DE1061953B - Voluminous loop yarn as well as process and device for its production - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a voluminous loop yarn consisting of an endless artificial thread bundle as well as a method and an apparatus for its manufacture.

With the exception of natural silk, all animal, plant and mineral fibers come in only proportionately short lengths. The manufacture of a yarn from such fibers is time consuming and demanding usually an extensive treatment to align the fibers, to unite them into a ribbon and to distort it to a smaller diameter, whereupon it is turned to avoid that Fibers slide too far past each other and loosen from the bandage. Further work stages in the spinning mill then finally result in the textile usable yarn.

The artificial threads are obtained in endless form as a single thread or a bundle of threads. Because of her extraordinary evenness and because of the absence of irregularities, these are endless Bundles of threads or continuous yarns are much denser than the staple fiber yarns. The threads lie in the continuous yarn or thread bundles close to one another, and in the fabric there are between adjacent continuous yarn runs hardly any gaps. This tightness limits the space required to accommodate the heat insulating Air is available. The lack of air-filled rooms, on the other hand, implies usability such continuous yarn fabric is very degrading. For many purposes, however, are lightness, opacity and bulkiness imparting warmth is essential. You therefore have a large part of the total production on endless threads made of fabrics, such as B. viscose, cellulose acetate, polyamides and polyacrylonitrile on cut short stacks and then processed them into staple yarn.

There have been many attempts to produce a continuous yarn that has the beneficial properties of a Owns staple yarn has been undertaken. The main aim of these experiments was to change the inner structure of the threads, e.g. B. by physical or chemical deformation aimed. By mechanical crimping or twisting of the threads, wavy or helical threads were obtained, but the effect achieved was not satisfactory. Similar unsatisfactory results were achieved if the spinning head was given a movement and the spun threads a chemical one Subjected to treatment. All known methods were insufficient for one reason or another, because she z. B. too low a volume, an inadequate distribution of the load-absorbing Part of the thread, an undesirable change in the thread properties or a lack of dimensional stability and volume Loop yarn

as well as method and device

for its manufacture

Applicant:

EI du Pont de Nemours and Company,
Wilmington, Del. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr.-Ing. W. Abitz, patent attorney,
Munich 27, Gaußstr. 6th

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America December 14, 1951

Alvin Leonard Breen, West Chester, Pa. (V. St. Α.),
has been named as the inventor

or because the procedures were cumbersome and expensive.

The voluminous loop yarn according to the invention, ordered from an endless artificial thread bundle is characterized by the fact that the loops have the shape of intersecting loops, which are formed at random intervals and distributed irregularly in individual threads of the entire thread bundle and of which the loops of some of the individual threads on the inside protrude from the surface of the yarn.

This structure, i.e. the even distribution of bulkiness, distinguishes the yarn according to the Invention of known structures in which loops or loops are also formed. at these known threads or bundles of threads are only loops or loops on the outside, so that wool-like effects appear on the surface, but not an evenly distributed voluminosity is present. This also applies to the decorative and fancy threads, Whole strands or bundles of threads are laid in loops or loops.

In the yarn according to the invention, on the other hand, there are loops, loops or tangles on the single threads, at any intervals and irregularly distributed. The most eye-catching properties of the yarn are that it is high Voluminosity, as well as the presence of many loops of thread irregularly distributed along its surface. These easily visible thread loops also help loosen up the yarn; the less

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3 4

Obvious entanglements of the single threads occur can be shown by twisting the thread inside the thread resulting in a lateral distance and taking the single threads apart, with the single threads between the individual threads, which for the again essentially their original shape on-voluminosity and that take the resulting heat. When fabrics formed from yarns formed from ordinary straight yarns are important in the manufacture of bulkiness of garments. is obtained when the yarn is separated. The loops are very small, complete loops, again essentially straight threads. The yarn can be constructed in which the thread is essentially ring-shaped, using crimped, wavy or self-winding threads, that is to say, overly curled threads; Such threads would "twist", cross each other and, after being separated from the yarn, continue to run in their "ent" direction roughly in the same way as they were originally (this loop shape is assumed in the speaking original form.
With regard to the corresponding geometric curve According to a further embodiment, the invention in English usage as "crunodal" has been used to secure the loops against opening). Most of the loops visible on the surface of the drawn at least some of the loops of the yarn of the invention are looped. The yarn can also be almost circular or ring-shaped. Have the loop shape in the twist, which is not a condition - the inside of the yarn is more difficult to observe, but it shows that, due to the intertwining of loops, pressure from the threads surrounding the loops can achieve sufficient strength to give it somewhat more intricate shapes. to prevent pulling the loops.

The loop yarn according to the invention is also 20 The yarn according to the invention is as voluminous as staple fibers or more voluminous than a comparable yarn for many purposes Fibers spun staple yarn, which proves that it has no loose thread ends. It moved to the cross section, the same average but can, if desired, also in this regard has borrowed thread count without making it forming the fiber yarn similar. The yarn Threads are roughened or cut and without that 25 according to this embodiment is on its upper part Structure is destroyed or otherwise changed. It compares area with outstanding severed loops in relation to the desired staple yarn properties obtained by cutting open or singeing, how lightness, opacity and warmth are related.

lending voluminosity or maturity, the staple The yarn according to the invention can also be broken up in fiber yarn, but at the same time has the desired 30 levels loosened, whereby an effect yarn properties of endless threads, free of loose ends, is created, in which voluminous sections with not to be, not to fibers and not changing the pilling to voluminous sections,
subject. It is sufficiently uniform to be able to easily A yarn of the type according to the invention can be processed on textile machines from an endless thread bundle in a cumbersome manner and to produce extremely uniform fabrics and the like, 35 can be produced by hand. To do this, one would have to separate the bulk or the individual threads from the bundle of threads and reduce the cohesion in them, as it is for some to form a slack, which is then characteristic of mechanically crimped yarns, by making a small loop or loop have too regular a structure. This is how it is formed, which is then secured in position by twisting the yarn without difficulty on automatic weaving thread bundles or by twisting the loop with a thread similar to an adjacent thread formed in chairs and automatic knitting machines. The increased opacity that holds it in position. Repetition of the goods made it possible to produce a larger area of fabric from the same process at intervals along each thread by weight of the yarn - one could finally produce the desired yarn structure. In addition, the scope of the 45 is retained.

Artificial threads very expanded; You can now to The invention provides a method available, many purposes in place of expensive or rare fibers with which the desired yarn structure can be achieved quickly and in be used. Manufactured from the yarn, not surprisingly easily obtained. This modified fabrics usually have a stiffer process, characterized by being an endless one Handle as 50 artificial thread bundles made from appropriate staple yarn by means of a strong gas product, whereby they hang materials for decoration and pre-flow or liquid flow through a narrow pipe, Suits, coats, etc. are more suitable. leads and after leaving it with a substantial

In the yarn according to the invention, a lower speed is preferably borrowed than in the tube.

at least some of the threads are drawn from fully synthetic.

Threads formed. However, the yarn according to the invention is 55. The gas or liquid flow emerges here from all endless textile threads, regardless of the limited space of the tube, quickly under pictures Origin available, which, however, be multi-threaded from a vertebral area. The threads of the thread must because the entanglements of every single bundle carried by the flow of the treatment medium Thread is carried along in its position by neighboring threads, are in the turbulent flow hold or be secured in position. The minimum thread - 60 separated and violently whipped around, wozahl, which is satisfactory to the volumi- by getting the desired loops and others Nose yarn can be processed, changes with the ever- entanglements that are formed in arbitrary Abweiligen Thread material and depends on factors such as the stalls and irregularly distributed along the threads Surface smoothness, the thread denier and the bending position. Those in the turbulent flow from each other module from; but every endless, multifilament thread, separated and swirled in the textile, becomes an ore technique referred to as a yarn material can be in the development of the yarn according to the invention simply from the bring this loosened, voluminous shape. Vertebral area removed and reunited; in the

The thread entanglements can remain with the entanglements formed by the threads

Twine usually given twist to be secured in position. Pulling off, winding up and further processing

That no internal structural changes are made.

5 6

This preferred method has the essential feature of a turbulent flow or a nozzle, the additional advantage that the voluminous yarn is obtained without the type described vertically, but can also be cut by first cutting the endless thread material on a stack of a differently formed eddy flow and that Stacks then become in the form of twine. Air is a must as a treatment medium. The production is simple and economical, but you can also comprischaftlich with others; it can work directly with synthetic gases or liquids. One thread generation initially accumulating endless thread could also be used as a starting material bundle to achieve a similar effect. The piezoelectric or magnetostrictive nature of the process enables its use to work with motion transmission devices, but at any stage of the yarn production or application of a flowing medium it prepares winding without the normal labor - low cost and in set-up and operation and operation needs to be interrupted and without maintenance so simply that they arise of themselves as major investment costs. The preferred and best type of procedure results in significant advantages,
of the method further consist in the fact that there is only one device that is well suited for carrying out the little monitoring according to the invention and only very low maintenance costs, since moving mechanical parts are missing due to an injector-like thread guide with watch and no temperature or dampening and discharge roller pairs, of which the take-off force control is required. roller pair rotates at a lower speed

The ratio of the yarn take-off speed to the pair of feed rollers.

the speed at which the bundle of threads is fed into the 20 This device, which is quick and economical Pipe is fed, determines the achieved treatment allows, is very simple, permanent volumetric degree, because of the take-off speed and not susceptible to interference, because of the swirling of the filament that through the formation of the loops and gates, d. H. for the injector-like thread guide, none loops occurring shortening of the yarn moving mechanical parts are required, is bordered. In a further embodiment of the invention 25 In a further embodiment of the invention is the is accordingly conical in order to influence the volume outlet opening of the thread guide nositätsgrad des yarn the take-off speed tapered end portion of the same, wherein they of the threads in relation to their feed speed in a nozzle chamber provided with a side feed for the handling medium

As a rule, the exit groove used is a 3 ° streamlined nozzle bore opening. These

twisted bundles of thread. However, you can also work with training results in a smoother work and a

satisfactory result a rotated output material more effective utilization of the treatment medium,

use when one is the one who separates his threads

kung, e.g. B. by using higher pressures, thread guide formed into a tube that is in a

strengthens. 35 nozzle chamber opens in front of an outlet opening which

In the case of the yarn according to the invention, in particular a baffle plate is connected downstream with a ge, wherein

know decrease in tensile strength below that for supplying the treatment medium one in the

of an ordinary continuous yarn to be expected, since it opens into the nozzle chamber and is more helical

any given point in the invention passage is provided.

according to loosened yarn, some threads when pulling 40 Further advantages and purposes of the invention

stress cannot be kept under tension. result from the following explanation. hand

However, this can be done by turning the drawings and examples more strongly. The drawings, in

the formation of loops, which other those preferred embodiments of the invention

Loops comprising, or represented by a heat fixation, are shown in FIG

z. B. steam treatment, for granting a permanent 45 Fig. 1 schematically in a perspective view

Fixation limited to a minimum or on one for the production of the inventive volumi-

be weighed. suitable device,

Another advantage of the invention is that Fig. 2 shows the nature of an untreated it enables extremely fine-titer threads to be made into thread bundles, which are voluminous yarns extremely evenly 5 ° medium is fed, in side view (about ten-quality to unite, for which it is enlarged in the fiber compartment),

there is no counterpart at all. There are further voluminous Fig. 3 in side view of the thread, while it

multifilament yarns of finer titer available than they emerge from the flow of the treatment medium and

in practice spun from staple fibers is drawn down from the vortex zone (approx

can. One can also enlarge tenfold by simultaneous 55 maneuvering),

Treatment of several types of thread mixed yarns obtained, which Fig. 4 in side view the nature of the leg favorable combination of thread-own-traded yarn before twisting the same (about ten shafts own. times enlarged),

A discharge of the yarn from the turbulent Fig. 5 in side view the nature of the

Electricity by suddenly removing it from its straight, voluminous yarn after ^{twisting (about tenfold}

linear trajectory, e.g. B. by deflecting the enlarged),

turbulent flow and / or the yarn, leads to FIG. 6 in the form of a graphical representation

Form a better yarn. This can e.g. B. by increasing the so-called, explained in more detail below

a baffle or the like, which have a through-dated drainage point with that of the voluminous

let can have for the yarn. 65 twist given to yarn,

The yarn only needs to be guided on a sufficient Fig. 7 in side view after a different stretch through a sufficiently swirled or turbulent guide of the method according to the invention, yarn concerned with the threads (enlarged approximately ten times),
to separate from each other and in them the described Fig. 8 to form another embodiment of one for intertwining. It does not need a nozzle suitable for carrying out the invention,

7 8

9 shows another type of nozzle and initially holds a steep, almost straight one

Fig. 10 on the basis of a cross section of a fabric, line showing the modulus of elasticity. As soon

which is made from the yarn according to the invention, sliding of the threads in the yarn begins to occur,

the distribution of the threads in the yarn (about fifty times, the points obtained usually scatter around one

enlarged). 5 less steep line. By extending this

According to Fig. 1, the endless lines to be treated give an intersection point; the this

Thread bundle 22 of z. B. a tensile stresses corresponding to a coil point are shown in FIG. 6

stator 21 arranged winding 20 supplied; its plotted as ordinate values.

