EP0015444B1 - Building construction with plate girders - Google Patents

Abstract

A structure such as a building has floors formed from horizontal slab beams and walls formed from vertical slab beams. Only the ends of the beams of the slab beams are connected to each other and to supporting elements.

Description

The invention relates to a building with floors and walls, which are formed by horizontal and vertical slab beams.

On the one hand, the components that make up the rooms must be rigidly and immovably supported on one another, i.e. firmly connected to one another, so that the entire structure remains stable and safe to use under all possible external and internal force attacks; that disturbing external and internal influences do not impair human stay in it. For this purpose, at the bottom, top and side, there must be finished space boundaries for receiving flooring and paint, as well as separate gaps for installing the supply and disposal lines, without having to cut the individual design in terms of room size and room layout.

It is known that in the case of high-rise structures, the direct and as rigid as possible stacking of individual storeys primarily provides overall stability and break resistance of the individual parts. The necessary insulation against sound and heat loss, finished space-limiting areas and building technology concerns are added and added or supplemented in subsequent measures independently, but only on areas that are still accessible after the load-bearing construction of a treatment.

This means that sound and thermal insulation is fundamentally only improved retrospectively, but not already fulfilled by the load-bearing construction. In addition, there are disadvantages from additional dead weight and the dependency of perfect functioning on the conscientiousness of the craftsmanship. It is also known that ventilated or curtain-walled facades improve heat and sound insulation, but only on the vertical outer surfaces of the building, but not on all sides for the room or the room sequence. Furthermore, it is known that semi-prefabricated reinforced concrete parts (filigree ceilings, omnia ceilings and wall parts), which are supplemented by special flat composite measures with in-situ concrete to form monolithic solid components, give final space-limiting surfaces, but with ceilings only on the underside and without simultaneous impact sound insulation , as well as without included thermal insulation and with extensive sound bridge formation from the thoroughly monolithic construction. Building management is also not taken into account. The same applies to in-situ concrete walls and ceilings in smooth exposed concrete formwork and for self-supporting precast structures, all of which are directly stored and connected monolithically. In the case of a double-shell design, there are additional disruptive influences from necessary anchors and inaccuracies in the design.

From CH-PS 417 005 it is known to form walls from beams. However, the slab beams are connected to each other via in-situ concrete fillings, with iron even being required as the fillings cannot absorb tensile and shear forces. Such a construction forms considerable sound and cold bridges. Furthermore, no iron pipes can be inserted into the spaces between the plates through the iron.

The invention has for its object to avoid unnecessary weight to reduce the load on the individual supporting parts and to save material and to improve the insulating properties of a building already through its load-bearing structure. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to reduce the sound and cold bridges of the support areas, to achieve a further prefabrication with a quick and safe assembly, and to specify areas for building services installations by the load-bearing construction without restricting the individual design of the rooms and room sequences.

These objects are achieved in that for the acoustic and / or thermal separation of rooms, the horizontal and vertical slab beams between these rooms are attached to each other only via their beams, and the slabs between the rooms to be separated by insulating materials or cavities in between are separated from each other in terms of sound and heat.

The spaces or sequences of spaces are separated from their monolithic composite with others, so that the surfaces delimiting them are no longer common, but rather lie parallel to one another. The layering takes place indirectly and in a few knot-like contact points.

The fastening points of the beams to each other (nodes) are rigid (non-rotatable). All vertical loads are absorbed by the vertical beams (supports) of the vertical plate beams (= beam plates) so that the vertical plates remain unloaded, the thickness or thickness of which can remain the same and there is a continuous joint (gap) between the vertical plates arranged one above the other can. Only the vertical beams (columns) are dimensioned depending on the load and the height of the structure. The vertical walls or panels only have a stiffening effect.

There is continuous heat insulation between all rooms to be separated and to the outside except for the very low cold bridges in the nodes of the beams.

The con according to the invention acts statically structure like a skeleton construction made of beams, whereby there is no frame bending, since the surfaces prevent bending and the surfaces also create a stiffening parallel to the surface (surface structure).

Sound in the floor slab is reduced by the ribs (interference elements) on the floor slab and further reduced by rigid ring beams. The sound is then transmitted to the lower wall in a punctiform manner and is then disrupted by the ribs.

A self-supporting spatial construction is created from flat individual parts with all-round insulation, with external installation guidance and point-like, knot-like storage for high-rise buildings.

