DE1242427B - Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender UEberzuege - Google Patents
Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender UEberzuegeInfo
- Publication number
- DE1242427B DE1242427B DESCH33772A DESC033772A DE1242427B DE 1242427 B DE1242427 B DE 1242427B DE SCH33772 A DESCH33772 A DE SCH33772A DE SC033772 A DESC033772 A DE SC033772A DE 1242427 B DE1242427 B DE 1242427B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- acid
- formalin
- shiny
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical class CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000963 oxybis(methylene) group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzalacetone Natural products CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCJLOOJRNPHKAV-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CO1 ZCJLOOJRNPHKAV-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBKGJMYPQZODMI-SNAWJCMRSA-N (e)-4-(furan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CO1 GBKGJMYPQZODMI-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FEGVSPGUHMGGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy cinnamic acid Natural products COC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC(O)=O FEGVSPGUHMGGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723347 Cinnamomum Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkylene radical Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl Chemical compound O[CH2] CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEGVSPGUHMGGBO-VOTSOKGWSA-N (E)-2-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(O)=O FEGVSPGUHMGGBO-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD142122 Natural products OC1=CC=C(C=CC=O)C=C1O AXMVYSVVTMKQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000649 benzylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012754 curcumin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940109262 curcumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004148 curcumin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010957 pewter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000498 pewter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
- C25D3/32—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin characterised by the organic bath constituents used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D233/14—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL124247D NL124247C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1963-08-28 | ||
| NL134963D NL134963C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1963-08-28 | ||
| DESCH33772A DE1242427B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1963-08-28 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender UEberzuege |
| DESCH35588A DE1246346B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-05 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender Zinnueberzuege |
| US391790A US3361652A (en) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-24 | Electrodeposition of bright tin |
| GB34585/64A GB1022746A (en) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-24 | Electrodeposition of bright tin |
| FR986150A FR1405752A (fr) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-25 | Bain galvanique pour le dépôt électrolytique de couches d'étain d'éclat vif à brillant |
| CH1121664A CH449372A (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-27 | Galvanisches Bad |
| NL6409945A NL6409945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-27 | |
| BE652405D BE652405A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-28 | |
| NL6801713A NL6801713A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1963-08-28 | 1968-02-07 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DESCH33772A DE1242427B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1963-08-28 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender UEberzuege |
| DESCH35588A DE1246346B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-05 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender Zinnueberzuege |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1242427B true DE1242427B (de) | 1967-06-15 |
Family
ID=25993112
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DESCH33772A Pending DE1242427B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1963-08-28 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender UEberzuege |
| DESCH35588A Pending DE1246346B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-05 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender Zinnueberzuege |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DESCH35588A Pending DE1246346B (de) | 1963-08-28 | 1964-08-05 | Galvanisches Zinnbad zum Abscheiden blanker bis glaenzender Zinnueberzuege |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3361652A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE652405A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH449372A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (2) | DE1242427B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1022746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (4) | NL6409945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1621173B1 (de) * | 1967-07-27 | 1970-12-23 | Parker Ste Continentale | Galvanisches Zinnbad und Verfahren zur Verzinnung |
| US3755096A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-08-28 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Bright acid tin plating |
