EA005639B1 - Носитель записи и устройство для сканирования носителя записи - Google Patents
Носитель записи и устройство для сканирования носителя записи Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EA005639B1 EA005639B1 EA200400133A EA200400133A EA005639B1 EA 005639 B1 EA005639 B1 EA 005639B1 EA 200400133 A EA200400133 A EA 200400133A EA 200400133 A EA200400133 A EA 200400133A EA 005639 B1 EA005639 B1 EA 005639B1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modulated
- change
- frequency
- recording medium
- sections
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003094 perturbing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
- G11B20/10481—Improvement or modification of read or write signals optimisation methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/24—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track ; sensing signals or marks recorded by another method than the main recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/30—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording
- G11B27/3027—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording used signal is digitally coded
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
- G11B7/00745—Sectoring or header formats within a track
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/2407—Tracks or pits; Shape, structure or physical properties thereof
- G11B7/24073—Tracks
- G11B7/24082—Meandering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
- G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
- G11B2220/216—Rewritable discs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
- G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
- G11B2220/218—Write-once discs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2525—Magneto-optical [MO] discs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
- G11B2220/2545—CDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)
- Moving Of The Head To Find And Align With The Track (AREA)
- Adjustment Of The Magnetic Head Position Track Following On Tapes (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01202545 | 2001-07-02 | ||
| PCT/IB2002/002736 WO2003005350A1 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2002-06-27 | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EA200400133A1 EA200400133A1 (ru) | 2004-04-29 |
| EA005639B1 true EA005639B1 (ru) | 2005-04-28 |
Family
ID=8180582
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EA200400133A EA005639B1 (ru) | 2001-07-02 | 2002-06-27 | Носитель записи и устройство для сканирования носителя записи |
Country Status (25)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7274627B2 (enExample) |
| EP (2) | EP1405306B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP4490686B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100900733B1 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN100370525C (enExample) |
| AR (1) | AR034683A1 (enExample) |
| AT (2) | ATE441180T1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0205695B1 (enExample) |
| CO (1) | CO5550510A2 (enExample) |
| CY (2) | CY1109643T1 (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE60233498D1 (enExample) |
| DK (2) | DK1926093T3 (enExample) |
| EA (1) | EA005639B1 (enExample) |
| EG (1) | EG23269A (enExample) |
| ES (2) | ES2331873T3 (enExample) |
| HR (1) | HRP20030143B1 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL159668A0 (enExample) |
| MA (1) | MA26205A1 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03001745A (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY149315A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO20030927L (enExample) |
| PT (2) | PT1926093E (enExample) |
| TN (1) | TNSN03009A1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI233607B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2003005350A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003005350A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
| JP4652641B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2011-03-16 | ソニー株式会社 | ディスク記録媒体、ディスクドライブ装置、再生方法 |
| JP3789423B2 (ja) | 2001-11-17 | 2006-06-21 | エルジー電子株式会社 | 光ディスクに記録されるウォブル信号をエンコーディングする装置及び方法と、その光ディスクで読み出されたウォブル信号をデコーディングする装置及び方法 |
| TWI298156B (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2008-06-21 | Tian Holdings Llc | Discrimination method for light storage device |
| CN100377219C (zh) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-03-26 | 上海乐金广电电子有限公司 | 光盘抖动信号的调制解调装置及方法 |
| EP1489611A1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2004-12-22 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Wobble demodulation for high density optical recording media |
| EP1489612B1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2017-05-03 | Thomson Licensing | Wobble demodulation for high density optical recording media |
| CN100412972C (zh) | 2003-09-15 | 2008-08-20 | 宇田控股有限公司 | 光盘片格式的辨识方法 |