The construction is composed of individual parts (slabs, panes, slab beams), which is a quasi indirect, i.e. H. enable punctiform but rigid storage (to building structures) outside of these flat individual parts and their connection to spatial structures (rooms and sequences of rooms, in particular for human residence), whereby the separation of these individual parts into rooms (room sequences) building structures provides a functional separation of these individual parts , which allows a more precise selection of the material, the form and the production, as well as additional gaps for simple, safe, controllable pre- and disposal installations. The installations can be placed freely in the spaces between them and lie on the insulation layer, so that fastening of the lines, in particular insulating fastening, is not necessary.

The special design of the individual parts enables both indirect storage and complete space limitation, which results in an almost completely continuous separation of the individual rooms or room sequences in the building and thus increased sound and heat insulation. For the separation of the rooms or room sequences, two flat individual parts are used, which create the corresponding space limitation, whose smooth visible sides are finished for covering or painting, and whose non-smooth sides remain invisible in the building, since they face each other and for protection - and installation measures are available. Screed, ceiling plaster and wall plaster are eliminated. Furthermore, later isolation is not necessary.

The insulation introduced in the horizontal space between two spatial structures can be designed as combined heat and sound insulation of any thickness (resonating light individual particles), since this insulation layer is not stressed and is therefore compressed. In vertical spaces, it can be designed as a coherent mat with free, unloaded crushability. The quasi-indirect storage simplifies the load transfer outside of the spatial construction, uses high-quality materials, the properties of which are better exploited, larger load inputs are carried out directly, deflection-sensitive horizontal individual parts are relieved and deflections are thereby greatly reduced.

Hollow steel profiles or semi-open profiles can be used for the point-like storage and frame-like connection to high-rise structures, the connection of which is achieved with an inner concrete filling and outer concrete slab as well as with ring beams at the end of the profile in such a way that the profile is pierced at the appropriate points and straight or bent Monier steel is pushed through . The various cavities can be reinforced with Monier steel and then concreted, so that simple, safe precast anchoring can also be carried out. It is no longer necessary to weld on dowels.

Damped suspension anchors can be pulled between the individual spatial structures (to further secure thin flat individual parts) during assembly by means of extension ropes through the anchoring openings of the individual parts to be assembled later in a small distance, so that the suspension can be retrofitted after the load-bearing single part above is not required.

The delimitation of two adjacent rooms, which is separated into two individual parts, makes these parts lighter individually. Furthermore, connecting points are reduced and surface effects are increased.

A teaching can be used to bring about the point-like support of the supporting structure in the production of its individual parts, since the beams that are decisive for point-like storage (prefabricated reinforced concrete or hollow steel profiles) move and hold in the position that is accurate in terms of planning until this task is taken over by the hardened concrete of the slab. On this teaching, important markings and markings for further individual parts are attached, whereby corresponding coding can be used to identify markings that belong together. At the same time, the teaching is so strongly developed that it can also be used as a transport crossbar.

The construction according to the invention also permits a particularly simple static calculation. Furthermore, hardly any formwork is required for the in-situ concrete, in particular for the ring beams, since this is formed by insulating layers that are supported by components that are already in place (ceiling slab, floor slab) and by the end faces of floor slabs.

• Fig. 1 einen senkrechten Schnitt durch einen Teil eines Bauwerkes im Bereich des Fußbodens und der Decke an einer Stelle zwischen zwei Balken der Plattenbalken;
• Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach Fig. 1 durch die Balken der Plattenbalken unter Fortlassung der Dämmplatten;
• Fig. einen senkrechten Schnitt durch eine senkrechte, nicht tragende Zwischenwand im Bereich von Fußboden und Decke;
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entsprechend Fig. 3 durch eine nichttragende zweischalige Zwischenwand;
• Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch einen Plattenbalken im Bereich des Balkens längs diesem;
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt durch einen Platten balken quer zum Balken;
• Fig. einen horizontalen Schnitt durch zwei rechtwinklig zueinander gesetzte Wände mit Plattenbalken;
• Fig.8 die Lehre bzw. Transporttraverse mit befestigtem Plattenbalken und
• Fig. einen senkrechten Schnitt durch Dekkenplatte und Bodenplatte, während die Dekkenplatte herabgelassen wird.

Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it:

• Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a Part of a building in the area of the floor and the ceiling at a point between two beams of the slab beams;
• FIG. 2 shows a section according to FIG. 1 through the beams of the panel beams, leaving out the insulation panels;
• Fig. A vertical section through a vertical, non-load-bearing partition in the area of the floor and ceiling;
• FIG. 4 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3 through a non-load-bearing double-shell partition wall;
• 5 shows a section through a slab beam in the region of the beam along this;
• Figure 6 shows a section through a plate bar transversely to the bar.
• Fig. A horizontal section through two mutually perpendicular walls with slab beams;
• Fig.8 the teaching or transport traverse with attached plate beam and
• Fig. A vertical section through the ceiling plate and base plate, while the ceiling plate is lowered.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a part of the building at the level of a floor 1, 7a. The floor separates an upper room A from a lower room B. To room A there is room A ₁ and next to room B there is room B ₁ . Rooms A and A ₁ should not be separated from one another in terms of sound and / or heat. The same applies to rooms B and B ₁ . A sound and / or thermal separation should exist between rooms A and B and between rooms A _i and B _i as well as between A and B, and between A ₁ and B. The vertical middle wall 4 between A and A ₁ as well as between B and B ₁ may allow sound and heat to pass through, so that this wall can be a customary prefabricated component. The other vertical wall parts as well as the ceiling parts are constructed so that they have an insulating effect. They each consist of slab beams. The slab beams of the ceilings have a slab 1 made of concrete and beams 7a made of steel. The slab beams of the walls have slabs 3 made of concrete and beams or supports 7b made of steel. In Fig. 1 the cut is chosen so that between the beams 7a and supports 7b is cut parallel, so that they are not visible. In contrast, the section in FIG. 2 is at the level of the beams 7a and supports 7b.

In room A, not only the beams 7a and supports 7b of the walls and ceilings are fastened to one another, but also the plates 1, 3 are connected to one another. This is not harmful, since there is no need for sound and thermal separation within room A. In contrast, the walls and ceilings of room A are only connected to the walls and ceilings of room B by beams 7a and supports 7b, whereas the plates 1, room A and the plates 1, 3 of room B have no connection.

• Fig. 2 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt in Höhe der Balken 7a und Stützung 7b. Die linke Figurenhälfte zeigt die freie Auflagerung der beiden Balken 7a der horizontalen Plattenbalken auf einer höckerartigen Aufkragung 37 der unteren Mittelwand 4 durch zwischengelegtes dämmendes Kunststofflager 38, die Verankerung 11 der Balken 7a im Ringbalken und die freie Auflagerung der oberen tragenden Mittelwand 4 (einschalig) darauf unter Einfügung eines Kunststoffausgleichslagers 39. Die rechte Figurenhälfte zeigt die biegesteife Verbindung der Balken 7a mit den Stützen 7b sowie die Zwischenlagerung 28, 29 der Balken 7a während der Montage auf der Platte der abgehängten Decke 2 und die Zwischenlagerung 16 des oberen Wandelementes mit seiner Platte 3 auf der Platte 1 des horizontalen Plattenbalkens jeweils unter Zwischenfügung eines dämmenden Kunststoffausgleichslagers 16. Die Isolierungen sind hier nicht eingezeichnet. Durch eine Verankerung 26 ist die Decke 2 am Balken 7a des horizontalen Plattenbalkens abgehängt.
