DE69737817T2 - Beschichteter endovaskulärer stent - Google Patents
Beschichteter endovaskulärer stent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE69737817T2 DE69737817T2 DE69737817T DE69737817T DE69737817T2 DE 69737817 T2 DE69737817 T2 DE 69737817T2 DE 69737817 T DE69737817 T DE 69737817T DE 69737817 T DE69737817 T DE 69737817T DE 69737817 T2 DE69737817 T2 DE 69737817T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogel
- stent
- balloon
- arrangement according
- catheter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
- Hintergrund der Erfindung
- Die Erfindung betrifft das Beschichten von physischen Stents.
- Angioplastie, welche das Einführen eines Katheters, z.B. eines Ballonkatheters, in ein Blutgefäß einschließt, um eine verschlossene Region des Blutgefäßes zu erweitern, wird häufig verwendet, um Arteriosklerose zu behandeln. Restenose oder das Schließen des Gefäßes, ist ein Prozess, der nach Angioplastie auftreten kann. Dieser Prozess kann durch die Proliferation von glatten Muskelzellen gekennzeichnet sein, die durch die Angioplastiebehandlung stimuliert werden. Restenose kann auch als Ergebnis von Gerinnselbildung im Anschluss an die Angioplastie wegen Verletzung der Gefäßwand auftreten, welche die natürliche Gerinnselbildungskaskade des Bluts auslöst.
- Mehrere verschiedene Annäherungen sind unternommen worden, um einen Postangioplastie-Gefäßwiederverschluss zu verhindern. Eine derartige Annäherung ist die Plazierung einer medizinischen Prothese z.B. eines intravasalen Metallstents, um das Lumen mechanisch offenzuhalten. Zum Beispiel wird ein intravasaler Stent, der aus einer expandierbaren Maschendrahtröhre aus rostfreiem Stahl hergestellt ist, verwendet, um Postangioplastierestenose und Gefäßwiederverschluss zu verhindern. Der Stent kann aus Draht erzeugt werden, der zu einer Röhre gestaltet wird und normalerweise unter Verwendung eines Katheters in das Körperlumen eingebracht wird. Der Katheter trägt die Prothese in Form einer verringerten Größe zur gewünschten Stelle. Wenn die gewünschte Position erreicht ist, wird die Prothese vom Katheter freigegeben und expandiert, so dass sie die Lumenwand belegt. Stents werden typischerweise aus Metallen, Legierungen oder Kunststoffen hergestellt und bleiben auf unbestimmte Zeit im Blutgefäß.
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WO 95/03083 A1 -
US-A-5,439,446 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Ungleichmäßigkeit in einer Gefäßwand, welche sich neben normalen Wandteilen befindet; wobei die Vorrichtung einen Katheter mit einem distalen Ende zum Geführtwerden durch das Gefäß zur Stelle der Ungleichmäßigkeit, um einen Stent zur Stelle der Ungleichmäßigkeit einzubringen, einen Ballon, der mit dem distalen Endteil verbunden ist, und Lumen (Öffnungsvorrichtung) zum Einbringen eines therapeutischen Wirkstoffs in das Gefäß, um den Stent und den ungleichmäßigen Wandteil in Kontakt zu bringen, umfasst. - Zusammenfassung der Erfindung
- Die Erfindung kennzeichnet eine Katheteranordnung zum Einbringen eines expandierbaren Stents in ein Körperlumen und zum Beschichten einer Innenfläche des Stents mit einem Hydrogel, um Scherkräfte und Fließstörungen im Blut zu verringern, geschädigte Zellen neben dem Stent zu schützen, Plättchenablagerung an der Stentstelle zu verringern und/oder einen Arzneistoff einzubringen, um die Restenose von Lumen, die mit einem Stent gestützt werden, zu verringern oder zu verhindern. Die Anordnung schließt einen Katheter ein, welcher einen Ballon aufweist, von dem mindestens ein Teil mit einem Hydrogel beschichtet ist. Die Anordnung schließt auch einen expandierbaren Stent ein, der in zusammengefaltetem Zustand auf dem Ballon gelagert ist, um zusammen mit dem Katheter zur Stelle eines Körperlumens eingeführt zu werden. Die Expansion des Ballons klemmt den Stent in dem Körperlumen fest und setzt gleichzeitig das Hydrogel aus dem beschichteten Teil des Ballons zur Innenfläche des Stents frei, wodurch auf einer Innenfläche des Stents eine Beschichtung entsteht. Das Hydrogel kann vernetzt sein, um eine verhältnismäßig dauerhafte Beschichtung auf den Innenflächen des Stents zu erzeugen, oder unvernetzt bleiben, um eine verhältnismäßig abbaubare Beschichtung auf den Innenflächen des Stents zu erzeugen. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Langlebigkeit einer vernetzten Form eines gegebenen Hydrogels als Stentbeschichtung mindestens das Zweifache von seiner unvernetzten Form.
