DE703240C - Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele - Google Patents

Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele

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Publication number
DE703240C
DE703240C DE1937ST056097 DEST056097D DE703240C DE 703240 C DE703240 C DE 703240C DE 1937ST056097 DE1937ST056097 DE 1937ST056097 DE ST056097 D DEST056097 D DE ST056097D DE 703240 C DE703240 C DE 703240C
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
oil
oxidation
lubricating oils
oils
resistant lubricating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1937ST056097
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raphael Rosen
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Standard Oil Development Co
Original Assignee
Standard Oil Development Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of DE703240C publication Critical patent/DE703240C/de
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    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Description

DEUTSCHES REICH
AUSGEGEBEN AM
4. MÄRZ 1941
REICHSPATENTAMT
PATENTSCHRIFT
KLASSE 23 c GRUPPE
St 56097 IVdJ23 c
Raphael Rosen in Elizabeth, New Jersey, V. St. A.,
ist als Erfinder genannt worden.
Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 18. April 1937 ab Patenterteilung bekanntgemacht am 30. Januar 1941
ist in Anspruch genommen
Es ist bekannt, daß sich Schmieröle beim Gebrauch durch Oxydation verändern, insbesondere durch Einwirkung von Luft bei höheren Temperaturen, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Schmierung von Verbrennungsmotoren auftreten. Man hat daher bereits Schmieröle dadurch zu verbessern versucht, daß man ihnen Oxydationsverhinderer zusetzt.
Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, daß diese Oxydationsverhinderer in mindestens zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden müssen. Die eine Gruppe, zu der beispielsweise a-Naphthol gehört, ist bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur und auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen bis hinauf zu etwa 90 bis 1500 wirksam. Oberhalb dieser Temperaturgrenze verliert sie aber ihre Wirksamkeit, so daß das Öl sich also ebenso verhält wie eines, dem kein Oxydationsverhinderer zugesetzt wird. Es wird dann also in Gegenwart von Luft, Feuchtigkeit und Metall angegriffen. Die genannte Gruppe von Oxydationsverhinderern ist daher zwar für die Verbesserung solcher öle, ζ. B. von Turbinenschmierölen, geeignet, die keinen Temperaturen oberhalb 1500 ausgesetzt werden, nicht aber für die Verbesserung von Schmierölen für Verbrennungsmotoren, bei denen das Öl in der Nähe der Verbrennungszone einer Temperatur von 230 bis 2600 oder noch mehr ausgesetzt ist.
Eine andere Gruppe von Oxydationsverhinderern ist zwar bei höheren Temperaturen, insbesondere solchen von etwa 200 bis 2600, wirksam, dagegen nicht oder weniger wirksam bei tieferen Temperaturen. Stoffe dieser Art kommen daher für die Verbesserung von Motorenschmierölen, insbesondere auch
solchen für Flugzeugmotoren, in Frage, doch zeigt es sich, daß ihre Wirkung nicht über längere Zeiträume anhält.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß Oxydations-Verhinderer der zuletzt genannten Art, die mindestens eines der Elemente Sauerstoff, Schwefel. Selen, Tellur enthalten, dadurch wesentlich verbessert werden können, daß man sie zusammen mit öllöslichen, metallorganischen Verbindungen von Wismut, Antimon oder Zinn verwendet.