• Fig. zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt quer durch eine Zwischenwand 5 aus einer Platte ohne Stützen, die parallel zu den Balen 7a des horizontalen Plattenbalkens läuft. Es besteht ein monolithischer Verbund 24 zwischen der oberen Zwischenwand 5 mit den beiden Platten 1 des horizontalen Plattenbalkens. Der Verbund 24 berührt nicht den monolithischen Verbund 40 zwischen der unteren Zwischenwand 5 mit den Platten der abgehängten Decke 2.
• Fig. 4 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt quer durch eine zweischalige und damit schall- und wärmetechnisch geteilte Trennwand 7 ohne Balken, die parallel zu den Balken des horizontalen Plattenbalkens 1 (Fußbodenelement) läuft. Dargestellt ist der monolithische Verbund 25 der linken Schale der oberen Trennwand 6 mit der Platte des linken horizontalen Plattenbalkens 1 (Fußbodenelement), ebenso die rechte obere Schale 6 mit der rechten Platte 1 und der monolithische Verbund 41 der linken Platte der abgehängten Decke 2 (Deckenelement) mit der linken Schale der unteren Trennwand 6 sowie die rechte Platte 2 mit der rechten Schale unten.
• Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen vertikalen oder horizontalen Plattenbalken längs dem Balken 7a bzw. Stütze (Stahlhohlprofil). Dargestellt ist das Hohlprofil 7a mit Bohrungen 11 zum Durchführen des Monierstrahls 12 in den Stegbereichen 9, die der Betonplatte zugewandt sind, zum Verbund zwischen Platte und Profil 7a und im Endbereich quer zum Hohlprofil 7a zu dessen Verankerung im Ringbalken 8, 8a sowie die Schlaufenbewehrung 42 aus dem Beton im Hohlprofil 7a und die abgebogene Bewehrung 43 aus der Platte.
• Fig. 6 zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen (vertikalen oder horizontalen) Plattenbalken quer zum Balken 7a (Stahlhohlprofil). Dargestellt ist das Stahlhohlprofil mit der verbundenen Platte, der rechten und linken Voute (Schräge) 44 zur Aufnahme der einseitig aufgebogenen Steckbewehrung 12 durch die Bohrungen 11 des Hohlprofils 7a sowie der geraden Steckbewehrung 12 im Profilendbereich.
• Fig. 7 zeigt einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Ecke auszwei vertikalen Plattenbalken (!lVandelemente). Dargestellt sind zwei Plattenbalken mit verschiedenen Abständen zwischen den Stützen 7b (Maße a, b und c), seitliche Endmaße der Platte 3 (Maße d und e), die Isolierung 35,45 von Balken und Platte sowie die direkt an die Balkenisolierung 35 gelehnten Fassadenelemente 33. Das Beispiel der Fig. 7 zeigt die Platte ohne Vouten. Sie ist abhängig von den statischen Erfordernissen.
• Fig. 8 zeigt die Transporttraverse mit zwei Hubhaken 46 als Lehre 14 und der Beschriftung der Lehrenmarkierung 15 (in diesem Beispiel für die beiden Plattenbalken aus Fig. 7) und die zugehörige Vermaßung nach den Angaben der Fig. 8 (die Maße a, b, c, d und e).
• Fig. 9 zeigt einen horizontalen Plattenbalken (Fußbodenelement) während der Montage (Herablassen in seine Einbauposition, ohne Darstellung der Traverse, des Hubgerätes, der Isolierungen) sowie die Platten der abgehängten Decke 2 (Deckenelement), das auf Hilfsjochen 47 zur Montage zwischengelagert ist. Dargestellt ist, wie die Hängeanker 26 zum Anhängen der Deckenplatte 2 an die Balken 7a des horizontalen Plattenbalkens 1 (Fußbodenelement) beim Herablassen des Plattenbalkens über Verlängerungsseile 30 durch die Verankerungsöffnungen 31 des Plattenbalkens 1 hindurchgezogen werden. Dämmende Kunststoffauflager 29, 37 wurden vor der Montage an den Balken 7a befestigt.