- Das Hydrogel ist ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Polysäure, z.B. einer Poly(acrylsäure) oder einer Polycarbonsäure, einem zellulosehaltigem Polymer, Kollagen, Gelatine, Albumin, Alginat, Poly-2-hydroxyethylsmethylacrylat (HEMA), Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Maleinsäureanhydrid-Polymer, Polyamid, Polyacrylamid, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyethylenglykol, Polyethylenoxid und Polysaccharid, z.B. Mucopolysaccharid, wie Hyaluronsäure. Zum Beispiel kann das Hydrogel eine Poly(acrylsäure), z.B. CARBOPOL® 941 Poly(acrylsäure)(BF Goodrich), in einer vernetzten oder unvernetzten Form sein.
- In einigen Fällen kann das Hydrogel vor dem Beschichten des Stents vernetzt werden. Zum Beispiel kann die Hydrogelbeschichtung auf einem Ballon mit einem Grundierungsbad in Kontakt gebracht werden, bevor das Hydrogel auf die Innenflächen eines Stents aufgetragen wird. In einer anderen Ausführungsform kann die Hydrogelbeschichtung mit einem Vernetzungsmittel in situ in Kontakt gebracht werden, d.h. der Ballonteil des Katheters mit einer Beschichtung eines unvernetzten Hydrogels wird in den Körper eingebracht und nach dem Einsetzen des Stents in das Körperlumen und dem Auftragen des Hydrogels auf die Innenflächen des Stents wird das Hydrogel mit einem Vernetzungsmittel in Kontakt gebracht.
- Das Hydrogel kann einen therapeutischen Wirkstoff, z.B. ein einen Arzneistoff einschließen, um Gerinnung und/oder Restenose an der Stentstelle zu verringern oder zu verhindern. Zum Beispiel kann der therapeutische Wirkstoff akute Thrombose des Stents verringern oder beseitigen und In-Stent-Restenose verringern oder den Zellmetabolismus (z.B. einen Antimetaboliten) behindern, wodurch unerwünschte Zellen getötet werden. Der therapeutische Wirkstoff kann ein Anti-Plättchen-Arzneistoff, Antikoagulanz-Arzneistoff, Antimetabolit-Arzneistoff, antiangiogener Arzneistoff oder antiproliferativer Arzneistoff sein. Der therapeutische Wirkstoff kann ein antithrombogener Wirkstoff, wie Heparin, PPACK, Enoxaprin, Aspirin und Hirudin, oder thrombolytischer Wirkstoff, wie Urokinase, Streptokinase und Gewebsplasminogenaktivator, sein. Das Hydrogel kann auch einen Wirkstoff einschließen, welcher Plättchenablagerung oder Proliferation glatter Muskelzellen hemmt. Das Mittel kann auch eine Nukleinsäure, welche ein therapeutisches Protein kodiert, z.B. eine nackte Nukleinsäure, oder eine Nukleinsäure sein, die in einen Virenvektor oder ein Liposom eingebracht ist. Nackte Nukleinsäure bedeutet ein unbeschichtetes Einzel- oder Doppelstrang-DNA- oder RNA-Molekül, das nicht in ein Virus oder ein Liposom eingebracht ist. Antisense-Oligonukleotide, welche spezifisch an komplementäre mRNA-Moleküle binden und dadurch die Proteinexpression verringern oder hemmen, können über die Hydrogelbeschichtung auf dem Ballonkatheter auch zur Stentstelle eingebracht werden. Der Arzneistoff kann in Mikrokügelchen eingebracht werden, um den Zeitraum, über welchen ein eingebrachter Arzneistoff freigegeben wird, zu verlängern und das Streuen des eingebrachten Arzneistoffs in Nichtzielstellen zu minimieren.
