DE711560C - Oxydationsfeste Mineralschmieroelmischung - Google Patents
Oxydationsfeste MineralschmieroelmischungInfo
- Publication number
- DE711560C DE711560C DEST52950D DEST052950D DE711560C DE 711560 C DE711560 C DE 711560C DE ST52950 D DEST52950 D DE ST52950D DE ST052950 D DEST052950 D DE ST052950D DE 711560 C DE711560 C DE 711560C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oxidation
- lubricating oil
- mineral lubricating
- oil mixture
- aromatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2227/081—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds with a metal carbon bond belonging to a ring, e.g. ferocene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2227/083—Sn compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2290/00—Mixtures of base materials or thickeners or additives
- C10M2290/02—Mineral base oils; Mixtures of fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
- C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sieh auf eine Verbesserung hoahraffinierter paraffinischer
Schmieröle. Das Ziel der Verbesserung besteht darin, diese Schmieröle gegen die Oxydation
bei hohen Temperaturen, in denen sie verwendet werden, zu schützen.
Es ist bekannt, daß besonders ihochraffinierte
par affini sehe öle zur .Oxydation in
höherem Grade neigen als die Rohöle, aus
•o denen sie hergestellt sind. Die Oxydation
macht sich besonders bei Verwendung der Öle unter hohen Temperaturen, z. B. um 2000,
störend bemerkbar, z. B. bei den Schmierölen in Maschinen mit innerer Verbrennung, wie
'5 in den Kurbelgehäusen und den Zylindern von Verbrennungsmotoren.
Es ist an sich bekannt, Kohlenwasserstoffen und anderen organischen, der Gefahr
der Oxydation ausgesetzten Körpern oxydationshindernde Zusätze zu machen, um sie
bei ihrer Aufbewahrung bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur gegen Sauerstoffaufnahme zu sohützen.
Als solche sind z. B. Körper vom Phenol-
»5 oder Naphtholtypus und ihre Alkylverbindungen
bekannt, wie o- und m-Kresol, a- und ^-Naphthol, Phenole und Kresole, PoIyphenole
und -kresole, wie Hydrochinon, Resorcin und Pyrogallol. Auch solche Phenol- und Naphtholderivate sind brauchbar, bei
denen der Alkylrest eine größere Anzahl Kohlenstoffatome enthält, wie Butyl oder
Amyl.
Eine andere Klasse von Oxydationsbehinderern sind die aromatischen Amine, ferner
sind auch noch Verbindungen brauchbar, die den oben aufgeführten Oxoverbindungen
entsprechen, und in denen die Hydroxylgruppe durch die Aminogruppe ersetzt ist.
Ebenfalls als Oxydationsbehinderer -sind bekannt: Aromatische Mercaptane, darunter
α- und /S-Naphthylmercaptane, auch aromatische Disulfide und Polysulfide, ζ. B. Kresyl-
oder Naphthyldi- oder -polysulfide. Letztere entsprechen den Formeln
R' — S R'
■ I und >S — Sx,
R — S R
R — S R
in denen R' die aromatische Gruppe, R eine aromatische oder aliphatische Gruppe darstellt
und χ die Zahl 2 oder mehr.
Ein eingehendes Studium der. Oxydationsbehinderer hat gezeigt, daß jeder dieser
Stoffe sein bestimmtes Temperaturgebiet hat, in dem er oxydationshindernd wirkt. Es
wurde beobachtet, daß, wenn die Temperatur die obere Wirkungsgrenze auch nur um
einige Grade überschreitet, die Verbindung oft ihre Wirkung so gut wie ganz verliert 6<i
bzw. wirkungslos wird. Die Abgrenzung der Wirkungstemperatur ist so· scharf, daß
unter Umständen schon eine Steigerung der Temperatur um io bis 250 genügt, um die
Wirkung des Oxydationsbehinderers zu zerstören.
Es wurde nun festgestellt, daß die zahl1 reichen \Orgeschlagenen, bei gewöhnlicher
Temperatur gut wirksamen Oxydationsbehinderer, wie sie z. B. zur Haltbarmachung von
Gasolinen, Fetten, fetten Ölen u. dgl. vorgeschlagen sind, fast ausnahmslos versagen,
sobald sie für hochraffmierte Schmieröle, die bei hohen Temperaturen benutzt werden, als
»5 oxydationsbehindernder Zusatz verwendet werden. So sind z. B. die bei gewöhnlicher
Temperatur recht wirksamen Oxydations-.
behinderer der Kresolklasse praktisch wirkungslos, sobald die Temperatur über etwa
ao 1750 steigt. Bei 150 bis 1750 leisten diese
Stoffe im wesentlichen noch das gleiche wie bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur, über 1750 dagegen
läßt der Schutz sehr schnell nach, und bei 2oo° ist praktisch ein Schutz gegen Oxy-
«5 dation gar nicht mehr festzustellen.
