DE2439178C2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl von Fäden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl von FädenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2439178C2 DE2439178C2 DE2439178A DE2439178A DE2439178C2 DE 2439178 C2 DE2439178 C2 DE 2439178C2 DE 2439178 A DE2439178 A DE 2439178A DE 2439178 A DE2439178 A DE 2439178A DE 2439178 C2 DE2439178 C2 DE 2439178C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- threads
- electrostatic field
- layer
- electrode
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/0023—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer melt
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
- D01H4/28—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques using electrostatic fields
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1179373A CH570493A5 (en, 2012) | 1973-08-16 | 1973-08-16 | |
| CH1559273 | 1973-11-06 | ||
| CH1738073A CH584769A5 (en, 2012) | 1973-08-16 | 1973-12-12 | |
| CH108274A CH586775A5 (en, 2012) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-01-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2439178A1 DE2439178A1 (de) | 1975-02-27 |
| DE2439178C2 true DE2439178C2 (de) | 1983-10-06 |
Family
ID=27428082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2439178A Expired DE2439178C2 (de) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl von Fäden |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4230650A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS5622983B2 (en, 2012) |
| AR (1) | AR201959A1 (en, 2012) |
| AT (1) | AT343779B (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE818914A (en, 2012) |
| BR (1) | BR7406402D0 (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1099870A (en, 2012) |
| CH (3) | CH570493A5 (en, 2012) |
| CS (1) | CS223801B2 (en, 2012) |
| DD (1) | DD114107A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE2439178C2 (en, 2012) |
| DK (1) | DK146009C (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES429307A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2324766A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB1484584A (en, 2012) |
| IE (1) | IE41322B1 (en, 2012) |
| IN (1) | IN140451B (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1019995B (en, 2012) |
| LU (1) | LU70733A1 (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL173192C (en, 2012) |
| PL (1) | PL98125B1 (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE408067B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (57)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH620483A5 (en, 2012) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-11-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | |
| DE2965672D1 (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1983-07-21 | Ici Plc | Production of electrostatically spun products |
| EP0090062B1 (de) * | 1982-03-29 | 1987-02-04 | Rhodia Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Elektret-Filamenten, -Spinnfasern oder dergleichen |
| GB2121286B (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-11-06 | Ethicon Inc | Improvements in synthetic vascular grafts, and methods of manufacturing such grafts |
| US5192638A (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1993-03-09 | Spectrum Sciences B.V. | Toner for use in compositions for developing latent electrostatic images, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved toner |
| GB2189738B (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1989-11-15 | Ethicon Inc | Apparatus for producing fibrous structures electrostatically |
| MY143286A (en) | 1996-05-21 | 2011-04-15 | Panasonic Corp | Thin film, method and apparatus for forming the same, and electronic component incorporating the same |
| IL119809A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 2001-06-14 | Nicast Ltd | A device for the production of a complex material for filtration and a method for its application |
| EP1035239B1 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2005-05-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent, flexible, structure comprising starch fibers |
| WO2001032292A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-10 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media |
| US6716274B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2004-04-06 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Air filter assembly for filtering an air stream to remove particulate matter entrained in the stream |
| US6743273B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2004-06-01 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures |
| US6740142B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2004-05-25 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Industrial bag house elements |
| US6800117B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2004-10-05 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filtration arrangement utilizing pleated construction and method |