- Die Erfindung kennzeichnet auch ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Stents, welches die Schritte des Bereitstellens einer Katheteranordnung einschließt, die einen Ballon einschließt, von dem mindestens ein Teil mit einem Hydrogel beschichtet ist, auf dem ein expandierbarer Stent in zusammengefaltetem Zustand gelagert ist, Einbringens der Anordnung in ein Körperlumen und Aufblasens des Ballons, um den Stent in dem Körperlumen festzuklemmen und das Hydrogel aus dem beschichteten Teil des Ballons zu den Innenflächen des Stents freizusetzen, um eine Beschichtung zu erzeugen. Vorzugsweise ist das Körperlumen ein Blutgefäß, stärker bevorzugt es ist eine Arterie, wie eine Arterie, die durch einen arteriosklerotischen Plaque verschlossen ist.
- Andere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung sind aus der folgenden Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsformen davon und aus den Patentansprüchen ersichtlich.
- Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung
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1 ist eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Hydrogel-beschichteten Ballonkatheters mit einem Stent, der auf dem Ballonteil eines Katheters gelagert ist, in der Region eines Thrombus vor Radialexpansion des Ballonabschnitts und Stents. -
2 ist eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Stents, der gegen eine Wand eines Körperlumens durch Radialexpansion des Ballonteils des Katheters gepresst wird, und der Freisetzung des Hydrogels aus dem Ballonteil des Katheters auf die Innenflächen des Stents. -
3 ist eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Hydrogel-beschichteten Stents, der auf der Innenseite des zusammengedrückten Thrombus angebracht ist, wenn der Katheter entfernt wird. -
4 ist eine Fotographie eines Modellkörperlumens, in welchem ein Netzmetallstent entfaltet worden ist. - Ausführliche Beschreibung
- Die Innenflächen eines Stents können gleichzeitig mit der Entfaltung des Stents in ein Körperlumen mit einem Hydrogel beschichtet werden. Das Hydrogel wird als Beschichtung auf einem Ballonerweiterungskatheter eingebracht. Das Hydrogel wird aus dem Ballon auf den Stent durch Erweiterung des Ballons in den Stent freigesetzt, wobei das Hydrogel auf die Innenfläche des Stents gedrängt wird.
- Das Hydrogel, welches auf dem Stent aufgetragen wurde, stellt eine glatte Oberflächenbeschichtung bereit, um Zellen des Lumens, z.B. eine Blutgefäßwand, zu schützen, welche während der Entfaltung des Stents beschädigt worden sein können, z.B. wenn der Stent in die Gefäßwand festgeklemmt wird. Die Stentbeschichtung verringert auch Fließstörungen, z.B. Turbulenz, und Scherung im Blutstrom im Bereich eines Blutgefäßes, in welchem der Stent festgeklemmt wird. Die Stentbeschichtung kann auch den Blutfluss durch eine bestimmte beschichtete Region eines Stents, z.B. in der Region eines Aneurismas verringern oder verhindern.
- Stents können bei Fehlen oder in Anwesenheit eines Arzneistoffs mit einem Hydrogel beschichtet werden. Zusätzlich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen mechanischen Vorteilen stellt die Zugabe von Arzneistoffen in das Hydrogel ferner therapeutische Nutzen bereit. Zum Beispiel verringert eine Hydrogelbeschichtung, welche Albumin enthält, die Plättchenablagerung an der Stentstelle. Andere Arzneistoffe, z.B. Wirkstoffe, welche die Proliferation von glatten Muskelzellen verringern, können auch in die Hydrogelstentbeschichtung eingebracht werden, um die Proliferation von glatten Intimamuskelzellen zu verringern, welche zur Restenose an der Stentstelle beitragen kann. Die Stentbeschichtung kann auch zur Abgabe eines Arzneistoffs, z.B. Heparin, verwendet werden, um die Antithrombogenität zu erhöhen.
- Herstellung eines Hydrogel-beschichteten Angioplastieballons
- Eine Hydrogelbeschichtung auf einem Angioplastieballon wurde wie folgt erzeugt. Die Oberfläche des Ballons (Polyethylen) eines Angioplastiekatheters wurde durch Abwischen des Katheters mit einem sauberen Tuch hergestellt. Der Ballon weist typischerweise einen Außendurchmesser (O.D.) von etwa 3,5 mm (aufgeblasen) auf. Der Ballon wurde in eine 10% Lösung von CARBOPOL® 941 Poly(acrylsäure) mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 1.200.000 Dalton in Dimethylformamid (DMF) und tert-Butylalkohol eingetaucht. Nach 30 Minuten langem Trocknen bei etwa 85°C wurde eine glatte Beschichtung erhalten. Der Ballon wurde dann 8 Stunden lang bei 50°C im Ofen getrocknet.