However, delivery can be from any suitable sample illustrated by the curve

Source, even without any interim winding io, the release point for zero rotation begins with one

directly from the spinning process. The low thread value of around 20 g then rises rapidly

Bundle 22 runs through guides 23 and 24 and is worth about 64 g at six turns each

further through the pair of feed rollers 25.26 to the nozzle 2V2 cm and then has more than ten rotations each

27, which is shown partly in section. The nozzle 27 2V2 cm has an approximately constant value of about

has a tubular thread guide 29, with wel- 15 69 g. The measurements on which curve A is based

rather a feed pipe 28 for the treatment medium were carried out on a yarn, which after the

is connected by screwing or brazing. inventive method from a non-rotated

The thread guide 29 and the feed tube 28 are 40-thread 150-denier cellulose acetate thread bundles in one

arranged at such an angle to each other, feed speed of 26.4 m / min, below

that the treatment agent flowing through the pipe 20 using compressed air of 1.3 atmospheres at a

electricity is strong enough to carry the yarn along. The flow rate of 13.9 l / min, (measured

Thread guide 29 can have such small dimensions at 760 mm Hg and 21 ⁰ C) was produced and one

like a length of about 2 ¹ Za cm and an inner end titre of 190 den. At a discount point

have a diameter of 1.3 mm. of at least 0.15 g / den is for common textiles

The appearance of the titer entering the nozzle 27 shows sufficient tensile strength, albeit a bundle of threads, is shown in FIG. 2; the threads of the thread - also higher reduction points are appropriate,
bundles have a relatively straight course. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the invention and lie close to one another, which results in a rod-like yarn with only a slight similar appearance. When exiting the nozzle or no rotation is required to get the thread bundle through the flow of the handler 30 moderately high points of release. This increased ventilation medium blown apart (Fig. 3). With high stability of the yarn based on the frequent on-frame change number of film recordings produced by thread shifts, which are shown by intertwining, that the individual threads are formed by the vortex looped thread loops by the current of the treatment medium violently whipped around z. B. the thread loops at the base or crossing become. When the yarn is withdrawn from the vortex point, it is surrounded by other thread loops, which loops form in a number of individual threads, which can be seen most clearly at a, b and c in FIG. An attempt to stretch this yarn results in the re-forming thread bundle being held. Closing of many of the other loops after passing through the vortex zone and the re-loops, whereby the parts thus encompassed against a union of the threads to form the thread, the thread can be held open and the thread bundle can have the shape shown in FIG. The threads are held together. This yarn is only loosely cohesive and a curve B of FIG. 6 is illustrated. As this curve of strong tensile force would again show the voluminosity, if the yarn is not twisted or slightly twisted on the side, the slack point is much higher than in the case of handing, expediently by twisting the 45-fold yarn together according to Fig. 5. That is stabilized when measuring the threads. the values underlying curve B were used

The loose thread bundle runs over or through which the yarn was made from the same cellulose acetate thread bundle

Guides 30 and 31 and the pair of discharge rollers 32 as that used for curve A in the same

33 and further to a winder, e.g. B. Conditions established with the exception that the

a ring spindle 37. In the 50 air pressure was increased to 1.8 atmospheres in this device, resulting in a

The yarn is usually given a twist, resulting in a flow rate of 15.6 l / min. Of the

after passing the final denier of the yarn on the ring bank 36, it increased due to the in

arranged ring 35 sliding traveler 34 to form a tangled yarn structure shown in FIG

Coil 40 is wound up. The spindle bench is with 205 den.