| US7115150B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2006-10-03 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Mist filtration arrangement utilizing fine fiber layer in contact with media having a pleated construction and floor filter method |
| US20020092423A1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2002-07-18 | Gillingham Gary R. | Methods for filtering air for a gas turbine system |
| US6673136B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2004-01-06 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Air filtration arrangements having fluted media constructions and methods |
| US7270693B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2007-09-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures |
| US6746517B2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2004-06-08 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter structure with two or more layers of fine fiber having extended useful service life |
| DE10109474C1 (de) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-06-20 | Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke | Filtermaterialien mit bipolarer Beschichtung |
| RU2300543C2 (ru) | 2001-05-31 | 2007-06-10 | Дональдсон Компани, Инк. | Составы тонкого волокна, способы их получения, способ изготовления тонковолокнистого материала |
| CN1774321A (zh) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-05-17 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | 用来静电处理聚合物制剂的设备和方法 |
| CZ20032421A3 (cs) * | 2003-09-08 | 2004-11-10 | Technická univerzita v Liberci | Způsob výroby nanovláken z polymerního roztoku elektrostatickým zvlákňováním a zařízení k provádění způsobu |
| US7592277B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2009-09-22 | Research Triangle Institute | Nanofiber mats and production methods thereof |
| US7762801B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2010-07-27 | Research Triangle Institute | Electrospray/electrospinning apparatus and method |
| US7134857B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-11-14 | Research Triangle Institute | Electrospinning of fibers using a rotatable spray head |
| US7297305B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2007-11-20 | Research Triangle Institute | Electrospinning in a controlled gaseous environment |
| US7390760B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2008-06-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite nanofiber materials and methods for making same |
| US8770959B2 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2014-07-08 | University Of Akron | Device for producing electrospun fibers |
| US20070148365A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-06-28 | Knox David E | Process and apparatus for coating paper |
| TWI306909B (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-03-01 | Taiwan Textile Res Inst | Electrostatic spinning apparatus |
| CN101611179A (zh) * | 2007-02-14 | 2009-12-23 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 聚合物或低聚物纤维的无溶剂静电纺丝 |
| CZ17577U1 (cs) * | 2007-03-08 | 2007-06-11 | Elmarco S. R. O. | Zarízení pro výrobu nanovláken a/nebo nanocástic z roztoku nebo tavenin polymeru v elektrostatickémpoli |
| BRPI0811373A2 (pt) * | 2007-05-30 | 2015-06-16 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | "processo de eletrofiação, meio de filtro de compósito poroso e processo para preparar um meio de filtro de compósito poroso" |
| CZ2007485A3 (cs) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-04-22 | Elmarco, S. R. O. | Zpusob zvláknování kapalné matrice, zarízení pro výrobu nanovláken elektrostatickým zvláknováním kapalné matrice a zvláknovací elektroda pro takové zarízení |
| US7815427B2 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2010-10-19 | Clarcor, Inc. | Apparatus and method for reducing solvent loss for electro-spinning of fine fibers |
| US7967588B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2011-06-28 | Clarcor Inc. | Fine fiber electro-spinning equipment, filter media systems and methods |
| JP5468548B2 (ja) | 2007-11-20 | 2014-04-09 | クラーコア インコーポレーテッド | 濾過媒体、１００ナノメートル未満の細繊維および方法 |
| US20090266759A1 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Clarcor Inc. | Integrated nanofiber filter media |
| US20100041296A1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Lopez Leonardo C | Electroblowing of fibers from molecularly self-assembling materials |
| US20100084791A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-08 | Xingtao Wu | Methods of manufacturing fibers |
| WO2010065350A1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-10 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Extruding molecularly self-assembling organic polymers |
| US8172092B2 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-05-08 | Clarcor Inc. | Filter having melt-blown and electrospun fibers |
| CZ2009149A3 (cs) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-22 | Elmarco S.R.O. | Zpusob ukládání funkcní vrstvy polymerních nanovláken na povrch podkladu |
| US20110210061A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Clarcor Inc. | Compressed nanofiber composite media |
