DE69126830D1 - Biegebalkenmessfühler und mit dem Messfühler ausgestattete Informationsverarbeitungsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Biegebalkenmessfühler und mit dem Messfühler ausgestattete InformationsverarbeitungsvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- DE69126830D1 DE69126830D1 DE69126830T DE69126830T DE69126830D1 DE 69126830 D1 DE69126830 D1 DE 69126830D1 DE 69126830 T DE69126830 T DE 69126830T DE 69126830 T DE69126830 T DE 69126830T DE 69126830 D1 DE69126830 D1 DE 69126830D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- measuring sensor
- electrodes
- driving
- processing device
- information processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004574 scanning tunneling microscopy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q20/00—Monitoring the movement or position of the probe
- G01Q20/04—Self-detecting probes, i.e. wherein the probe itself generates a signal representative of its position, e.g. piezoelectric gauge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y35/00—Methods or apparatus for measurement or analysis of nanostructures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/10—STM [Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. STM probes
- G01Q60/16—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/12—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/14—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor using microscopic probe means, i.e. recording or reproducing by means directly associated with the tip of a microscopic electrical probe as used in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy [STM] or Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM] for inducing physical or electrical perturbations in a recording medium; Record carriers or media specially adapted for such transducing of information
- G11B9/1409—Heads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/12—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/14—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor using microscopic probe means, i.e. recording or reproducing by means directly associated with the tip of a microscopic electrical probe as used in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy [STM] or Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM] for inducing physical or electrical perturbations in a recording medium; Record carriers or media specially adapted for such transducing of information
- G11B9/1418—Disposition or mounting of heads or record carriers
- G11B9/1427—Disposition or mounting of heads or record carriers with provision for moving the heads or record carriers relatively to each other or for access to indexed parts without effectively imparting a relative movement
- G11B9/1436—Disposition or mounting of heads or record carriers with provision for moving the heads or record carriers relatively to each other or for access to indexed parts without effectively imparting a relative movement with provision for moving the heads or record carriers relatively to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
- H10N30/2041—Beam type
- H10N30/2042—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q80/00—Applications, other than SPM, of scanning-probe techniques
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/849—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe
- Y10S977/86—Scanning probe structure
- Y10S977/861—Scanning tunneling probe
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/849—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure with scanning probe
- Y10S977/86—Scanning probe structure
- Y10S977/873—Tip holder
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
- Y10S977/943—Information storage or retrieval using nanostructure
- Y10S977/947—Information storage or retrieval using nanostructure with scanning probe instrument
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP21376590A JPH0495804A (ja) | 1990-08-14 | 1990-08-14 | カンチレバー型プローブ及びそれを用いた走査型トンネル電流検知装置、情報処理装置 |
JP25145290A JPH04128603A (ja) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | カンチレバー型プローブ、該プローブを備えた走査型トンネル顕微鏡及び情報処理装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69126830D1 true DE69126830D1 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
DE69126830T2 DE69126830T2 (de) | 1997-11-20 |
Family
ID=26519980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69126830T Expired - Fee Related DE69126830T2 (de) | 1990-08-14 | 1991-08-08 | Biegebalkenmessfühler und mit dem Messfühler ausgestattete Informationsverarbeitungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5187367A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0471511B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE155579T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2048968C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69126830T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2756254B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-25 | 1998-05-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 記録装置及び再生装置 |
JP2961452B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-05 | 1999-10-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
JP2761801B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-04 | 1998-06-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | 角度的位置関係検出方法及びこれを用いたエンコーダ |
JP3000492B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-22 | 2000-01-17 | キヤノン株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
EP0523676B1 (de) * | 1991-07-17 | 1999-10-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Informationsaufzeichnungs-/Wiedergabegrät zur Informationsaufzeichnung und/oder -wiedergabe auf/von einem Informationsaufzeichnungsträger durch Benutzung einer Sonde. |
US5329122A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1994-07-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Information processing apparatus and scanning tunnel microscope |