There is a monolithic composite 8a for rooms A, A ₁ between the load-bearing upper middle wall 4 (single-shell) and the two panels 1 of the horizontal panel beams (floor elements). There is no stressful contact of the monolithic composite 36 (ring beam) with the two plates of the suspended ceiling 2 and the supporting lower middle wall 4. In the right half of the figure, the monolithic composite 8 (ring beam) can be seen between the plate 3 of the upper vertical plate beam 1 . There is no stressful contact between the slab of the suspended ceiling 2 (ceiling element) and the plate 3 of the lower slab beam (lower wall element). The heat insulation 27 above the suspended ceiling 2 is produced as additional combined sound and heat insulation in such individual pieces as are applied during the production of the individual parts or after assembly. The insulated space 34 between the plate 1 of the horizontal slab beam (floor element) and the suspended ceiling 2 is available for installations in building services systems. The ring beams 8, 8a are interrupted for bushings where necessary.

• Fig. 2 shows a vertical section at the level of the beams 7a and 7b support. The left half of the figure shows the free support of the two beams 7a of the horizontal slab beams on a cusp-like projection 37 of the lower middle wall 4 by interposed insulating plastic bearing 38, the anchoring 11 of the beams 7a in the ring beam and the free support of the upper load-bearing central wall 4 (single-shell) thereon with the insertion of a plastic compensation bearing 39. The right half of the figure shows the rigid connection of the beams 7a to the supports 7b and the intermediate storage 28, 29 of the beams 7a during assembly on the plate of the suspended ceiling 2 and the intermediate storage 16 of the upper wall element with its plate 3 on the plate 1 of the horizontal plate beam with the interposition of an insulating plastic compensation bearing 16. The insulation is not shown here. By anchoring 26, the ceiling 2 is suspended from the beam 7a of the horizontal slab.
• Fig. Shows a vertical section across an intermediate wall 5 of a plate without supports, which runs parallel to the bale 7a of the horizontal plate beam. There is a monolithic bond 24 between the upper partition 5 with the two plates 1 of the horizontal plate beam. The composite 24 does not touch the monolithic composite 40 between the lower partition 5 with the slabs of the suspended ceiling 2.
• Fig. 4 shows a vertical section transversely through a double-walled and thus sound and heat divided partition 7 without bars, which runs parallel to the bars of the horizontal slab 1 (floor element). The monolithic composite 25 of the left shell of the upper partition 6 with the plate is shown of the left horizontal plate beam 1 (floor element), as well as the right upper shell 6 with the right plate 1 and the monolithic composite 41 of the left plate of the suspended ceiling 2 (ceiling element) with the left shell of the lower partition 6 and the right plate 2 with the right bowl below.
• Fig. 5 shows a section through a vertical or horizontal plate beam along the beam 7a or support (hollow steel profile). Shown is the hollow profile 7a with bores 11 for passing the Monier beam 12 in the web areas 9 facing the concrete slab, for the bond between the plate and the profile 7a and in the end area transversely to the hollow profile 7a for anchoring it in the ring beam 8, 8a and the loop reinforcement 42 from the concrete in the hollow section 7a and the bent reinforcement 43 from the plate.
• Fig. 6 shows a section through a (vertical or horizontal) plate beam transverse to the beam 7a (hollow steel profile). The hollow steel profile is shown with the connected plate, the right and left haunch (slope) 44 for receiving the plug-in reinforcement 12 bent on one side through the bores 11 of the hollow profile 7a and the straight plug-in reinforcement 12 in the profile end area.
• Fig. 7 shows a horizontal section through a corner of two vertical slab beams (! 1Vandelemente). Shown are two plate beams with different distances between the supports 7b (dimensions a, b and c), lateral end dimensions of the plate 3 (dimensions d and e), the insulation 35, 45 of the beam and plate, and the facade elements leaning directly against the beam insulation 35 33. The example of FIG. 7 shows the plate without haunches. It depends on the structural requirements.
• FIG. 8 shows the transport traverse with two lifting hooks 46 as the gauge 14 and the inscription of the gauge mark 15 (in this example for the two plate beams from FIG. 7) and the associated dimensioning according to the details in FIG. 8 (dimensions a, b, c, d and e).
• Fig. 9 shows a horizontal slab beam (floor element) during assembly (lowering into its installation position, without showing the traverse, the lifting device, the insulation) and the slabs of the suspended ceiling 2 (ceiling element), which is temporarily stored on auxiliary yokes 47 for assembly. It is shown how the hanging anchors 26 for attaching the ceiling slab 2 to the beams 7a of the horizontal slab beam 1 (floor element) are pulled through the anchoring openings 31 of the slab beam 1 via extension cables 30 when the slab beam is lowered. Insulating plastic supports 29, 37 were attached to the beams 7a before assembly.

The slab beams (slab with monolithically connected beams) are formed from a pure concrete cross-section or a composite cross-section, the beams 7a and the supports 7b or disks on the supports each projecting in order to be connected to one another in the circumferential ring beams 8 to form the overall structure. The spacing and height of the beams and columns as well as the plate and pane thickness depend on the individual design of the building, the individual spans and loads.