38 and the drive belt is designated by 39. The 55 One such intertwined or each other

Appearance of the twisted yarn thus obtained shows that the yarn having extensive loops is through

Fig. 5. In the finished yarn, the loops can be a reinforcement of the usual, for loop formation

be smaller than 1 mm. Get these loops and other guiding effects. That can be

Entanglements of the individual threads are done in different ways by z. B. for one

the friction between the threads is held. Because the yarn stays in the swirl zone for a longer period of time

an increase in the rotation causes this friction, which increases the turbulence or turbulence

see the thread reinforced, which varies the loops or the degree of intermingling. The setting

can be secured even more closely. development of the conditions in such a way that instead of the yarn

FIG. 6 shows the effect of a higher shape according to FIG. 5 that according to FIG. 7 or any-

Rotation to the "discount point" of typical yarns. 65 an intermediate yarn shape must be obtained

This relaxation point can be defined as the stress in each case determined by an experiment

The extremely simple nozzle 27 according to FIG. 1 is sufficient for

begin to wane. It is determined by achieving an effective yarn treatment in the

subjecting the yarn to tensile stress and performing the manner described above. A smoother work

obtained elongation-tensile force curve plots. 70 and a more effective use of the treatment

ίο

medium is obtained, however, when using the nozzle shape according to FIG. 8, which instead of the simple Thread guide 29 has a streamlined nozzle bore 41. By the guide member 42 through whose conically tapering end part 43 is the beginning of the thread material to be treated in a position in the air stream can be introduced, in which it is carried along with the treatment medium through the nozzle bore 41 is an automatic piecing or

With the correct setting, automatic threading is obtained, ie the treatment medium generates a sufficiently high vacuum to pull a yarn introduced into the flattened inlet end through the tube and blow it out through the nozzle opening, which considerably simplifies commissioning.
The way in which the threads of the yarn according to the invention are spaced from one another

Threading of the thread material guaranteed. This guidance is shown in FIG. 10. To the Rungsorgan 42 is at 44 in a support body 45 obtaining this representation was made of a tissue screwed in, creating a setting of the voluminous yarn in methyl methacrylate Stand between the conical end portion 43 and the dipped and the same polymerized to form the threads Inlet into the nozzle bore 41 is possible. Be secure in their position. Then the medium of action became A cross-section 50 microns thick is taken through the conduit 28 into the 15 tissue

men. The reproduction of a photomicrograph of the section shown in FIG. 10 clearly shows how the Keep the individual threads at a distance from each other. The interfaces of the loops appear as irregular

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention.

example 1

In the in Fig. 1 \ ^T orrichtung illustrated is treated the Celluloseacetatfadenbündel-150 using the nozzle shown therein an untwisted, 40fädiges, matt. The thread bundle is under

Nozzle inserted.

In the case of the nozzle according to FIG. 9, the treatment medium is fed through the line 28 into one provided in the nozzle Central chamber 49 introduced, flows out of the same through one of the screw part 50 formed with the cutting plane deten helical passage through its shaped points. Effect it is set in a whirling motion, and exits the nozzle through an opening 51. This opening 51 is expediently located in one plug 52 screwed into the nozzle body. It is usually useful, although not a requirement, to split and deflect the emerging jet of the treatment medium. This can z. B. be done by means of a baffle plate 53, which only consists of a right-angled and by means of 30 of the voltage generated by the gas flow of a Screw 54 is made of sheet metal attached to the nozzle. Coil unwound, with one between the coil

and a friction tensioning device arranged on the nozzle adjusts the speed of the thread bundle to about 12 m / min, limited (from the intake and out of the nozzle opening- 35 winding speed and the ratio of the end carried will. Since the abrupt distance of the yarn to the initial titre is calculated). The nozzle will stick out the vortex zone leads to a better product, here z. B. the baffle plate 53 with a passage through which the yarn passes while

is deflected laterally by the sheet. The best diameter values for tube 55 and nozzle opening 51 depend on the thread to be treated. With a titer of about 100 to 400 den a The inner diameter of the tube of 0.58 mm and the nozzle opening of 1.0 mm are satisfactory. Of the Screw part 50 which carries the pipe 55 is screwed into the nozzle body. The distance between the inner end of the tube and the nozzle opening is regulated by turning the screw part, given, the latter only qualitatively, to its outer end with a hex nut 56 because they are difficult to count. I'm all connected or is designed to be such. After determining a suitable setting, the Screw part with a hexagon nut 57 posi-

The thread material to be treated is fed through the screw part 50 and through the tube 55 to the nozzle opening 51 brought up where it- by the air flow

substance supplied at a pressure of 10.5 atü, resulting in a gas consumption of about 11.3 l / min 760 mm Hg and 21 ° C. The yarn will be on the flow of treatment agent 40 to a twister at a speed of

9 m / min, wound, receiving 236 turns / m. The finished voluminous yarn has a titer from 195 den; the size of its thread loops is about 0.5 mm on average.