Geeignete Oxydationsverhinderer sind hoch-
siedende organische Verbindungen, die in Mineralölen löslich sind und die der Formel R — X„ — R' entsprechen. In dieser Formel können R und R' aliphatische oder cyclische, z. B. naphthenische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen oder auch heterocyclische Gruppen sein. Diese Gruppen können auch anorganische Gruppen enthalten. X bedeutet in der genannten Formel Sauerstoff, Schwefel, Selen oder Tellur, η ist eine ganze Zahl, in der Regel 1 bis 4. Die Gruppe X„ kann also beispielsweise sein
—, — S — S—,— S — S— S—, — S — S — S-- S —,— S —, — S—, — S—,— ΟΙ1 ii S S=S 0
Als Beispiele solcher Verbindungen seien ge-9«» nannt Diamyltrisulfid der Formel
C1H1J-S-S- S-C-H11
der Amylphenylester der Tluocarbäthoxythioglykolsäure (Äthylxantogenessigsäure) der Formel
C5H11-/ Vo-C-CH2-S-C-O-C2H3
O S
oder Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel
Vo-C-CH2-S-CS-C2H5 3» O S
oder Stoffe ähnlicher Zusammensetzung, die zweckmäßig bei gewöhnlichem Druck oberhalb 200° sieden.
Ebenso können auch die an anderer Stelle vorgeschlagenen aromatischen Verbindungen verwendet werden, in denen an einen ein- oder mehrkernigen Kern oxydationshemmende Oxy- oder Amino- oder Di- oder Polysuliidgruppen gebunden sind, während weitere, vorzugsweise aliphatische Gruppen mit kurzer Kette, an den Kern durch 1 oder mehrere Atome Sauerstoff, Schwefel, Selen oder Tellur in Ätherbindung angeschlossen sind.
Verbindungen dieser Art entsprechen beispielsweise der Formel
OH
R-;
X-R'
in der R ein Substituent ist, der wie 7.. B. Halogen oder Alkylgruppen die Löslichkeit von Schmierölen erhöht, R' eine Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Aralkylgruppe und X 1 Sauerstoff-, Schwefel-, Selen- oder Telluratom oder mehrere dieser bedeutet, also z. B. einer der oben aufgeführten Gruppen entspricht. Verbindungen dieser Art sind z. B. Di-(tertiärbutylphenol)-thioäther, Di-(tertiäramylphenol)-disulfid, 4-Butoxy-2-aminonaphthalin oder aus diesen Verbindungen erhältliche Polymerisationsprodukte.
Geeignete metallorganische Verbindungen sind z. B. Triphenylwismut, Triphenylzinnjodid, Trimethyltriphenyldistannan, Tetrapropylzinn, Tetraisobutylzinn oder Triphenylstibin. Diese Zusatzstoffe werden im allgemeinen in geringerer Menge als die vorgenannten, bei hohen Temperaturen wirksamen Oxydationsverhinderer zugesetzt. Die Menge der Zusatzstoffe ist im allgemeinen sehr gering, z. B. zwischen 0,01 und 0,2 °/0, doch kann man auch größere Mengen, z. B. 0,5 oder 10Z0. berechnet auf das Schmieröl, zusetzen.
Durch diese Zusätze können beliebige mineralische Schmieröle verbessert werden, beispielsweise solche aus pennsylvanischen, ·°5 venezolanischen, columbischen, Mid-Continent oder Coastal-Ölen, und zwar sowohl niedrigviscose Motorenöle, z. B. mit einer Viscosität von ι bis 1,466° E bei 99°, als auch hochviscose, den Bright Stocks ähnliche öle, mit "« Viscositäten von z.B. 2,12 bis 4,32° E bei 99°. Die zu verbessernden öle können z. B. vom SAE10-, SAE20-, SAE30- oder SAE 50-Typus sein. Auch synthetische Kohlenwasserstofföle können verbessert werden. Alle öle können sowohl in rohem Zustand als auch nach einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Raffination verbessert werden, die z. B. durch Destillation oder durch Behandlung mit selektiven Lösungsmitteln oder chemischen Raffi- no nationsmitteln oder Adsorptionsmitteln oder durch eine Hydrierung, Voltolisierung oder