DE69309318T2 (de) * | 1992-01-10 | 1997-10-30 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beobachten einer Fläche |
JP3029916B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-07 | 2000-04-10 | キヤノン株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
JPH06132579A (ja) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-05-13 | Canon Inc | 変位素子及びそれを用いたプローブ、同プローブを有する機器 |
JP3140223B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-11 | 2001-03-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | マイクロアクチュエータおよびその作製方法 |
US5323377A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-06-21 | Chen Zhi Q | Electrical data recording and retrieval based on impedance variation |
JP3025120B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-21 | 2000-03-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 記録再生装置 |
JP2743761B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-19 | 1998-04-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 走査型プローブ顕微鏡および原子種同定方法 |
US5661403A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1997-08-26 | Mackenzie; Franklin F. | Apparatus and method for testing a solid electrolyte |
US6339217B1 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 2002-01-15 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Scanning probe microscope assembly and method for making spectrophotometric, near-field, and scanning probe measurements |
US6337479B1 (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 2002-01-08 | Victor B. Kley | Object inspection and/or modification system and method |
US5751683A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1998-05-12 | General Nanotechnology, L.L.C. | Nanometer scale data storage device and associated positioning system |
US5550483A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-08-27 | International Business Machines | High speed test probe positioning system |
US6507553B2 (en) | 1995-07-24 | 2003-01-14 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Nanometer scale data storage device and associated positioning system |
JP3576655B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-14 | 2004-10-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | 微小探針の製造方法及びその製造用雌型基板、並びにその微小探針を有するプローブの製造方法 |
US5781649A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1998-07-14 | Phase Metrics, Inc. | Surface inspection of a disk by diffraction pattern sampling |
JPH10282130A (ja) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-23 | Canon Inc | プローブとそれを用いた走査型プローブ顕微鏡 |
US6923044B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2005-08-02 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Active cantilever for nanomachining and metrology |
US6752008B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2004-06-22 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Method and apparatus for scanning in scanning probe microscopy and presenting results |
US6802646B1 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2004-10-12 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Low-friction moving interfaces in micromachines and nanomachines |
US6787768B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2004-09-07 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Method and apparatus for tool and tip design for nanomachining and measurement |
US7196328B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2007-03-27 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Nanomachining method and apparatus |
US7260051B1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2007-08-21 | Nanochip, Inc. | Molecular memory medium and molecular memory integrated circuit |
WO2001003157A1 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-11 | General Nanotechnology, Llc | Object inspection and/or modification system and method |
US6670208B2 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2003-12-30 | Nec Corporation | Optical circuit in which fabrication is easy |
US6931710B2 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2005-08-23 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Manufacturing of micro-objects such as miniature diamond tool tips |
US7253407B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2007-08-07 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Active cantilever for nanomachining and metrology |
US20020138301A1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-26 | Thanos Karras | Integration of a portal into an application service provider data archive and/or web based viewer |
US7053369B1 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2006-05-30 | Rave Llc | Scan data collection for better overall data accuracy |
US6813937B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2004-11-09 | General Nanotechnology Llc | Method and apparatus for micromachines, microstructures, nanomachines and nanostructures |
JP2005538855A (ja) | 2002-09-09 | 2005-12-22 | ジェネラル ナノテクノロジー エルエルシー | 走査型プローブ顕微鏡の流体送達 |
US7233517B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2007-06-19 | Nanochip, Inc. | Atomic probes and media for high density data storage |
US20040150472A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-08-05 | Rust Thomas F. | Fault tolerant micro-electro mechanical actuators |
US6982898B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-01-03 | Nanochip, Inc. | Molecular memory integrated circuit utilizing non-vibrating cantilevers |
US6985377B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-01-10 | Nanochip, Inc. | Phase change media for high density data storage |
US7521257B2 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2009-04-21 | The Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno | Chemical sensor with oscillating cantilevered probe and mechanical stop |