To the influence of the gas pressure and the yarn speed on the size of the thread loops show, the treatment is repeated changing these conditions. The working conditions and The loop sizes achieved are shown in Table I but "very small" means that the Most loops are smaller than 0.5 mm, "small" a predominant loop size of around 0.40 to

secured. The outer end of the tube 55 is practical 55 0.75 mm, "medium" one of about 0.5 to 1.5 mm, moderate to accommodate the end of the treatment and "large" means that most loops are larger good flattened when threading. than 1.5 mm.

Table I.

A. B. C. D. Gas pressure, atm 10.5
49
36.6
great 10.5
28
16.5
middle 21.1
49
33.8
small 27.4
49
32.0
tiny Yarn feed speed, m / min
Yarn winding speed, m / min
Loop size

Example 2 100-ply 150 denier matt cellulose acetate filament bundle

In the device shown in Fig. 1 is dealt with below. The nozzle is operated with compressed air of 0.4 at

Using the nozzle of Figure 9, an untwisted 70 operated; the thread material is

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speed of 19 m / min, introduced into the air jet and after the treatment with 16.5 m / min, with one Spindle speed of 5800 rpm, wound, receiving 354 Z-twists / m. The air consumption is 5.9 l / min. The finished yarn has s a titer of 175 den, a tensile strength of 0.71 g / den and an elongation of 20.9%. An untreated, 315 Z-twists / m of yarn a titer of 150 den, a tensile strength of 1.2 g / den and an elongation of 26%.

Example 3

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, using the nozzle of Fig. 9, a shiny 80-thread 200-denier thread made of polyacrylonitrile treated with 13 turns / m. The nozzle will Compressed air of 1.1 at supplied; the thread material is the air jet with a speed of 25.1 m / min, fed and after treatment at a speed of 20.8 m / min, at a Spindle speed of 4700 rpm, wound up, receiving 236 Z turns / m. Of the Air consumption is 7.4 l / min. The finished yarn has a titer of 258 den, a tear strength of 1.98 g / den and an elongation of 17.6%. An untreated one with 236 Z-twists / m The thread bundle has a titer of 200 den, a tensile strength of 4.0 g / den and an elongation of 19%.

Example 4

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, using the nozzle of FIG 79 S-twists / m, 60-thread, glossy 150-denier thread made of viscose rayon and a untwisted, 40 thread, matt 150 denier cellulose acetate thread bundle, which are unwound from separate coils and the air jet together at a speed of 19.2 m / min., mixed and treated at the same time. The nozzle will operated with compressed air of 0.7 at; the air consumption is 7.1 l / min. The treated mixed yarn is at a speed of 16.5 m / min. at a spindle speed of 5820 rpm, wound, receiving 354 S-turns / m. The finished mixed yarn has a linear density of 342 den a tensile strength of 0.74 g / den and an elongation of 12.7%. A similar blended yarn that is not in the manner according to the invention is loosened, has a titer of 300 den, a tear strength of 1.27 g / den and an elongation of 16%.

In Examples 1 to 4, the treatment according to the invention increases the titre by 30.0, 16.7, 29.0 and 14.0%, respectively, which is some indication of the extent to which the threads are looped but does not yet show the surprising increase in bulk that the yarn thereby learns that these entanglements keep the threads spaced apart. Like the following two Examples show that this volume increase or loosening is for what is made into a package Yarn generally at least 80%.

Example 5

In the device shown in FIG. 1, using the nozzle according to FIG. 8, a shiny, 30-thread bundle of 75-denier polyacrylonitrile threads having 12 Z-turns / m is treated, the nozzle being supplied with compressed air of 5.6 at. The thread bundle is fed to the air jet at a speed of 49.4 m / min and, after the treatment, is wound up at a speed of 41.1 m / min, receiving 118 S-turns / m. The yarn is wound under a tension of 20 g onto a weft bobbin suitable for precise measurement of the bulkiness. Its volume is 3.3 cm ³ / g, that of the untreated yarn is 1.2 cm ³ / g, which corresponds to an increase in volume of 175%; it is clearly superior to that of otherwise comparable spun staple fiber yarn.