A room or a sequence of rooms is delimited by different slab beam surfaces, which can be constructed differently, but at the points of contact, the beam and column spacing correspond. The beams, supports and slab beams can be made of wood, plastic or metal. Standard reinforced concrete prefabricated parts with connecting reinforcement for the slab are particularly advantageous (pure reinforced concrete cross-section) or hollow steel profiles or semi-open steel profiles (composite cross-section), whereby the composite is achieved rationally, clearly and simply by drilling through holes 11 through the webs 9 (mainly subjected to thrust) Parts) of the steel profile in the immediate vicinity of the pressed flange 10 (predominantly parts subjected to normal force) in sufficient numbers and at a required distance one-sided bent Monier steel 12 is inserted alternately and precisely with its straight end. In the case of horizontal hollow profiles 7a (bending beams), the hollow space 7b is concreted out as the inner concrete cross section of the composite cross section. The mutually bent and straight ends of the Monier steel 12 protruding from the beam run into the upper or lower continuous reinforcement 13 of the plate or disc of the composite cross section added in a further concreting process. The shear of the composite cross-section of the concrete and steel cross-section is thus absorbed by shear forces on the reinforcing steel and hole reveal forces in the steel profile. In the same way, thrust forces of the beam 7a or support 7b projecting beyond a plate or disc are absorbed, the bores 11 being distributed over the entire height of the steel profile cross section. The continuous Monier steel is at the same time the longitudinal reinforcement of the ring beam 8, which connects the beams and supports that meet there at the node-like points of contact (support). In the case of the vertical hollow steel profiles (supports), the composite reinforcement 12 is introduced in the same way, but the hollow cross section is not concreted out, but the concrete slab of the composite cross section is added first. When installing the vertical plate beam 3 (wall part), Monier steel 14 is passed as a connection by simply inserting it from above into the vertical steel hollow profile underneath, which is concreted up to about half the height, into the upper steel hollow profile through the ring beam. The inside of the upper half of the lower steel hollow section is then removed during the concreting process the ring beam is concreted, whereby part of the longitudinal beam reinforcement is guided through holes 11 over the entire height at the ends of the vertical hollow steel cross sections, just as in the case of the horizontal slab beam, and thus the normal forces from the steel cross section of the upper composite slab beam are guided via the ring beam 8 into the lower one. Simple in-situ reinforced concrete parts thus serve as connecting means for the composite panel beams at the node-like contact points. If the normal forces of the vertical hollow steel cross sections become so large that they can no longer be easily transferred into the concrete of the ring beam and from there into the hollow steel profile via perforation reveal pressure and shear forces, the hollow steel profiles must be provided with top and bottom plates at their locations cut out in the middle according to the hollow cross-section. When using pure reinforced concrete beams, the ring brackets with connecting irons take over the function of the hollow steel profile, with the longitudinal reinforcement of the reinforced concrete beams being bent at their ends in such a way that a rigid connection with the ring beam is achieved. Via openings (windows, doors) in the vertical Piattenbatken 3, the ring beam 8 is designed as a lintel or beam for receiving the loads from the horizontal plate beams and other components, as well as for taking up windows, shutters, ventilation and. Ä.

In order to be able to connect the horizontal and vertical slab beams to the entire structure at the few knot-like points of contact, high accuracy must exist with regard to the distances between the individual beams 7a and supports 7b, which can vary from field to field. For this purpose, the beams 7a and supports 7b are fastened to gauges 14 running transversely thereto during the production of the plate beams (screw or plug connection). During the concreting of the slab on vibrating tables, the beams or supports above are held immovably by the gauges. After the concrete has set and hardened, the gauges also serve as a crossbeam for turning and transporting the slab beams. Then they are used for the further production of the next slab beams, whereby - if a part is to be connected to the same knot-like contact points of the building - the beams or supports are attached to the same fixed holding devices of the gauge. The bars and supports are therefore necessarily the same distances apart. Inaccuracies in the plates are easier to accept. Different spacing sequences for the beams and supports can be marked on the same gauge if they are marked accordingly as a matching sequence (markings 15 by color, numbers). Likewise, the cable routing, openings and. Ä., including the associated holding devices.