Es wurde die Sauer stoff auf nähme in einem
hochraffinierten paraffinischen Schmieröl festgestellt, dem ein Zusatz von 1 °/o Hexylphenol
gemacht war. Die Sauerstoffaufnähme wurde von Viertel- zu Viertelstunde
durch Probeentnahme festgestellt und betrug in der ersten bis vierten Viertelstunde bei
1750 1,6 bzw. 0,2 bzw. 4,8 bzw. 154,0, bei
200° nahm das gleiche Öl in jeder Viertelstunde 200 ecm Sauerstoff auf. Diese Zahlen
zeigen, daß in diesem Fall bei etwa 1750 die äußerste Grenze für den Schutz liegt,
den diese Phenolverbindung zu gewähren imstande ist.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die Einführung eines" Schwefel-, Selen- oder Telluratoms
in die Arylgruppe dieser Verbindung diese bedeutend beständiger gegen hohe Temperaturen
macht. Diese Schwefel-, Selenoder Telluratome werden dabei unmittelbar au den Ring in Ätherbindung angeschlossen,
wobei sie einerseits mit der aromatischen substituierten Gruppe und andererseits mit
einer ähnlichen substituierten oder auch nichtsubstituierten, am besten einer aliphatischen
Gruppe mit kurzer Kette verbunden sind.
Im folgenden werden einige Strukturformein für den Typus der in Frage kommenden
Verbindungen angegeben. Die Stellung der stabilisierenden Schwefelatome zu den Oxy-
und anderen aktiven Gruppen des Oxydationsbehinderers ist nicht von ausschlaggebender
Wichtigkeit. Die Beispiele lassen sich noch bedeutend vermehren. Gemeinsam ist überall
die Vereinigung des stabilisierenden Schwefel-, Selen- oder Telluratoms mit der oxydationsverhindernden Gruppe in einer 9<Verbindung.
Vorzuziehen ist es, wenn sich beide Gruppen in demselben mono- oder polycyclischen
Rest, am besten sogar im gleichen Ring befinden.
CH,
CH,
OH
-OH
S-CnH-,
S-C4H9
NH1 OH
NH0
S-C3H7
OH
S-C3H7 NH0
QH,
CH3
— C„ ΗΝ
/
S-S-
C1H,
S '
C1H,
S - C4H,,
O
C2H, iao
OH
OH
SH
S-C2H5
I
S — C4Ho
to Unter diesen Verbindungen haben sich die als besonders brauchbar gezeigt, bei denen
die oxydationsverihindern.de Gruppe Hydroxyl ist und ein aliphatischer Rest mit kurzer
Kette an die aromatische Gruppe .durch Schwefel in Ätherbindung angeschlossen ist.
Für die oxydationshindernde Wirkung des
erfindungsgemäßen Zusatzes werden folgende Zahlen gegeben. Das in dem obigen Beispiel
gleich hochraffinierte paraffinische Öl wurde mit 0,1 °/o p-Oxyphenyil-n-amylsulfid versetzt
und die Sauerstoff auf nähme in viertelstündigen
Abständen sechsmal festgestellt. Bei 175° ergaben sich folgende Zahlen: 2; o; 2;
0; o; 0; bei 2000: 5: 7; 6; 11; 8; 17. Es er-
ag gibt sich also, daß ein derartiger Schwefel
in Ätherbindung enthaltender Zusatz gemäß Erfindung außerordentlich wirksam sogar noch
bei 2oo° ist. Es ist anzunehmen, daß für den Oxydationsschutz nicht die Sulfidgruppe,
sondern die Hydroxylgruppe entscheidend ist, daß aber die Sulfidgruppe vorwiegend die
Beständigkeit der zugesetzten Verbindung bei hohen Temperaturen herbeiführt. So wirkt z.B. ein Zusatz von 0,1% Äthylenphenylsulfid
zu dem gleichen Öl überhaupt nicht oxydationsschützend. Bei 2000 wurden
in der ersten und zweiten Viertelstunde bereits und 300 ecm Sauerstoff aufgenommen.
Claims (2)
- Patentansprüche:i. Oxydationsfeste Mineralschmierölmischung zur Verwendung bei hohen Temperaturen, gekennzeichnet durch den Gehalt einer öllösliehen, aromatischen, ein- oder mehrkernigen Verbindung, deren Kern oxydationshemmende Oxy-, Amino-, S H-, Di- oder Polysulfidgruppen als Substituenten aufweist, und bei der andere aromatischeoder aliphatische Grup-" pen mit kurzer Kette an den Kern durch Schwefel (Selen, Tellur) in Ätherbindung angeschlossen sind.
- 2. Mineralschmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Verwendung einer mehrkernigen Verbindung die oxydationshemmenden und die ätherbildenden Gruppen an dem gleichen Kern angeschlossen sind.BERLIN. GEDRUCKT IK DER
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US442161XA | 1933-12-27 | 1933-12-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE711560C true DE711560C (de) | 1941-10-07 |
Family
ID=21931119
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEST52950D Expired DE711560C (de) | 1933-12-27 | 1934-12-20 | Oxydationsfeste Mineralschmieroelmischung |
DE1936703239D Expired DE703239C (de) | 1933-12-27 | 1936-11-17 | Schmieroele |
DE1937ST056097 Expired DE703240C (de) | 1933-12-27 | 1937-04-18 | Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1936703239D Expired DE703239C (de) | 1933-12-27 | 1936-11-17 | Schmieroele |
DE1937ST056097 Expired DE703240C (de) | 1933-12-27 | 1937-04-18 | Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US2085045A (de) |
DE (3) | DE711560C (de) |
FR (4) | FR776899A (de) |
GB (3) | GB442161A (de) |
NL (2) | NL46344C (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE917636C (de) * | 1952-04-24 | 1954-09-09 | Bayer Ag | Schmierstoffzusatzmittel |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2451037A (en) * | 1941-05-13 | 1948-10-12 | Texas Co | Lubricating oil |
US2438468A (en) * | 1942-12-31 | 1948-03-23 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Oil composition |
US2448037A (en) * | 1944-12-08 | 1948-08-31 | Lubri Zol Dev Corp | Lubricating compositions |
US2463429A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-03-01 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2473510A (en) * | 1945-02-21 | 1949-06-21 | California Research Corp | Stabilization of organic substances |
US2473511A (en) * | 1945-05-07 | 1949-06-21 | California Research Corp | Mineral oil compositions and the like |
US2528346A (en) * | 1945-06-04 | 1950-10-31 | California Research Corp | Lubricant compositions containing dialkyl diselenides |
US2595161A (en) * | 1950-05-24 | 1952-04-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating composition |
GB757241A (en) * | 1953-09-17 | 1956-09-19 | Wakefield & Co Ltd C C | Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions |
US2885425A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1959-05-05 | Du Pont | Stabilization of organic isocyanates |
US2885420A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1959-05-05 | Du Pont | Stabilization of organic isocyanates |
US2981604A (en) * | 1957-10-10 | 1961-04-25 | Cabot Corp | Channel carbon black process employing oil enrichment |
US3267033A (en) * | 1963-04-15 | 1966-08-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricating composition having desirable frictional characteristics |
US3311590A (en) * | 1963-09-20 | 1967-03-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Epoxy resin having high dielectric loss factor |
US3326800A (en) * | 1964-11-04 | 1967-06-20 | Ethyl Corp | Organic material stabilized with sterically hindered 4, 4'-thiobis phenols |
US4049562A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1977-09-20 | Chevron Research Company | Extreme pressure lubricant compositions |
US4049561A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1977-09-20 | Chevron Research Company | Lubricant compositions |
US4380497A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1983-04-19 | Uop Inc. | Amines of alkoxydiphenyl esthers as antioxidants and lubricating oils and greases containing same |
US4386002A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1983-05-31 | Uop Inc. | Imines of aminodiphenyl esthers as antioxidants and lubricating oils and greases containing same |
FR2548586B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-08 | 1986-02-07 | Saint Gobain Isover | Procede et dispositif de traitement thermique de materiaux isolants |
US10119093B2 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Composition and method for preventing or reducing engine knock and pre-ignition in high compression spark ignition engines |
-
1933
- 1933-12-27 US US704131A patent/US2085045A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1934
- 1934-08-03 GB GB22667/34A patent/GB442161A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-08-07 FR FR776899D patent/FR776899A/fr not_active Expired
- 1934-12-20 DE DEST52950D patent/DE711560C/de not_active Expired
-
1935
- 1935-11-27 US US51827A patent/US2139766A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1936
- 1936-05-08 US US78645A patent/US2158668A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-05-19 GB GB14210/36A patent/GB463763A/en not_active Expired
- 1936-05-26 NL NL77937A patent/NL46344C/xx active
- 1936-06-03 FR FR47456D patent/FR47456E/fr not_active Expired
- 1936-11-17 DE DE1936703239D patent/DE703239C/de not_active Expired
-
1937
- 1937-03-18 GB GB7995/37A patent/GB495869A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-04-01 NL NL81903A patent/NL49350C/xx active
- 1937-04-03 FR FR820262D patent/FR820262A/fr not_active Expired
- 1937-04-03 US US134900A patent/US2216752A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-04-18 DE DE1937ST056097 patent/DE703240C/de not_active Expired
-
1938
- 1938-02-19 FR FR49194D patent/FR49194E/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE917636C (de) * | 1952-04-24 | 1954-09-09 | Bayer Ag | Schmierstoffzusatzmittel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL46344C (de) | 1939-03-15 |
DE703239C (de) | 1941-03-04 |
GB463763A (en) | 1937-04-06 |
US2085045A (en) | 1937-06-29 |
US2139766A (en) | 1938-12-13 |
FR776899A (fr) | 1935-02-05 |
US2158668A (en) | 1939-05-16 |
FR47456E (fr) | 1937-05-25 |
NL49350C (de) | 1940-05-15 |
FR49194E (de) | 1938-11-28 |
GB495869A (en) | 1938-11-18 |
US2216752A (en) | 1940-10-08 |
DE703240C (de) | 1941-03-04 |
GB442161A (en) | 1936-02-03 |
FR820262A (fr) | 1937-11-08 |
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