Example 6

In the device according to FIG. 1, using the nozzle according to FIG. 8, an untwisted, matt ISO denier cellulose acetate thread bundle is treated, the nozzle being supplied with compressed air of 0.7 at. Two such thread bundles are fed to the air jet at the same time; the treated thread combined to form the yarn is wound up under a tension of 68 g at a speed of 16.5 m / min, whereby it receives 315 Z-twists / m. The bulk of the yarn is 2.0 cm ⁸ / g compared to 1.1 cm ³ / g for the untreated yarn; the volume is thus increased by 82% despite the winding of the yarn under considerable tension.

Since the properties of the fabric are improved by the yarn treatment according to the invention in which the yarn is used, the increase in volume achieved is best achieved through Observations on such tissues are shown.

Example 7

From an untreated, endless viscose rayon fiber bundle made from a voluminous yarn according to the invention and from a staple fiber yarn, woven fabrics in 2 × 2 twill weave are produced, which are compared with one another in the table. The values given for the volume were measured in accordance with ASTM test standard D-76-49 at 0.21 kg / cm ² using an Ames gauge.

Table II

Type of yarn Yarn titer
the Warp and weft threads / cm thickness
mm Area weight
g / m ⁸ Voluminosity
cm '/ g Untreated
Treated
Staple fiber yarn 300
340
313 24.8 x 23.6
25.2 x 26.8
26.8 x 24.4 0.33
0.53
0.495 170
202
192 1.9
2.6
2.6

Example 8 acrylonitrile are fabrics of comparable number in

From untreated continuous yarn made from one of the plain weave specified in Table III

the same are compared with each other by the treatment according to the invention (those for the volumino-

The volume values obtained in accordance with the above examples were as in Example 7

fine yarn as well as staple fiber yarn made from Poly-70).

Table III

Type of yarn Yarn titer
the Warp and weft threads / cm thickness
mm Basis weight
g / cm ² Voluminosity
cm ³ / g Untreated
Treated
Staple fiber yarn 100
125
133 31.9 x 28.3
31.5 x 25.2
36.6 x 23.6 0.15
0.38
0.318 71.9
80.0
112.6 2.1
4.8
2.8

The results of Examples 7 and 8 show the clear superiority of aus to that according to the invention Yarn made fabrics versus those made from ordinary continuous yarn. The increase in volume is generally measured below 15

the strict conditions described, at least 3O ° / o. The results also show that the voluminous Yarn is equivalent or even superior to spun staple fiber yarn in this respect.

Examples 9 to 33

These examples show that the yarn denier according to the invention can be obtained in the yarn count, the second number the yarn count with good success from a variety of yarn materials and the third number the twists per meter of the yarn materials customary to treat. The identification takes place in a nozzle according to FIG. 8; the data for the initial goods and product as well as the air consumption are based on 760 mm Hg working conditions are in Table IV and 21 ° C.
posed. In the case of the outgoing goods, the first number means

