DE10024576A1 - Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen - Google Patents

Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen

Info

Publication number
DE10024576A1
DE10024576A1 DE10024576A DE10024576A DE10024576A1 DE 10024576 A1 DE10024576 A1 DE 10024576A1 DE 10024576 A DE10024576 A DE 10024576A DE 10024576 A DE10024576 A DE 10024576A DE 10024576 A1 DE10024576 A1 DE 10024576A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
polymer
groups
polymers
covalently
ionically crosslinked
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10024576A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen Kerres
Wei Zhang
Chy-Ming Tang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitaet Stuttgart
Original Assignee
Universitaet Stuttgart
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitaet Stuttgart filed Critical Universitaet Stuttgart
Priority to DE10024576A priority Critical patent/DE10024576A1/de
Priority to MYPI20012300A priority patent/MY128567A/en
Priority to KR1020027014862A priority patent/KR20030007583A/ko
Priority to CA002407250A priority patent/CA2407250C/en
Priority to EP01960223A priority patent/EP1292632A2/de
Priority to PCT/EP2001/005644 priority patent/WO2001087992A2/de
Priority to AU2001281776A priority patent/AU2001281776A1/en
Priority to JP2001585209A priority patent/JP2003533560A/ja
Priority to BR0110876-0A priority patent/BR0110876A/pt
Priority to US10/275,854 priority patent/US6767585B2/en
Priority to CN01809773A priority patent/CN1433442A/zh
Publication of DE10024576A1 publication Critical patent/DE10024576A1/de
Priority to JP2012000782A priority patent/JP5661656B2/ja
Priority to JP2014211222A priority patent/JP2015057484A/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/20—Polysulfones
    • C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/243—Two or more independent types of crosslinking for one or more polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
    • C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
    • C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
    • C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08L71/12—Polyphenylene oxides
    • C08L71/126—Polyphenylene oxides modified by chemical after-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/14—Membrane materials having negatively charged functional groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/42—Ion-exchange membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08J2371/12—Polyphenylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2481/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2481/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
DE10024576A 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen Withdrawn DE10024576A1 (de)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10024576A DE10024576A1 (de) 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen
MYPI20012300A MY128567A (en) 2000-05-19 2001-05-16 Covalently and ionically crosslinked polymers and polymers membranes
JP2001585209A JP2003533560A (ja) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 共有結合性およびイオン結合性架橋高分子および高分子膜
CA002407250A CA2407250C (en) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Covalently and ionically cross-linked polymers and polymer membranes
EP01960223A EP1292632A2 (de) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte polymere und polymermembranen
PCT/EP2001/005644 WO2001087992A2 (de) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte polymere und polymermembranen
AU2001281776A AU2001281776A1 (en) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Ionically and covalently cross-linked polymers and polymer membranes
KR1020027014862A KR20030007583A (ko) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 이온 및 공유 교차 결합된 중합체와 중합체 막
BR0110876-0A BR0110876A (pt) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Polìmeros reticulado covalentemente e ionicamente e membranas de polìmeros
US10/275,854 US6767585B2 (en) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 Ionically and covalently cross-linked polymers and polymer membranes
CN01809773A CN1433442A (zh) 2000-05-19 2001-05-17 共价和离子交联聚合物和聚合物膜
JP2012000782A JP5661656B2 (ja) 2000-05-19 2012-01-05 共有結合性およびイオン結合性架橋高分子および高分子膜
JP2014211222A JP2015057484A (ja) 2000-05-19 2014-10-15 共有結合性およびイオン結合性架橋高分子および高分子膜

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10024576A DE10024576A1 (de) 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE10024576A1 true DE10024576A1 (de) 2001-11-22

Family

ID=7642663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE10024576A Withdrawn DE10024576A1 (de) 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6767585B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP1292632A2 (https=)
JP (3) JP2003533560A (https=)
KR (1) KR20030007583A (https=)
CN (1) CN1433442A (https=)
AU (1) AU2001281776A1 (https=)
BR (1) BR0110876A (https=)
CA (1) CA2407250C (https=)
DE (1) DE10024576A1 (https=)
MY (1) MY128567A (https=)
WO (1) WO2001087992A2 (https=)

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WO2014178744A1 (en) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-06 Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu "Lukoil - Nizhegorodsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektny Institut Po Pererabotke Nefti" Fuel cell for generating electricity using hydrogen sulfide as fuel, method for generating electricity and method of purifying hydrogen sulfide-containing gas using the fuel cell