Entparaffinierung erfolgen kann. Besonders gut geeignet sind für das vorliegende Verfahren Mineralöle, die einen hohen Viscositätsindex haben, beispielsweise einen solchen zwischen 70 und 100 oder noch höher, z.B. bis hinauf zu 120. Gerade solche öle neigen im allgemeinen besonders leicht zur Oxydation.
Die besondere Wirkung der erfmdungsgemäß verwendeten Zusätze erkennt man nicht nur beim praktischen Gebrauch, z. B. bei der Prüfung im C. F. R. (Cooperative Fuel Research)-Motor, sondern auch bei der sog. Kegelprobe. Bei dieser Probe läßt man das Öl über einen erhitzten Kegel fließen, der im allgemeinen aus Stahl besteht und auf dessen Mantel ein Gewinde eingeschnitten ist, so daß das herabfließende Öl etwa ι Minute in Berührung mit dem heißen Stahl bleibt. Man läßt über einen solchen Kegel, der vor der Untersuchung gewogen wird, bei 250° innerhalb 2 Stunden 60 ecm öl fließen. Dann spült man den Kegel mit Benzin, um anhaftendes Öl zu entfernen, und wägt ihn wieder. Die Gewichtszunahme in Gramm ist ein Maß für die Oxydationsbeständigkeit des Öles. Man kann auch das gleiche öl zwei- oder dreimal oder noch häufiger über den Kegel fließen lassen und auf diese Weise die Oxydationsbeständigkeit während längerer Zeit in einfacher Weise ermitteln.
Beispiel 1
Für die folgenden % Versuche wurde ein SAE5o-Schmieröl mit einem Viscositätsindex von 100, das durch Druckhydrierung eines columbischen Rohöles erhalten wurde, verwendet. Das öl wurde mehrfach der Kegelprobe unterworfen, und zwar ohne Zusatz (Öl A), nur mit 0,4 % (Tertiärbutylphenol)-sulfid (Öl B), nur mit 0,2 °/0 Triphenydwismut (Öl C) und mit 0,4 °/„ (Tertiärbutylphenol)-sulfid und 0,2 °/0 Triphenylwismut (Öl D) bzw. 0,2 % Triphenylzinnjodid (Öl E) und 0,40/0 (Tertiärbutylphenol)-sulfid und 0,20/0 Triphenylzinnjodid (Öl F). Alle diese Mischungen wurden dreimal über den Kegel geleitet, wobei nach jedem Überleiten der Rückstand gewogen wurde. Die gebildeten Rückstandsmengen sind in der folgenden Tabelle angegeben.
i.Qber- 2. Über- 3. Überleiten leiten leiten
öl A 0,50 0,61 0,54
- B 0,20 0,33 0,61
- C 0,23 0,32 0,37
- D .· 0,18 0,25 0,32
- E 0,12 0,31 0,50
- F 0,08 0,17 0,28 β«
Beispiel 2
Ein mit Phenol behandeltes SAE 50-Schmieröl mit dem Viscositätsindex 90 wurde mit Bleicherde behandelt und dann mit und ohne Zusatz der Kegelprobe unterworfen. Das genannte Öl (Öl G) wurde einmal mit 0,4% Di-(tertiärbutylphenol)-thioäther (öl H), einrnal mit 0,2 °/0 Triphenylwismut (öl J) und einmal mit 0,4 °/0 Di-(tertiärbutyl- 7» phenol)-thioäther und 0,2 °/0 Triphenylwismut (Öl K) untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich die folgenden Werte:
i. Über- 2. Über- 3. Über- 4. Überleiten leiten leiten leiten
öl G ... 0,50 0,58 0,64 —
- H ... 0,23 0,48 0,54 0,68
- J ... 0,29 0,38 0,42 0,54
- K ... 0,20 0,28 0,28 0,37
Außer den vorgenannten Zusatzstoffen kann man den Schmierölen auch noch andere Verbesserungsmittel, wie z. B. Stockpunktserniedriger, Verdickungsmittel, Verbesserungsmittel für den Viscositätsindex, Farbstoffe, Schlammverteilungsmittel, Mittel zur Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen hohe Lagerdrucke, metallische Seifen, feste, kolloidal verteilte Stoffe oder voltolisierte mineralische oder fette öle oder voltolisiertes Paraffin, zusetzen.