Table IV

example Output Yarn speed
m / min. Winding m / air pressure Air-
consumption Final titre
j Feed 32.0 ELt l / min. the 9 Polyhexamethylene adipamide 70-34-20 Z 45.7 3.7 19.3 286 Cellulose acetate 150-40-0 37.5 10 Polyhexamethylene adipamide 70-34-2OZ 45.7 3.7 19.3 169 Viscose rayon 75-30-0 60.4 11 Polyhexamethylene adipamide 70-34-20 Z 75.0 3.7 18.7 161 Viscose rayon 75-30-0 34.7 12th Polyester 70-34-20 t 45.7 23.8 3.4 34.0 80 13th Polyester 40-34-20 p 28.3 17.4 3.7 24.9 50 14th Polyester 40-34-20 p 22.9 16.5 3.4 35.1 54 15th Polyester 40-34-20 p 21.9 3.5 35.4 247 Cellulose acetate 150-40-0 16.5 16 Polyhexamethylene adipamide 40-13-20 Z 21.9 3.5 38.4 240 Cellulose acetate 150-40-0 102.4 17th Polyhexamethylene adipamide 40-13-20Z 137.2 3.5 20.1 212 Cellulose acetate 150-40-0 32.9 18th Polyhexamethylene adipamide 40-13-20Z 45.7 37.5 2.8 30.0 46 19th Cellulose acetate 300-80-0 43.9 37.5 3.5 33.4 359 20th Viscose rayon 300-50-0 43.9 37.5 3.5 33.4 345 21 Polyacrylonitrile 300-120-12 Z 43.9 37.5 3.5 33.4 354 22nd Polyhexamethylene adipamide 43.9 3.7 33.7 340 280-136-20Z 38.4 23 Polyester 289-136-20Z 43.9 23.8 4.2 35.4 301 24 Viscose rayon 100-60-0 34.7 4.8 36.2 319 Cellulose acetate 150-40-0 23.8 25th Polyhexamethylene adipamide 70-34-20 Z 34.7 4.8 39.1 203 Viscose rayon 100-60-0 23.8 26th Polyacrylonitrile 100-40-12 Z 34.7 4.8 36.2 243 Viscose rayon 100-60-0 23.8 27 Viscose rayon 100-60-0 34.7 4.8 36.2 201 Polyester 70-34-20Z 17.4 28 China raw silk 19.2 16.5 5.3 37.9 149 29 Vinyl chloride acrylonitrile mixed poly 21.9 3.5 34.3 164 more 130-160-118 t 15.5 30th Rayon, high tenacity *) 90-120-118Z 19.2 16.5 3.0 31.4 106 31 Casein 108-60 19.2 18.3 3.5 26.3 130 32 Glass thread 110-115 19.2 16.5 4.9 36.8 112 33 Polyethylene 66-20-276 t 19.2 2.9 30.3 76

*) Regenerated by saponification of cellulose acetate.

Claims (18)

Claims-. 1. A voluminous loop yarn consisting of an endless artificial thread bundle, thereby characterized in that the loops have the shape of self-intersecting loops in any Distances and irregularly distributed in individual threads of the entire thread bundle are formed and of which the loops of some of the inner individual threads from the yarn surface stick out. 2. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the threads are fully synthetic Threads are. 3. Yarn according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least some of the loops have ring-like shape. 4. Yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is rotated. 5. Yarn according to one of claims 1 to 3, da- ao characterized in that at least some of the Loops are intertwined, 6. Yarn according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface the loops protruding from the yarn are severed. 7. Yarn according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that voluminous sections alternate with non-voluminous sections. 8. A method for producing a loop game according to claim 1, characterized in that that an endless artificial thread bundle by means of a strong gas or liquid flow through guided a narrow pipe and after leaving it at a much lower speed than is withdrawn in the tube. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that for the purpose of influencing the degree the volume of the yarn, the take-off speed of the threads is changed with respect to their feed speed. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that that a twisted thread bundle is used as the starting material. 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the treated Yarn is subjected to heat setting. 12. The method according to any one of claims S to 11, characterized in that crimped, wavy or curled thread bundles are subjected to the treatment. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the yarn from the turbulent flow z. B. by deflecting the same and / or the yarn suddenly out of his rectilinear trajectory is removed. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the stream and / or the yarn be deflected from its rectilinear path of movement by means of a deflector plate or the like. 15. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the turbulent Current is brought to act obliquely on the thread bundle. 16. Arrangement for carrying out the procedure according to claim 8, characterized by an injector-like thread guide (27, 28, 29) Feed and discharge roller pairs (25, 26 and 32, 33), of which the discharge roller pair with less Speed revolves as the pair of feed rollers. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the outlet opening of the thread guide is arranged in a tapered end part (43) of the same and in a with a side feed (28) for the treatment medium provided with a streamlined nozzle chamber Nozzle bore (41) opens (Fig. 8). 18. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the thread guide to a tube (55) is formed which opens into a nozzle chamber in front of an outlet opening (51), which in particular a baffle plate (53) is connected downstream, and for supplying the treatment medium an in the nozzle chamber opening helical passage (50) is provided (Fig. 9). Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 594 378, 651 171,
115; French Patent Nos. 769 593, 942 822; Dr. Schams, manual of weaving, dyeing and equipment, Vol. I, »Garne und Zwirne«, Fachbuchverlag GmbH., Leipzig, 1951, p. 212, fig. 99, Pp. 216 and 217. 1 sheet of drawings © 909 578/370 7.59