US7260980B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2007-08-28 | Adams Jesse D | Liquid cell and passivated probe for atomic force microscopy and chemical sensing |
US7055378B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2006-06-06 | Veeco Instruments, Inc. | System for wide frequency dynamic nanomechanical analysis |
US20060257286A1 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2006-11-16 | Adams Jesse D | Self-sensing array of microcantilevers for chemical detection |
US20050210988A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-29 | Jun Amano | Method of making piezoelectric cantilever pressure sensor array |
US20050243660A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-11-03 | Rust Thomas F | Methods for erasing bit cells in a high density data storage device |
US7301887B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2007-11-27 | Nanochip, Inc. | Methods for erasing bit cells in a high density data storage device |
US7379412B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2008-05-27 | Nanochip, Inc. | Methods for writing and reading highly resolved domains for high density data storage |
US20050232061A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2005-10-20 | Rust Thomas F | Systems for writing and reading highly resolved domains for high density data storage |
US20050243592A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-11-03 | Rust Thomas F | High density data storage device having eraseable bit cells |
WO2006039506A2 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-13 | Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education, On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno | Cantilevered probe detector with piezoelectric element |
US20060291271A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Nanochip, Inc. | High density data storage devices having servo indicia formed in a patterned media |
US7367119B2 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2008-05-06 | Nanochip, Inc. | Method for forming a reinforced tip for a probe storage device |
US7463573B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2008-12-09 | Nanochip, Inc. | Patterned media for a high density data storage device |
US20070008867A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Nanochip, Inc. | High density data storage devices with a lubricant layer comprised of a field of polymer chains |
US20070008865A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Nanochip, Inc. | High density data storage devices with polarity-dependent memory switching media |
US20070008866A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Nanochip, Inc. | Methods for writing and reading in a polarity-dependent memory switch media |
US7309630B2 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-12-18 | Nanochip, Inc. | Method for forming patterned media for a high density data storage device |
US20080001075A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-01-03 | Nanochip, Inc. | Memory stage for a probe storage device |
US20080174918A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Nanochip, Inc. | Method and system for writing and reading a charge-trap media with a probe tip |
US20080175033A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Nanochip, Inc. | Method and system for improving domain stability in a ferroelectric media |
US20080233672A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Nanochip, Inc. | Method of integrating mems structures and cmos structures using oxide fusion bonding |
US20090129246A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-21 | Nanochip, Inc. | Environmental management of a probe storage device |
US20090294028A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-03 | Nanochip, Inc. | Process for fabricating high density storage device with high-temperature media |
US7898266B2 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-03-01 | Seagate Technology Llc | Probe with electrostatic actuation and capacitive sensor |
US20100039729A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | Nanochip, Inc. | Package with integrated magnets for electromagnetically-actuated probe-storage device |
US20100039919A1 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-18 | Nanochip, Inc. | Cantilever Structure for Use in Seek-and-Scan Probe Storage |
US9243998B2 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2016-01-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Resonant photo acoustic system |
CN102887476A (zh) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-23 | 联华电子股份有限公司 | 悬吊梁结构及电路芯片 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2556491B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-24 | 1996-11-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 記録装置及び記録法 |
JP2556492B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-24 | 1996-11-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 再生装置及び再生法 |
US4906840A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1990-03-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr., University | Integrated scanning tunneling microscope |
JPH02206043A (ja) * | 1989-02-03 | 1990-08-15 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 記憶装置 |
-
1991
- 1991-08-08 EP EP91307306A patent/EP0471511B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-08 DE DE69126830T patent/DE69126830T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-08 AT AT91307306T patent/ATE155579T1/de active
- 1991-08-08 US US07/742,436 patent/US5187367A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 CA CA002048968A patent/CA2048968C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0471511B1 (de) | 1997-07-16 |
EP0471511A3 (de) | 1992-03-04 |
CA2048968C (en) | 1997-09-30 |
DE69126830T2 (de) | 1997-11-20 |
EP0471511A2 (de) | 1992-02-19 |
CA2048968A1 (en) | 1992-02-15 |
US5187367A (en) | 1993-02-16 |
ATE155579T1 (de) | 1997-08-15 |
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