| CZ306438B6 (cs) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-01-25 | Elmarco S.R.O. | Způsob a zařízení pro nanášení kapalné polymerní matrice na zvlákňovací struny |
| CN103194806B (zh) * | 2013-04-25 | 2015-06-17 | 杨宝麟 | 聚合物溶液静电纺丝组件、装置和方法 |
| CN103215665B (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-06-17 | 青岛大学 | 一种复式环形电极静电纺丝装置 |
| CN103469319B (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-09-09 | 北京化工大学 | 一种金属网带式熔体静电纺丝装置及工艺 |
| CN104689641B (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2017-04-12 | 纳米及先进材料研发院有限公司 | 交织的过滤屏障 |
| CN105369366B (zh) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-06-23 | 北京化工大学 | 一种多孔柔性管无针静电纺丝装置 |
| CN106012050B (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-08-31 | 佛山轻子精密测控技术有限公司 | 一种批量制备纳米纤维的静电纺丝装置 |
| CN108382812B (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-12-03 | 上海飞为智能系统股份有限公司 | 用于智能生产线中的物料上料机构 |
| CN108166080A (zh) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-06-15 | 北京化工大学 | 一种蘸液式静电纺丝装置 |
| CN108411385A (zh) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-17 | 东华大学 | 一种顺重力鸭嘴形静电纺丝装置及方法 |
| CN109695063A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-30 | 吉林农业大学 | 一种无针式静电纺丝装置 |
| CN115157474A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-11 | 青岛科技大学 | 基于熔体静电纺丝法的自增强塑料造粒装置、方法及应用 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR707191A (fr) * | 1929-12-07 | 1931-07-03 | Ver Fur Chemische Ind Ag | Procédé pour fabriquer des fils artificiels |
| US2048651A (en) * | 1933-06-23 | 1936-07-21 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Method of and apparatus for producing fibrous or filamentary material |
| DE661204C (de) * | 1934-12-01 | 1938-09-23 | Anton Formhals Dipl Ing | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kuenstlichen Fasern |
| DE896402C (de) * | 1941-11-06 | 1953-11-12 | Alkor Werk Karl Lissmann K G | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Wirrvliesen |
| US2336745A (en) * | 1941-12-20 | 1943-12-14 | Fred W Manning | Method and apparatus for making unwoven and composite fabrics |
| DE898144C (de) * | 1943-02-11 | 1953-11-26 | Lissmann Alkor Werk | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von UEberzuegen, insbesondere nahtlosen UEberzuegen |
| NL193390A (en, 2012) * | 1953-12-24 | |||
| US3280229A (en) * | 1963-01-15 | 1966-10-18 | Kendall & Co | Process and apparatus for producing patterned non-woven fabrics |
| DE1266441B (de) * | 1966-11-21 | 1968-04-18 | Karlheinz Seiffert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Fasern aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff |
| US3366503A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1968-01-30 | Eagle Picher Ind Inc | Process of embedding flock in a polyethylene substrate |
| US4069026A (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1978-01-17 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Filter made of electrostatically spun fibres |
| JPS5140630Y2 (en, 2012) * | 1971-05-22 | 1976-10-04 | ||
| US3994258A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1976-11-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the production of filters by electrostatic fiber spinning |
| GB1527592A (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1978-10-04 | Ici Ltd | Wound dressing |
-
1973
- 1973-08-16 CH CH1179373A patent/CH570493A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-12 CH CH1738073A patent/CH584769A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1974
- 1974-01-28 CH CH108274A patent/CH586775A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-14 IT IT7426373A patent/IT1019995B/it active
- 1974-07-30 AR AR254962A patent/AR201959A1/es active
- 1974-08-05 BR BR6402/74A patent/BR7406402D0/pt unknown
- 1974-08-13 DE DE2439178A patent/DE2439178C2/de not_active Expired
- 1974-08-14 LU LU70733A patent/LU70733A1/xx unknown
- 1974-08-14 IE IE1701/74A patent/IE41322B1/xx unknown
- 1974-08-14 FR FR7428342A patent/FR2324766A1/fr active Granted
- 1974-08-14 JP JP9247374A patent/JPS5622983B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-08-14 AT AT665974A patent/AT343779B/de active
- 1974-08-14 CA CA207,048A patent/CA1099870A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-14 CS CS745706A patent/CS223801B2/cs unknown
- 1974-08-14 NL NLAANVRAGE7410874,A patent/NL173192C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-15 SE SE7410400A patent/SE408067B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-15 GB GB36052/74A patent/GB1484584A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-15 DD DD180519A patent/DD114107A5/xx unknown
- 1974-08-15 DK DK435974A patent/DK146009C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-16 PL PL1974173532A patent/PL98125B1/pl unknown
- 1974-08-16 BE BE147663A patent/BE818914A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-16 ES ES429307A patent/ES429307A1/es not_active Expired
- 1974-09-25 IN IN2146/CAL/74A patent/IN140451B/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-02-14 US US05/768,422 patent/US4230650A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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