- In einer anderen Ausführungsform kann die Poly(acrylsäure)beschichtung durch 30 Minuten langes Eintauchen des Poly(acrylsäure)-beschichteten Ballons in ein Grundierungsbad von 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) in Methylketon und 30 Minuten langes Trocknen bei 85°C in einem Luftofen vernetzt werden.
- Eine Funktion der Trocknungsschritte ist, Lösungsmittel aus der Beschichtung zu entfernen. Die Oberfläche des Ballons wird sofort nach dem Einwirken von Wasser gleitfähig. Die Poly(acrylsäure) liegt typischerweise in einer Konzentration von etwa 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-% vor. Die Erzeugung des Hydrogels ist ferner in
US-Patent Nr. 5,091,205 beschrieben, das hiermit durch Bezugnahme aufgenommen ist. - Andere Hydrogelpolymere, wie Kollagen, Albumin, derivatisiertes Albumin, Gelatine, Polyvinylalkohol (PVA), Zellulosekunststoffe, Alginate, Acrylharzderivate, HEMA, Polyethylenglykole, Polyethylenoxide, Polysäuren, Polysäureanhydride und Polyacrylamide, können zum Beschichten des Ballons verwendet werden. Wie die Poly(acrylsäure)-Polymerbeschichtung werden diese Hydrogelpolymere aus dem Ballon auf die Innenflächen eines Stents durch Pressen des beschichteten Ballons gegen den Stent freigesetzt. Die verwendeten Hydrogelpolymere sind quellbar aber nicht lösbar. Infolgedessen ist eine Ummantelung über dem Hydrogel-beschichteten Ballon nicht erforderlich, um Verlust der Hydrogelbeschichtung vor dem Freisetzen auf die Innenfläche des Stents zu verhindern. Jedoch kann eine Ummantelung in jeder der hier besprochenen Ausführungsformen verwendet werden, um die Anordnung des Katheters und/oder die Entfaltung des Katheters oder Stents zu erleichtern. Zur simultanen Stententfaltung und -beschichtung wird vor dem Einbringen der Katheter/Stentanordnung in den Körper ein expandierbarer Stent in zusammengefalteter Form über einem Hydrogel-beschichteten Ballonteil des Katheters angeordnet.
- Ein Arzneistoff, wie ein antithrombogener Wirkstoff kann auf die Beschichtung aufgebracht werden oder in die Beschichtung eingebracht werden. Zum Beispiel kann eine Lösung von 10.000 Units Natriumheparin (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA; USP-Qualität; 1000 Units/ml, welche dann zu 650 cm3 destilliertem Wasser zugefügt werden) zur Hydrogelbeschichtung durch etwa 1 Minute langes Eintauchen des beschichteten Katheters in die Heparinlösung bei Raumtemperatur aufgebracht werden.
- Das Heparin bildet keinen Komplex mit der Hydrogellösung und wird deshalb als Reaktion auf das Pressen des Hydrogels ungehindert freigesetzt. Ein Arzneistoff kann formuliert werden, um bei Pressen des Hydrogels, z.B. bei Freisetzung des Hydrogels aus dem Ballon zu den Innenflächen des Stents schnell freigesetzt zu werden, oder um im Laufe der Zeit, z.B. durch Diffusion aus der Hydrogelstentbeschichtung langsam freigesetzt zu werden. In einer anderen Ausführungsform kann der Arzneistoff, z.B. Urokinase, einen Komplex mit dem Hydrogel bilden, oder das Arzneistofffreisetzungssystem kann das Hydrogel selbst sein, z.B. nitrosyliertes Albumin, welches Stickstoffoxid freisetzt.
- Nachdem ein Katheter zur Verwendung wie vorstehend besprochen hergestellt worden ist, kann der Katheter unter Verwendung bekannter Verfahren in den Patienten eingebracht werden. Der Ballon wird dann an einer gewünschten Position expandiert, um den Stent zu entfalten und gleichzeitig das Hydrogel aus dem Ballon freizusetzen, um den Stent zu beschichten. Das Hydrogel wird auf den Stent aufgetragen und bleibt als Beschichtung auf dem Stent, nachdem der Ballon entlüftet worden ist.