Claims (1)

  1. Patentanspruch:
    Schmieröl, gekennzeichnet durch einen K Gehalt an einem öllöslichen, bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1500 wirksamen Oxydationsverhinderer, der mindestens eines der Elemente Sauerstoff, Schwefel, Selen und Tellur enthält, und an einer öllöslichen «00 metallorganischen Verbindung von Wismut, Antimon oder Zinn.
DE1937ST056097 1933-12-27 1937-04-18 Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele Expired DE703240C (de)

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DEST52950D Expired DE711560C (de) 1933-12-27 1934-12-20 Oxydationsfeste Mineralschmieroelmischung
DE1936703239D Expired DE703239C (de) 1933-12-27 1936-11-17 Schmieroele
DE1937ST056097 Expired DE703240C (de) 1933-12-27 1937-04-18 Oxydationsbestaendige Schmieroele

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DE (3) DE711560C (de)
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US2451037A (en) * 1941-05-13 1948-10-12 Texas Co Lubricating oil
US2438468A (en) * 1942-12-31 1948-03-23 Standard Oil Dev Co Oil composition
US2448037A (en) * 1944-12-08 1948-08-31 Lubri Zol Dev Corp Lubricating compositions
US2463429A (en) * 1944-12-30 1949-03-01 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2473510A (en) * 1945-02-21 1949-06-21 California Research Corp Stabilization of organic substances
US2473511A (en) * 1945-05-07 1949-06-21 California Research Corp Mineral oil compositions and the like
US2528346A (en) * 1945-06-04 1950-10-31 California Research Corp Lubricant compositions containing dialkyl diselenides
US2595161A (en) * 1950-05-24 1952-04-29 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating composition
DE917636C (de) * 1952-04-24 1954-09-09 Bayer Ag Schmierstoffzusatzmittel
GB757241A (en) * 1953-09-17 1956-09-19 Wakefield & Co Ltd C C Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions
US2885425A (en) * 1956-01-27 1959-05-05 Du Pont Stabilization of organic isocyanates
US2885420A (en) * 1956-01-27 1959-05-05 Du Pont Stabilization of organic isocyanates
US2981604A (en) * 1957-10-10 1961-04-25 Cabot Corp Channel carbon black process employing oil enrichment
US3267033A (en) * 1963-04-15 1966-08-16 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating composition having desirable frictional characteristics
US3311590A (en) * 1963-09-20 1967-03-28 Dow Chemical Co Epoxy resin having high dielectric loss factor
US3326800A (en) * 1964-11-04 1967-06-20 Ethyl Corp Organic material stabilized with sterically hindered 4, 4'-thiobis phenols
US4049561A (en) * 1976-04-15 1977-09-20 Chevron Research Company Lubricant compositions
US4049562A (en) * 1976-04-15 1977-09-20 Chevron Research Company Extreme pressure lubricant compositions
US4380497A (en) * 1981-05-12 1983-04-19 Uop Inc. Amines of alkoxydiphenyl esthers as antioxidants and lubricating oils and greases containing same
US4386002A (en) * 1981-05-12 1983-05-31 Uop Inc. Imines of aminodiphenyl esthers as antioxidants and lubricating oils and greases containing same
FR2548586B1 (fr) * 1983-07-08 1986-02-07 Saint Gobain Isover Procede et dispositif de traitement thermique de materiaux isolants
US10119093B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2018-11-06 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Composition and method for preventing or reducing engine knock and pre-ignition in high compression spark ignition engines

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DE703239C (de) 1941-03-04
FR820262A (fr) 1937-11-08
US2216752A (en) 1940-10-08
US2085045A (en) 1937-06-29
NL49350C (de) 1940-05-15
GB442161A (en) 1936-02-03
FR47456E (fr) 1937-05-25
DE711560C (de) 1941-10-07
FR776899A (fr) 1935-02-05
GB463763A (en) 1937-04-06
US2139766A (en) 1938-12-13
GB495869A (en) 1938-11-18
FR49194E (de) 1938-11-28
NL46344C (de) 1939-03-15
US2158668A (en) 1939-05-16

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