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DE10024576A1 (de) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-22 Univ Stuttgart Kovalent und ionisch vernetzte Polymere und Polymermembranen
DE10054233A1 (de) * 2000-05-19 2002-05-08 Univ Stuttgart Lehrstuhl Und I Kovalent vernetzte Kompositmembranen
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JP4827044B2 (ja) * 2002-02-28 2011-11-30 ウニヴェルズィテート シュトゥットガルト スルフィナート基を含むオリゴマー及びポリマー、並びにその製造方法
US7402351B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2008-07-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carboxylic acid-based ionomer fuel cells
DE10246373A1 (de) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-15 Celanese Ventures Gmbh Protonenleitende Polymermembran umfassend Sulfonsäuregruppen enthaltende Polyazole und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen
DE10246459A1 (de) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-15 Celanese Ventures Gmbh Protonenleitende Polymermembran umfassend Phosphonsäuregruppen enthaltende Polyazole und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen
US20040110053A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2004-06-10 Kohei Goto Proton conductive composition and proton conductive membrane
JP4875489B2 (ja) * 2003-07-27 2012-02-15 ベーアーエスエフ フューエル セル ゲーエムベーハー プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用
US7071271B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2006-07-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Aqueous emulsion polymerization of functionalized fluoromonomers
US7074841B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2006-07-11 Yandrasits Michael A Polymer electrolyte membranes crosslinked by nitrile trimerization
US7179847B2 (en) 2003-11-13 2007-02-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer electrolytes crosslinked by e-beam
US7265162B2 (en) 2003-11-13 2007-09-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Bromine, chlorine or iodine functional polymer electrolytes crosslinked by e-beam
US7259208B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2007-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane
US7060756B2 (en) 2003-11-24 2006-06-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer electrolyte with aromatic sulfone crosslinking
US7112614B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2006-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Crosslinked polymer
US7060738B2 (en) 2003-12-11 2006-06-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer electrolytes crosslinked by ultraviolet radiation
US7173067B2 (en) 2003-12-17 2007-02-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer electrolyte membranes crosslinked by direct fluorination
JP4710027B2 (ja) * 2004-05-27 2011-06-29 独立行政法人 日本原子力研究開発機構 架橋した燃料電池電解質膜
JP4324518B2 (ja) * 2004-07-09 2009-09-02 株式会社日立製作所 燃料電池用固体高分子電解質及びそれを用いた燃料電池用膜／電極接合体
US6997971B1 (en) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Cross-linked polybenzimidazole membrane for gas separation
DE112007000280A5 (de) 2006-02-03 2008-10-30 HÄRING, Thomas Phosphonsäure-haltige Blends und Phosphonsäure-haltige Polymere
KR20140134310A (ko) 2012-07-24 2014-11-21 미쯔비시 레이온 가부시끼가이샤 도전체, 도전성 조성물, 및 적층체
CN105392846B (zh) 2013-05-16 2018-09-11 三菱化学株式会社 导电性组合物、导电体、层压体及其制造方法、导电性薄膜、以及固体电解电容器
WO2016081432A1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Novel polymers and methods for their manufacture
KR101993983B1 (ko) * 2017-09-14 2019-06-27 성균관대학교산학협력단 기계적 강도 및 접착력이 향상된 하이드로겔 및 이의 제조 방법
CN112703219A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2021-04-23 日本瑞翁株式会社 聚醚化合物和气体分离膜
CN114269459A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2022-04-01 索尔维特殊聚合物美国有限责任公司 包含聚芳醚砜和聚芳醚酮共混物的膜及其制造方法
CN113185695B (zh) * 2021-04-13 2022-09-16 长春工业大学 一种聚醚砜单离子聚合物和单离子凝胶聚合物电解质
KR102837987B1 (ko) * 2022-10-28 2025-07-24 한국화학연구원 강자성체 필름 및 이의 제조방법

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2014178744A1 (en) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-06 Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu "Lukoil - Nizhegorodsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektny Institut Po Pererabotke Nefti" Fuel cell for generating electricity using hydrogen sulfide as fuel, method for generating electricity and method of purifying hydrogen sulfide-containing gas using the fuel cell

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KR20030007583A (ko) 2003-01-23
JP2012111950A (ja) 2012-06-14
CA2407250A1 (en) 2001-11-22
US20030208014A1 (en) 2003-11-06
BR0110876A (pt) 2003-03-11
CA2407250C (en) 2009-09-29
JP2015057484A (ja) 2015-03-26
WO2001087992A3 (de) 2002-05-23
WO2001087992A2 (de) 2001-11-22
US6767585B2 (en) 2004-07-27
JP2003533560A (ja) 2003-11-11
AU2001281776A1 (en) 2001-11-26
MY128567A (en) 2007-02-28
CN1433442A (zh) 2003-07-30
EP1292632A2 (de) 2003-03-19

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