- Beispiel 1: Beschichten eines intravasalen Stents mit einem Hydrogel gleichzeitig mit der Entfaltung des Stents in ein Körperlumen
- Wie in
1 gezeigt, wird ein Stent50 über dem Ballonkatheter51 angeordnet, welcher mit einer Hydrogelbeschichtung52 in Gegenwart oder bei Fehlen eines Arzneistoffs beschichtet wird. Der Ballon51 und der Stent50 werden vorgeschoben, bis sie die Region des Verschlusses53 im Gefäß54 erreichen. Nachdem der Ballon51 und der Stent50 innerhalb des Gefäßes54 in Position gebracht worden sind, wird der Stent50 radial expandiert und die Hydrogelbeschichtung52 aus dem Ballon51 durch die Zufuhr von Druck auf den Ballon51 auf eine Innenfläche des Stents50 freigesetzt. Infolgedessen wird der Stent gegen die Gefäßwand54 gepresst, wobei das Ergebnis war, dass der Verschluss53 zusammengedrückt wird und die ihn umgebende Gefäßwand54 eine Radialexpansion durchmacht. Der Druck vom Aufblasen des Ballons setzt auch die Hydrogelbeschichtung52 auf die Innenfläche des Stents50 frei, wobei sie folglich beschichtet wird. Der Stent50 wird im expandierten Zustand in Position gehalten, wie in2 gezeigt. Der Druck wird dann vom Ballon freigesetzt und der Katheter wird aus dem Gefäß herausgezogen, wobei das Hydrogel als Beschichtung des entfalteten Stents zurückbleibt, wie in3 gezeigt. - In den Ausführungsformen, bei welchen die Hydrogelstentbeschichtung einen Arzneistoff enthält, können das Hydrogel und der Arzneistoff so ausgewählt werden, dass bei Anfangspressen des Hydrogels, gefolgt von einer langsamen, zeitverlängerten Freisetzung des Arzneistoffs, der in der Hydrogelbeschichtung verbleibt, eine hohe Anfangsdosis des Arzneistoffs an angrenzendes Gewebe zugeführt wird. Bevorzugte Hydrogel-Arzneistoffkombinationen sind solche, die eine Bindung des Arzneistoffs, wie elektrostatische Bindung, z.B. durch Verwendung eines Poly(acrylsäure)-Hydrogels in Verbindung mit einem Ammoniumkation und Heparin oder Urokinase, verwenden. In diesem Fall setzt die Beschichtung die Freisetzung des Arzneistoffs nach der Expansion des Stents und Entfernen des Ballonkatheters fort. Der Stent kann ein ballonexpandierbarer Stent, wie vorstehend beschrieben, oder ein selbstexpandierender Stent, z.B. der Art, die mit superelastischen Materialien, wie Nitinol, erzeugt wird, sein.
- Beispiel 2: Hydrogel-Vernetzung
- Um den Verlust der Hydrogelbeschichtung vom Ballonteil des Katheters während der Entfaltung zu minimieren, kann ein Hydrogelpolymer vernetzt werden. Das Vernetzen kann physikalisch oder chemisch sein. Zum Beispiel können die Vernetzungen in Form von kovalenten oder ionischen Bindungen oder schwächeren Wechselwirkungen, wie Van-der-Waals-Kräfte und Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, sein.
- Zum Beispiel kann ein Hydrogelpolymer, wie Agarose oder Gelatine, über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen vernetzt werden. Derartige Hydrogele werden vorzugsweise bei 37°C stabil vernetzt. Wenn ein Ballon an der Stelle in Position gebracht wird, an welcher das Hydrogel freigesetzt werden soll, wird Wärme am Hydrogel angewendet, um die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu unterbrechen. Das „geschmolzene" Hydrogel wird dann bei Aufblasen des Ballons und gleichzeitiges Pressen des Hydrogels gegen den Stent oder das Gewebe zu den Innenflächen eines Stents oder der Wand eines Lumens freigesetzt. Die Anwendung von Wärme am Hydrogel wird dann unterbrochen, der Ballon wird entlüftet und der Katheter wird aus der Stelle zurückgezogen. Das aufgetragene Hydrogel geht auf Körpertemperatur, d.h. ungefähr 37°C, zurück, wobei die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen erneut erzeugt gelassen werden. Jedes physiologisch verträgliche Hydrogel mit einer Schmelztemperatur von größer als 37°C kann auf diese Art und Weise verwendet werden. Agarose wird typischerweise in einer Konzentration von 0,5–5%, vorzugsweise in einer Konzentration von etwa 1–2% verwendet.
- Ein Alginathydrogelpolymer wird in Gegenwart von zweiwertigen Kationen reversibel vernetzt. Zum Beispiel kann ein Alginathydrogel durch Inkontaktbringen mit einer Lösung von Calciumgluconat vernetzt werden. Das Vernetzen wird durch Inkontaktbringen des Hydrogels mit einem Chelatbildner aufgehoben. Ein Kanalballon kann mit einem vernetzten Hydrogel beschichtet werden, an die gewünschte Stelle eingebracht werden, ein Mittel, welches die Vernetzungsbindungen unterbricht, durch die Kanäle des Ballons verteilt werden, um mit dem Hydrogel in Kontakt zu kommen, und das Hydrogel aus dem Ballon freigesetzt werden. Das Hydrogel kann nach Auftragung auf die Innenflächen eines Stents oder einer Lumenwand, z.B. durch Verteilen einer Lösung von zweiwertigen Kationen durch die Kanäle des Ballons, um mit dem aufgetragenen Hydrogel in Kontakt zu kommen, erneut vernetzt werden.
- Andere Ausführungsformen liegen innerhalb der folgenden Ansprüche.
-
- 50
- Stent
- 51
- Ballon
- 52
- Hydrogelbeschichtung
- 53
- Verschluss
- 54
- Innenseite eines Gefäßes; Gefäßwand
Claims (13)
- Katheteranordnung zum Einbringen eines expandierbaren Stents in ein Körperlumen und zum Beschichten einer Innenfläche dieses Stents, umfassend einen Katheter, der einen expandierbaren Stent (
50 ) und einen Ballon (51 ) umfasst, von dem zumindest ein Teil mit einem Hydrogel (52 ) beschichtet ist, wobei der expandierbare Stent (50 ) in zusammengefaltetem Zustand auf dem Ballon (51 ) gelagert ist, um zusammen mit dem Katheter in das Körperlumen eingeführt zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ballon so ausgeführt ist, dass er den Stent (50 ) während der Expansion in dem Körperlumen festklemmen und gleichzeitig das Hydrogel von dem beschichteten Teil des Ballons (51 ) auf die Innenfläche des Stents (50 ) freisetzen kann, wodurch auf der Innenfläche des Stents (50 ) eine Beschichtung entsteht. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Hydrogel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einer Polysäure, cellulosehaltigem Polymer, Collagen, Gelatine, Albumin, Alginat, Poly-2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA), Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Maleinsäureanhydrid-Polymer, Polyamid, Polyacrylamid, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyethylenglykol und Polyethylenoxid und Polysaccharid.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei das Hydrogel Poly(acrylsäure) ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei das Hydrogel Hyaluronsäure ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Hydrogel quervernetzt ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Hydrogel einen therapeutischen Wirkstoff umfasst.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 6, wobei der therapeutische Wirkstoff ein antithrombogener Wirkstoff ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, wobei der antithrombogene Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Heparin, PPACK, Enoxaprin, Aspirin und Hirudin.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 6, wobei der therapeutische Wirkstoff Thrombozytenablagerung verhindert.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 6, wobei der therapeutische Wirkstoff ein thrombolytischer Wirkstoff ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 10, wobei der thrombolytische Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Urokinase, Streptokinase und Gewebsplasminogenaktivator.
- Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Katheter ferner eine Ummantelung über dem Hydrogel umfasst.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Ummantelung vor der Expansion des Ballons entfernt wird.
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-
1996
- 1996-09-20 US US08/717,290 patent/US5843089A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 CA CA002267760A patent/CA2267760C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-19 JP JP51499498A patent/JP4175666B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-19 WO PCT/US1997/016970 patent/WO1998011828A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-19 DE DE69737817T patent/DE69737817T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-19 EP EP97943485A patent/EP1011457B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-08-05 US US09/129,280 patent/US6364893B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-31 US US10/059,420 patent/US6890339B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-23 US US10/997,088 patent/US7371257B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050090891A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
US20020091375A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
JP2001501506A (ja) | 2001-02-06 |
EP1011457A1 (de) | 2000-06-28 |
US7371257B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 |
US6364893B1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
CA2267760C (en) | 2005-09-06 |
JP4175666B2 (ja) | 2008-11-05 |
EP1011457B1 (de) | 2007-06-13 |
US5843089A (en) | 1998-12-01 |
DE69737817D1 (de) | 2007-07-26 |
US6890339B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
WO1998011828A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
CA2267760A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
EP1011457A4 (de) | 2001-01-17 |
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