| FR2509756A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-01-21 | Edinen Zentar Chim | Electrolyte pour le depot de revetements d'etain brillant |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL128321C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1965-02-13 | |||
| NL6505921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1965-05-11 | 1966-11-14 | ||
| NL151449B (nl) * | 1966-09-14 | 1976-11-15 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van een zuur bad voor het elektrolytisch neerslaan van tin. |
| NL6910903A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1969-07-16 | 1971-01-19 | ||
| US3785939A (en) * | 1970-10-22 | 1974-01-15 | Conversion Chem Corp | Tin/lead plating bath and method |
| US3875029A (en) * | 1974-02-19 | 1975-04-01 | R O Hull & Company Inc | Plating bath for electrodeposition of bright tin and tin-lead alloy |
| US4207148A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1980-06-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of tin and tin/cadmium deposits |
| DE2650572C2 (de) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-09-14 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zur Mengenüberwachung eines Netzmittels in einem Elektrolyt für die Oberflächenbehandlung von Metallen |
| US4139425A (en) * | 1978-04-05 | 1979-02-13 | R. O. Hull & Company, Inc. | Composition, plating bath, and method for electroplating tin and/or lead |
| PL120216B1 (en) * | 1979-01-11 | 1982-02-27 | Politechnika Warszawska | Process for electrochemical manufacture of bright tin coatingsovjannykh pokrytijj |
| EP0319997B1 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1995-10-04 | LeaRonal, Inc. | Tin, lead or tin/lead alloy electrolytes for high speed electroplating |
| US5174887A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1992-12-29 | Learonal, Inc. | High speed electroplating of tinplate |
| US4844780A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-07-04 | Maclee Chemical Company, Inc. | Brightener and aqueous plating bath for tin and/or lead |
| US8440065B1 (en) | 2009-06-07 | 2013-05-14 | Technic, Inc. | Electrolyte composition, method, and improved apparatus for high speed tin-silver electroplating |
| CN101962790B (zh) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-05-23 | 河南科技大学 | 一种半光亮酸性镀锡的电解质组合物 |
| EP2740820A1 (de) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-11 | Dr.Ing. Max Schlötter GmbH & Co. KG | Elektrolyt und Verfahren zur Abscheidung von lötbaren Schichten |
| JP6133056B2 (ja) | 2012-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | ローム・アンド・ハース電子材料株式会社 | スズまたはスズ合金めっき液 |
| CN116745467A (zh) | 2020-12-18 | 2023-09-12 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于锡或锡合金电镀的包含流平剂的组合物 |
| CN119630838A (zh) | 2022-07-26 | 2025-03-14 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含流平剂的用于锡或锡合金电镀的组合物 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1185579A (fr) * | 1957-10-30 | 1959-08-03 | Perfectionnements à l'électrolyse des solutions aqueuses de sels métalliques |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE508197A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1951-01-12 | |||
| DE971778C (de) * | 1953-05-05 | 1959-03-26 | Max Schloetter Fa Dr Ing | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Zinn aus sauren Elektrolyten |
| US3082157A (en) * | 1958-06-23 | 1963-03-19 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Electrodeposition of tin |
-
0
- NL NL124247D patent/NL124247C/xx active
- NL NL134963D patent/NL134963C/xx active
-
1963
- 1963-08-28 DE DESCH33772A patent/DE1242427B/de active Pending
-
1964
- 1964-08-05 DE DESCH35588A patent/DE1246346B/de active Pending
- 1964-08-24 GB GB34585/64A patent/GB1022746A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-08-24 US US391790A patent/US3361652A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-08-27 NL NL6409945A patent/NL6409945A/xx unknown
- 1964-08-27 CH CH1121664A patent/CH449372A/fr unknown
- 1964-08-28 BE BE652405D patent/BE652405A/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-02-07 NL NL6801713A patent/NL6801713A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1185579A (fr) * | 1957-10-30 | 1959-08-03 | Perfectionnements à l'électrolyse des solutions aqueuses de sels métalliques |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1621173B1 (de) * | 1967-07-27 | 1970-12-23 | Parker Ste Continentale | Galvanisches Zinnbad und Verfahren zur Verzinnung |
| US3755096A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-08-28 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Bright acid tin plating |
| FR2509756A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-01-21 | Edinen Zentar Chim | Electrolyte pour le depot de revetements d'etain brillant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3361652A (en) | 1968-01-02 |
| NL6409945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1965-03-01 |
| NL6801713A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1968-04-25 |
| NL124247C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| GB1022746A (en) | 1966-03-16 |
| DE1246346B (de) | 1967-08-03 |
| NL134963C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| CH449372A (de) | 1967-12-31 |
| BE652405A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-12-16 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |