembled 70 ford a smooth continuous floor surface. The filling 86 can be conveniently a strip of linoleum or like composition, applied andretained in place by means of a suitable cement or adhesive.

Fig. 11 illustrates a convenient type of connecthrough openings I-or I09. Such joints can 'the door framing, or window frames, and are embedded in the proper sections at the time these sections are molded. As an example of this practice reference is made to Fig. 12. Here a window opening 92 in one of the wall sections I0, is provided with a steel window frame 93, which is embedded in the concrete of the wall sections. Thus formed in the adjacent edges of after erection of such wall sections it is. only necessary to apply the moving sash.

The outer surfaces of the walls can be treated in any desired manner, as for example by painting, stucco, or a waterproof Portland cement wash. In general no particular exterior surface treatment is necessary, since the wall sections will possess smooth even textured surfaces. The inner surfaces of .the wall sections can be treated with inexpensive coating materials, such as asphaltic emulsion. The floor surfaces can be stained, painted or otherwise treated as desired. For bath and kitchen floors, or elsewhere if desired, the floor slabs can be given a monolithic Terrazzo finish 85 (Fig. 13). Preferably the Terrazzo mix is applied to the floor slabs as a skim coat, after the concrete of the slab has initially set, but before setting is complete. After the slabs have been cured the surface is ground and polished.

. Figs. 14 and 15 show a modification in which the wall sections extend for only'one story in height with the ends of the -wall'sections engaging fioor slabs. Thus in this instance the lower floor slabs 96 rests upon the foundation, 91, and the wall sections .98 for the first story of the building, rest upon the slabs 96. The floor slabs 99 for the second story in turn have their edges interposed between the upper ends of the lower wall sections 96 and the upper wall sections IN. The junctions between the end edgesof the wall sections, and the floor slabs can include the anchoring rods I02, extending from the foundation, and the-tie bolts I03.for the upper floor decks. Also these junctions are filled with grouting and are preferably provided with recesses, to be filled with grouting, in order to provide an interlock. Thus each junction between a wall section and a floor slab is shown provided with the registering recesses I04 and I05. When a joint is initially established. a. suitable reenforcement be placed in the spaces provided by recesses I 04 and I05, and steel. wedges or like means are used to keep the opposed faces separated a slight amount. After securing proper alignment the spaces formed by recesses I 04 and Nine filled with grouting I01, which can be introduced a fiat floor slab I I3. Such separate joists can be used with the arrangement of Fig. 10, or their ends may be disposed in recesses Ill and 5, wall sections II6andII1.

It will be evident from the above that my invention makes it possible to construct houses and other buildings at a minimum of cost, but of first-class fire proof materials having a high degree of strength. Houses constructed in accordance with my plans require a minimum amountof expense for maintenance, and are subject to a minimum amount of deterioration. Erection of the 'main portions of the house, including the walls, inner partitions, and floors and ceiling, can be carried out in a minimum amount of time. The concrete wall sections and. also the floor and ceiling slabs can be pre-formed to a high degree of accuracy, and as previously explained, the manner in which the walls l0 are connected together and erected, makes it possible to have all of the walls in exact alignment, for receiving, and interlocking with the floor and ceiling slabs. My invention is particularly applicable to large scale erection ofhouses, where a large number of houses are substantial duplicates,'and where they are to be erected in accordance with a community plan.

I claim:

1. In a building construction, a pair of upright wall sections formed of pre-cast concrete, said sections being of a height at least equal to one story of the building, adjacent edges of said sections, at a wall junction, being provided with recesses which are in substantial registry to form a space extending substantially the entire height of the wall sections, metal members serving to being of a height at least equal to onestory, and

metal members forming an articulated connection between the adjacent vertical edges of said wall sections, said members including laterally extending bars attached to the vertical edges of said wall sections and disposed within the inner and outer facesof the sections, said bars being adapted to directly interlock.

3. In a building construction, a pairof'vertically extending wall sections of pro-formed concrete, said sections being of a'height at least' equal to one story of the building, rigid connecting members extending laterally from the adja-- cent vertical edges of said wall sections, said connecting members being adapted to loosely interlock to forman articular connection between the two wall sections, the interlock being established by vertical movement of one wall section with respect to the other.

4. In a building construction, a pair of vertically extending wall sections, said sections being disposed at right angles'to each other whereby adjacent edges form a right-angle corner, re-

cesses formed inthe adjacent vertical edges of the wall sections, said recesses being substantially in registry whereby a space is formed in the joint extending for substantially the entire height of the wall sections, a plurality of metal bars secured to said wall sections and having portions disposed in said space, said portions being in the formof bails, and a plurality of metal bars secured to the adjacent edge of the other. wall section, said last named bars being adapted to directly engage within said bails.

5. In a building'construction, at least two vertically extending wall sections, said wall sections being of a height at least equal to one story, and means forming a temporary articulated connection between the adjacent vertical edges of said wall sections, said means including rigid bars attached to the vertical edges of said wall sections, said bars having portions extending into the space between said vertical edges, said portions being loosely interlocked, at least one set of said bars for one wall section being loosely extended 5 through openings in the wall section and being threaded to form draw bars.

.ROBEBT B. MUSE.

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