The assembly takes place after transport with the cross-shaped gauges 14 for each slab beam element individually and finally. Simple screwable tabs serve as mounting brackets. A load-bearing inner or outer wall element (vertical plate beam) is temporarily stored with its plate on the plate of a floor element (horizontal plate beam) on a plastic-insulated washer 16 (FIG. 2). Since the ceiling plate 2, including an end-side projection 17 with horizontal insulation 18 lying on top and an insulation 19 fastened to the bottom plate 1 vertically below serves as the underside and inside of a formwork for the outer ring beam 8, two sides of the ring beam are already formed. The third outer side is closed by mobile outer formwork including the outer insulation 20 after inserting the ring beam reinforcement and the outer ring beam 8 is concreted with the subsequent half lower and upper hollow steel profiles 7a of the wall elements (vertical slab beams). The lower and upper wall elements and floor element are connected to each other and transfer the vertical loads there. Likewise, the plate 1 of the base element and the plate 3 of the upper wall element are incorporated in the ring beam 8 in a rigid manner, but not that of the ceiling element 2 and that of the lower wall element. These two latter are weakly rigid or freely rotatable connected by mandrel anchor 21 (Fig. 1) and remain separated from the ring beam 8 throughout. The ceiling element 2 forms, with an insulating intermediate layer 18, the lower formwork for the ring beam 8. The floor and wall elements of the upper floor are thus rigidly joined in the ring beam, which is only rigidly supported on the supports 7b of the wall element of the lower floor and rests thereon as supports . The same procedure is followed in an inner ring beam 8a above a load-bearing inner reinforced concrete wall pane 4, although the load-bearing inner wall pane can be single-shelled if it is not intended to separate from one another in rooms or sequences of rooms by insulation. By lateral gaps 22 between the plate 1 of the floor element and the wall plate 4, the inner ring beam 8a with connection reinforcement 11 (also the reinforcement of the wall plates 4) of all parts that meet there is locally concreted. The load-bearing wall elements (vertical slab beams) and wall panels 4 (single-shell reinforced concrete prefabricated parts) are thus clamped at the bottom and stand free. Non-loadbearing intermediate wall disks 5 are then hung and anchored in the loadbearing walls with their supports projecting above (not shown). They hang freely as separating elements and run down into a gap 23 between two adjacent plates 1 of the base element. Through these columns 23 are partition wall 5 and Plate 1 of the floor element is locally concreted in the area of its connecting reinforcements (connecting bar 24). Partition panels 6 are double-skinned without mutual anchoring and are connected at the bottom only on one side to the associated plate 1 of the floor element of the same room with in-situ concrete 25. Ceiling elements 2 are placed on load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls (if necessary, on additional auxiliary yokes), which, since they have no payload other than installation cables, consist of simple flat plates that protect the underside of the floor against fire, reduce weight and save material, as well as for thermal reasons can be made in gas concrete. Via hanging anchors 26, they can also be held as a suspended ceiling on the floor element 1, 7a located above, anchored laterally with spikes 21 in the supporting walls, which hold them freely rotatable at this point. The ceiling elements 2 can therefore be designed as thin plates. Should 2 loads be taken from the ceiling tiles, e.g. B. attached devices, the ceiling panels can be designed as slab beams. After laying the building services lines and preparations for insulation as underside formwork 18, 18a for the ring beams 8 to be attached above, the ceiling elements 2 are covered with granulated insulation material 27 for thermal insulation and conversion of sound energy. Insulation mats, in particular crushable mineral insulation mats, can also be used. On individual bump-like elevations 28 of the ceiling element in the edge area under the beams 7a of the floor element, the floor element is temporarily stored on plastic-insulated washers 29 for integration into the later ring beam 8. When the floor element is lowered, the suspension anchors 26 of the ceiling element 2 are extended with extension cables 30 through predetermined openings 31 in Threaded bottom element and released after pulling through the anchor 26. The anchors are firmly connected to the base element from above and the openings 31 in the plate 1 of the base element are closed. In the case of balconies and canopies, the beams 7a of the floor element run through the outer wall and are thermally insulated all the way to the required length. Reinforced concrete elements made of floor slab with parapet are put on and adapt to the insulation (floating storage). The lower layers are previously suspended with appropriate reinforced concrete, wood, metal, plastic elements and anchored upwards (suspended ceiling). The rear-ventilated facade 32 (FIG. 7) is also formed by hanging panes 33 between the window lines and held laterally by the outer window sill cladding.

The (attached) ceilings 2 no longer carry any payloads and can therefore be easily and exclusively adapted to the requirements for insulation. The floors 1, 7a are no longer burdened by additional dead weight in the form of floating screed. Corresponding costs are eliminated and the material is saved. By separating the ceiling element 2 and floor element, it is possible to produce the two visible surfaces perfectly and precisely for the immediate absorption of the paint or covering, while the facing sides of the two elements are left in the raw state and the simple absorption of heat and soundproofing layers serve, which remain completely unencumbered and thus achieve full effect at any time and can be executed almost without hesitation and sound and heat protection can be combined through loose fill or formation of crumple zones. Unintentional subsidence, for example from compressed floating screed, no longer occurs. The ceiling element increases fire protection compared to the underside of the underside of the floor. By splitting into the ceiling and floor element (the same applies to the vertical elements), additional spaces 34 are created in which the building services lines are to be laid out in an easily accessible manner, whereby rigid and damaging brackets can be avoided. The separation of the elements brings in addition to the associated separation of functions and the resulting more precise, more adaptable choice of material and shape, as well as the additional creation of gaps 34, the further advantage that the individual elements are easier due to material savings and division of tasks or larger with the same weight can be prefabricated (reduced joint formation).

