DE69033405D1 - Abstimmbare Laserdiode mit verteilter Rückkoppelung - Google Patents
Abstimmbare Laserdiode mit verteilter RückkoppelungInfo
- Publication number
- DE69033405D1 DE69033405D1 DE69033405T DE69033405T DE69033405D1 DE 69033405 D1 DE69033405 D1 DE 69033405D1 DE 69033405 T DE69033405 T DE 69033405T DE 69033405 T DE69033405 T DE 69033405T DE 69033405 D1 DE69033405 D1 DE 69033405D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- laser diode
- tunable laser
- distributed feedback
- feedback
- distributed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/062—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
- H01S5/0625—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes in multi-section lasers
- H01S5/06255—Controlling the frequency of the radiation
- H01S5/06258—Controlling the frequency of the radiation with DFB-structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/12—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/227—Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04252—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04256—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/062—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
- H01S5/06209—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes in single-section lasers
- H01S5/06213—Amplitude modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/062—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
- H01S5/06226—Modulation at ultra-high frequencies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/12—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers
- H01S5/1225—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers with a varying coupling constant along the optical axis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/12—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers
- H01S5/124—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers incorporating phase shifts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/227—Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer
- H01S5/2275—Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer mesa created by etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/3235—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers
- H01S5/32391—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers based on In(Ga)(As)P
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP18414489 | 1989-07-15 | ||
JP23592989 | 1989-09-12 | ||
JP23592889 | 1989-09-12 | ||
JP23593089 | 1989-09-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69033405D1 true DE69033405D1 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
DE69033405T2 DE69033405T2 (de) | 2000-07-20 |
Family
ID=27475149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69033405T Expired - Fee Related DE69033405T2 (de) | 1989-07-15 | 1990-07-12 | Abstimmbare Laserdiode mit verteilter Rückkoppelung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5170402A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0409487B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2966485B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR940007603B1 (de) |
CA (2) | CA2131362C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69033405T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (54)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2677499A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-11 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Laser semiconducteur monomodal a retroaction distribuee et son procede de fabrication. |
GB9200616D0 (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1992-03-11 | British Telecomm | An optical grating and a method of fabricating an optical grating |
JP2986604B2 (ja) * | 1992-01-13 | 1999-12-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 半導体光フィルタ、その選択波長の制御方法及びそれを用いた光通信システム |
FR2686753B1 (fr) * | 1992-01-24 | 1994-04-08 | France Telecom | Photorecepteur pour signaux optiques modules en frequence, emetteur-recepteur et liaison optique correspondants. |
CA2091302A1 (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-09-12 | Ichiro Yoshida | Semiconductor laser and process for fabricating the same |
DE4310578C2 (de) * | 1992-03-31 | 1997-11-20 | Toshiba Kawasaki Kk | Wellenlängenabstimmbarer Halbleiterlaser |
FR2696287B1 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-11-04 | Cit Alcatel | Laser semiconducteur à rétroaction distribuée et électrode segmentée. |
JPH06224882A (ja) * | 1992-10-03 | 1994-08-12 | Canon Inc | 光fsk受信器及びそれを用いた光fdm−fsk伝送システム |
EP0606092A3 (de) * | 1993-01-08 | 1995-01-04 | Nippon Electric Co | Laserdioden-Bauteil. |
DE4301830A1 (de) * | 1993-01-23 | 1994-07-28 | Ant Nachrichtentech | 3-Sektions-DFB-Halbleiterlaser mit erweitertem Wellenlängen-Durchstimmungsbereich |
US5642371A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1997-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Optical transmission apparatus |
US5345459A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1994-09-06 | Northern Telecom Limited | Method of reducing the thermally-induced shift in the emission wavelength of laser diodes |
JP2770714B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-10 | 1998-07-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | 分布帰還型半導体レーザおよびその電流注入方法 |
US5418802A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Frequency tunable waveguide extended cavity laser |
DE4407832A1 (de) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-14 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements mit einer definierten axialen Variation des Kopplungskoeffizienten und definierter axialer Verteilung der Phasenverschiebung |
US5502741A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1996-03-26 | Northern Telecom Limited | Direct amplitude modulation of lasers |
FR2731856B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-16 | 1997-04-30 | Alcatel Nv | Dispositif photonique duplexeur |
JPH08279651A (ja) * | 1995-04-08 | 1996-10-22 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザとその製造方法 |
JPH0964334A (ja) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-07 | Toshiba Corp | 発光素子と外部変調器の集積素子 |
US5832014A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1998-11-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wavelength stabilization in tunable semiconductor lasers |
JP3180725B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-05 | 2001-06-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | 分布帰還型半導体レーザ |
US6271526B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-08-07 | California Institute Of Technology | Efficient radiation coupling to quantum-well radiation-sensing array via evanescent waves |
KR100429531B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-12 | 2004-05-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 분포귀환형 반도체 레이저 |