| DE10345950A1 (de) | 2003-10-02 | 2005-05-19 | Pari GmbH Spezialisten für effektive Inhalation | Inhalationstherapievorrichtung mit Ventil |
| US20050226114A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Stanley Liow | Method and apparatus for generating absolute time in pregroove data |
| JP4114605B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-24 | 2008-07-09 | ソニー株式会社 | 情報処理装置、情報記録媒体、および情報処理方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム |
| US7746745B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2010-06-29 | Ricky Chang | Method for determining the type of digital versatile disc |
| US7626907B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2009-12-01 | Ricky Chang | Method and apparatus for determining type of digital versatile disc |
| BRPI0418819A (pt) * | 2004-05-25 | 2007-11-13 | Via Tech Inc | método e aparelho para determinar o tipo de um disco digital versátil |
| US7570561B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2009-08-04 | Bryan Tai | Method for determining type of digital versatile discs |
| US7161753B2 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2007-01-09 | Komag, Inc. | Modulation of sidewalls of servo sectors of a magnetic disk and the resultant disk |
| FR2898226B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | Excem Soc Par Actions Simplifi | Dispositif d'emission electroluminescent pour la transmission optique en espace libre |
| FR2907272B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-12-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de gestion de la fin de decharge d'une batterie rechargeable |
| TWI347596B (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Optical recording carrier, signal generating apparatus, information recording method, and information reading apparatus |
| JPWO2012063326A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-05-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 情報記録媒体、情報再生装置及び情報記録装置 |
| US8582405B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-11-12 | Oracle International Corporation | Matched pattern signal decoding |
| KR102727159B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-09 | 2024-11-12 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 패턴 기반 복조 방식의 백스캐터 통신 방법 및 장치 |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57158057A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-09-29 | Sony Corp | Correcting method for wow and flutter |
| NL8800151A (nl) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-08-16 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het optekenen van een informatiesignaal. |
| NL8800152A (nl) | 1988-01-22 | 1989-08-16 | Philips Nv | Optische uitleesbare registratiedrager van het beschrijfbare type, een inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke registratiedrager, en inrichtingen voor het optekenen en/of uitlezen van informatie op/uit een dergelijke registratiedrager. |
| US5363360A (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1994-11-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for detecting and processing synchronization marks extracted from a prerecorded wobbled groove on a compact disk |
| JPH1069646A (ja) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-03-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光ディスク媒体、光ディスク装置 |
| EP0882293B1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2004-04-21 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Writing device, record carrier and method of writing information blocks, and reading device for reading information blocks |
| JPH10208249A (ja) | 1997-01-21 | 1998-08-07 | Sony Corp | 光ディスク |
| CN1204120A (zh) * | 1997-05-08 | 1999-01-06 | 索尼株式会社 | 频率解调电路、光盘装置和预格式化装置 |
| US6310838B1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2001-10-30 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
| JP3339436B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-08 | 2002-10-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 連続鋳造用モールドパウダ |
| EP1066628B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2003-11-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
| JP4099914B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2008-06-11 | ソニー株式会社 | 光ディスク及び光ディスク装置 |
| JP2001338421A (ja) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-12-07 | Sony Corp | ディスクドライブ装置、ウォブル情報生成方法 |
| BRPI0108205B1 (pt) * | 2000-12-11 | 2015-04-14 | Konink Philips Eletronics N V | Portador de registro do tipo em forma de disco opticamente inscritível, e, dispositivo para registro e/ou reprodução de um portador de registro do tipo inscritível |
| JP2002237096A (ja) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-23 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光記録媒体 |
| JP5175413B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-12 | 2013-04-03 | ソニー株式会社 | ディスク記録媒体、再生装置、記録装置 |
| TWI229854B (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2005-03-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