The knot-like point storage outside the space-limited areas enables all protective measures to be carried out more comprehensively and effectively (with small spans, the static interaction of the slab and beams can be dispensed with and the slab can be stored indirectly on the beams as a further insulation measure). The load transfer can be tracked more precisely and easily by reducing the storage to points, which enables a safe and complete utilization of the material properties. This is supported by the mutually complementary effects of the slab and the beam or support, which in this construction are claimed in both vertical and horizontal directions in both surface directions, the beams or supports stiffening the thin plates and the slabs bracing the highly stressed beams. This is reinforced by the formation of a skeleton structure with a monolithic connection of the individual parts using in-situ concrete. This gives greater overall stability. The connections themselves are countered by the use of Monier steel in hollow cross sections considerably simplified and made more reliable with precast and steel construction connections. This also applies to the improvement of the bond between the steel profile and concrete through inserted monier steel.

With the introduction of gauges 14 (assembly traverses), the accuracy of the dimensions is increased during production and errors are kept to a minimum. The virtually arbitrary arrangement of the beams in the slab beams - albeit the same for a building cross-section - also makes it possible to directly intercept load entries from partition walls and openings and to relieve or even support deflection-sensitive horizontal elements. When the facade elements 33 are suspended, they are aligned by direct reference to the vertical strip insulation 35 of the beams of the vertical plate beams (wall elements) without further aids and kept at the desired distance from the rear ventilation.

Claims (13)

1. A structure with floors and watts which are formed by horizontal and vertical stab beams, characterized in that for sound and/or heat insulation of the rooms the horizontal slabs (1, 7a) and vertical slabs (3, 7b) between these rooms are secured to one another only by way of their beams (7a, 7b), and the slabs (1, 3) between the romms to be insulated are insulated from one another with respect to sound and heat by interposed insulating materials or cavities.

2. A structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the walls and/or floors consist of two concrete slabs, the uneven sides of both slabs facing one another.

3. A structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that he slabs (1) and beams (7a) of the horizontal slab beam of romms, which are not insulated from one another with respect to sound and heat, a are secured to the slabs (3) and uprights (7b) of the vertical slab beams and in particular to the other walls of the said room by way of ring beams (8, 8a, 24, 25) of in situ concrete.

4. A structure according to Claim 3, characterized in that in the area of the connexion points the slabs (1, 3) of the slab beams form a gap (22) between them, which is filled by one area of the ring beam (8, 8a) and through which the in situ concrete may be poured.

5. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bemas (7a) and uprights (7b) of the slab beams project laterally beyound their slabs at least on one side.

6. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the beams (7a) and the uprights (7b) of the slab beams consist of hollow sections or half-open sections which are grouted with concrete depending upon use.

7. A structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that at the connexion point between two or more beams (7a) and/or uprights (7b) of the slab beams reinforcement bars (14, 42) are inserted into the hollow beams and/or uprights parallel on their front sides to the longitudinal axis of the beams and they each extend into the inside of the beams and/or uprights, and not only the inside of the beams and/or uprights but also the interspace between the front faces of the beams and/or uprights are grouted with concrete.

8. A structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement bars (12) of the ring beams (8, 8a) and the slabs (1, 3) of the slab beams penetrate the beams (7a) and/or uprights (7b) without interruption, in particular by way of haunches (44), transversely through bores (11).

9. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the beams (7a) and uprights (7b) of the slab beams are held during manufacture by templates (14) to fit accurately at pre-determined markings (15) and are thus forcibly adjusted and the said templates (14) are used as reinforcing support girders for transportation after completion of the slab beam.

10. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ceiling slabs (2), which confine a room at its top, are prefabricated on the room side as finished parts of reinforced concrete, wood, metal etc. in such a way that they need not be further treated or need only be treated by pasting, covering, painting or other surface treatment in order for the said room to be utilized and they rest only on elements of the said room and are suspended on support elements of a superjacent room, in particular by way of insulating suspension stays (26).

11. A structure according to Claim 10, characterized in that the suspension stays (26) of the ceiling slabs (2) are drawn through recesses (31) in the superjacent horizontal surface support element for suspension with dismountable, re-usable extension elements (30).

12. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that insulating material (18a, 19, 27) for sound and/or heat insulation of superimposed rooms is provided in the interspace (34) between the floor slab (1) of the upper room and the ceiling slab (2) of the lower room and on the mutually facing sides of both slabs and acts a form forthe ring beams (8, 8a).

13. A structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ceiling slab (2) has an edging (17) beneath an outer ring beam (8), on which [edging] an insulating layer (18) rests and acts as a form for the underside of the ring beam (8) for insulation from superjacent components and on which superjacent horizontal slab beams (1, 7a) are interposed during assembly by way of intermediate supports (28).

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