US7907648B2 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2011-03-15 | Finisar Corporation | Optical FM source based on intra-cavity phase and amplitude modulation in lasers |
US8792531B2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2014-07-29 | Finisar Corporation | Optical beam steering for tunable laser applications |
EP1710876B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2009-12-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Halbleiterlaser-bauelement und laserprojektor |
JP4579033B2 (ja) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-11-10 | 富士通株式会社 | 光半導体装置とその駆動方法 |
US7532784B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-05-12 | Onechip Photonics Inc. | Integrated vertical wavelength (de)multiplexer |
WO2008080171A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-03 | Finisar Corporation | Optical transmitter having a widely tunable directly modulated laser and periodic optical spectrum reshaping element |
US8131157B2 (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2012-03-06 | Finisar Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating signals with increased dispersion tolerance using a directly modulated laser transmitter |
WO2008097928A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-14 | Finisar Corporation | Temperature stabilizing packaging for optoelectronic components in a transmitter module |
US7991291B2 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2011-08-02 | Finisar Corporation | WDM PON based on DML |
US8027593B2 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2011-09-27 | Finisar Corporation | Slow chirp compensation for enhanced signal bandwidth and transmission performances in directly modulated lasers |
US8204386B2 (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2012-06-19 | Finisar Corporation | Chirped laser with passive filter element for differential phase shift keying generation |
US7991297B2 (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2011-08-02 | Finisar Corporation | Chirped laser with passive filter element for differential phase shift keying generation |
JP2009064837A (ja) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体レーザ及び半導体光集積素子 |
CN101439431A (zh) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | 新科实业有限公司 | 多束激光接合机及接合方法 |
US8160455B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2012-04-17 | Finisar Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating signals with increased dispersion tolerance using a directly modulated laser transmitter |
WO2009116152A1 (ja) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-09-24 | 富士通株式会社 | 光素子及びその製造方法 |
US8260150B2 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2012-09-04 | Finisar Corporation | Passive wave division multiplexed transmitter having a directly modulated laser array |
US8068742B2 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2011-11-29 | Finisar Corporation | Phase shift keyed modulation of optical signal using chirp managed laser |
WO2010111689A2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Kaiam Corp. | A semiconductor laser device and circuit for and method of driving same |
JP5177285B2 (ja) | 2009-03-30 | 2013-04-03 | 富士通株式会社 | 光素子及びその製造方法 |
US8199785B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2012-06-12 | Finisar Corporation | Thermal chirp compensation in a chirp managed laser |
US9306372B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-05 | Emcore Corporation | Method of fabricating and operating an optical modulator |
US9306672B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-05 | Encore Corporation | Method of fabricating and operating an optical modulator |
US9059801B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-06-16 | Emcore Corporation | Optical modulator |
JP6155770B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-07-05 | 富士通株式会社 | 光素子及び光モジュール |
EP2908392B8 (de) * | 2014-02-13 | 2018-05-16 | Alcatel Lucent | Abstimmbare Laservorrichtung |
US9564733B2 (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2017-02-07 | Emcore Corporation | Method of fabricating and operating an optical modulator |
US10074959B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-09-11 | Emcore Corporation | Modulated laser source and methods of its fabrication and operation |
CN111344917B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2023-09-12 | 株式会社堀场制作所 | 半导体激光器、驱动控制装置和半导体激光器的控制方法 |
JP6927153B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-08-25 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 半導体レーザ |
CA3186204A1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-27 | Sylvain Boudreau | Semiconductor lasers with improved frequency modulation response |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5831590A (ja) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-02-24 | Nec Corp | 光機能素子 |
DE3686785T2 (de) * | 1985-06-10 | 1993-04-29 | Nec Corp | Halbleiterlaservorrichtung mit verteilter rueckkopplung. |
DE3873398T2 (de) * | 1987-04-27 | 1993-03-18 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Phasenverschobener halbleiterlaser mit verteilter rueckkopplung. |
JP2768940B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-08 | 1998-06-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 単一波長発振半導体レーザ装置 |
JP2533355B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-11 | 1996-09-11 | 国際電信電話株式会社 | 分布帰還形半導体レ―ザ装置およびその電流注入方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-07-12 DE DE69033405T patent/DE69033405T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-12 JP JP2184832A patent/JP2966485B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-12 EP EP90307626A patent/EP0409487B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-13 CA CA002131362A patent/CA2131362C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-13 CA CA002021140A patent/CA2021140C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-14 KR KR1019900010712A patent/KR940007603B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-11-08 US US07/789,427 patent/US5170402A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0409487B1 (de) | 1999-12-29 |
DE69033405T2 (de) | 2000-07-20 |
CA2021140C (en) | 1994-11-15 |
JPH03174791A (ja) | 1991-07-29 |
KR940007603B1 (ko) | 1994-08-20 |
US5170402A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
JP2966485B2 (ja) | 1999-10-25 |
EP0409487A2 (de) | 1991-01-23 |
CA2131362A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
EP0409487A3 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
KR910003873A (ko) | 1991-02-28 |
CA2131362C (en) | 1998-11-24 |
CA2021140A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
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