| KR100727916B1 (ko) * | 2001-05-02 | 2007-06-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광디스크 |
| KR100408285B1 (ko) * | 2001-05-24 | 2003-12-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 다중-변조된 헤더 신호가 기록된 광 기록매체, 그 헤더신호 기록방법, 기록장치, 재생방법 및 재생장치 |
| WO2003005350A1 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier |
| CN101231874B (zh) * | 2001-10-15 | 2011-07-06 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 记录载体和用于扫描该记录载体的装置 |
| JP4121264B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-16 | 2008-07-23 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | ディスクドライブ装置及びウォブル情報検出方法 |
| JP3789423B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-17 | 2006-06-21 | エルジー電子株式会社 | 光ディスクに記録されるウォブル信号をエンコーディングする装置及び方法と、その光ディスクで読み出されたウォブル信号をデコーディングする装置及び方法 |
| WO2004107344A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Bit synchronization detection means |
-
2002
- 2002-06-27 WO PCT/IB2002/002736 patent/WO2003005350A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-06-27 JP JP2003511236A patent/JP4490686B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 PT PT08100910T patent/PT1926093E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-27 AT AT02743520T patent/ATE441180T1/de active
- 2002-06-27 EP EP02743520A patent/EP1405306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 PT PT02743520T patent/PT1405306E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-27 MX MXPA03001745A patent/MXPA03001745A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-27 ES ES02743520T patent/ES2331873T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 TN TNPCT/IB2002/002736A patent/TNSN03009A1/en unknown
- 2002-06-27 EA EA200400133A patent/EA005639B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-27 KR KR1020037002917A patent/KR100900733B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 DE DE60233498T patent/DE60233498D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 IL IL15966802A patent/IL159668A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-27 BR BRPI0205695-0A patent/BRPI0205695B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-27 EP EP08100910A patent/EP1926093B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 DK DK08100910.2T patent/DK1926093T3/da active
- 2002-06-27 HR HR20030143A patent/HRP20030143B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-27 AT AT08100910T patent/ATE474314T1/de active
- 2002-06-27 DK DK02743520T patent/DK1405306T3/da active
- 2002-06-27 ES ES08100910T patent/ES2348846T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 CN CNB028132734A patent/CN100370525C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 US US10/481,143 patent/US7274627B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-27 CN CN2007100063439A patent/CN101025989B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-27 DE DE60237051T patent/DE60237051D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-01 MY MYPI20022483A patent/MY149315A/en unknown
- 2002-07-01 EG EG2002070765A patent/EG23269A/xx active
- 2002-07-02 AR ARP020102486A patent/AR034683A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-26 TW TW091119243A patent/TWI233607B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-02-27 NO NO20030927A patent/NO20030927L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-28 CO CO03105190A patent/CO5550510A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-01-02 MA MA27471A patent/MA26205A1/fr unknown
-
2007
- 2007-08-27 US US11/845,140 patent/US8644119B2/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-09-17 JP JP2009215539A patent/JP4649528B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-25 CY CY20091101217T patent/CY1109643T1/el unknown
-
2010
- 2010-10-06 CY CY20101100889T patent/CY1110818T1/el unknown
-
2013
- 2013-12-30 US US14/143,073 patent/US9449642B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8644119B2 (en) | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier | |
| JP5134672B2 (ja) | 記録担体及び記録担体を走査するための装置 | |
| US4238843A (en) | Disc-shaped optically readable record carrier used as a data storage medium | |
| US7668062B2 (en) | Disk recording medium, disk production method, disk drive apparatus | |
| US6097695A (en) | Optical disk with a groove for defining serial data modulated into a signal using modulation processing | |
| JP3104222B2 (ja) | 光ディスク装置 | |
| JP2004534346A5 (enExample) | ||
| EA005694B1 (ru) | Носитель записи и устройство для сканирования носителя записи | |
| CN100592398C (zh) | 记录载体及用于扫描该记录载体的设备 | |
| JPH05314664A (ja) | 情報記録媒体、情報記録再生方法並びに情報記録再生装置 | |
| JP3210608B2 (ja) | 光ディスク及び光ディスク装置 | |
| KR100879311B1 (ko) | 기록매체와 기록매체 주사장치 | |
| HK1064206B (en) | Record carrier and apparatus for scanning the record carrier | |
| JP2000348352A (ja) | 光ディスクの製造方法、光ディスク及び光ディスク装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): AM KZ KG MD TJ TM |
|
| MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): AZ BY |