DD143882A5 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines plastifizierten,offenzelligen,geschaeumten zelluloseazetatfilterstabes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines plastifizierten,offenzelligen,geschaeumten zelluloseazetatfilterstabes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DD143882A5 DD143882A5 DD79211535A DD21153579A DD143882A5 DD 143882 A5 DD143882 A5 DD 143882A5 DD 79211535 A DD79211535 A DD 79211535A DD 21153579 A DD21153579 A DD 21153579A DD 143882 A5 DD143882 A5 DD 143882A5
- Authority
- DD
- German Democratic Republic
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose acetate
- item
- zone
- plasticized
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical group CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-acetyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(O)CO KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008259 solid foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQQFUGRGDKRFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethoxy)hexanedioic acid Chemical compound COC(OC)COC(C(O)=O)CCCC(O)=O BQQFUGRGDKRFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VIZORQUEIQEFRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl adipate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC VIZORQUEIQEFRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXDDRFCJKNROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol 1,2-diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(C)=O UXDDRFCJKNROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALFHRKFVQOIIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.OCCOCCOCCO Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.OCCOCCOCCO ALFHRKFVQOIIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUWLTUNFQOQQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.OCCOCCOCCO FUWLTUNFQOQQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010621 bar drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methoxyethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOC HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N dibutyl (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OCCCC PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCQHIEGYGGJLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC HCQHIEGYGGJLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(C)=O UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001724 microfibril Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
- A24D3/0237—Filter rod forming processes by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/55—Screws having reverse-feeding elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/142—Compounds containing oxygen but no halogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
- B29K2001/08—Cellulose derivatives
- B29K2001/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/045—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with open cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/14—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/7414—Smokers'' requisites, e.g. pipe cleaners
- B29L2031/7416—Smokers'' requisites, e.g. pipe cleaners for cigars or cigarettes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/12—Organic compounds only containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, e.g. ketone or alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
- C08J2301/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/05—Use of one or more blowing agents together
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/13—Cell size and distribution control while molding a foam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/886,201 US4180536A (en) | 1978-03-13 | 1978-03-13 | Process for extruding plasticized open cell foamed cellulose acetate filters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DD143882A5 true DD143882A5 (de) | 1980-09-17 |
Family
ID=25388601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD79211535A DD143882A5 (de) | 1978-03-13 | 1979-03-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines plastifizierten,offenzelligen,geschaeumten zelluloseazetatfilterstabes |
Country Status (38)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4180536A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS54128070A (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR216839A1 (ja) |
| AT (1) | AT372250B (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU523075B2 (ja) |
| BE (1) | BE874772A (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR7901524A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1130516A (ja) |
| DD (1) | DD143882A5 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE2909096A1 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK101579A (ja) |
| EG (1) | EG14596A (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES478534A1 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI790848A (ja) |
| FR (1) | FR2419751A1 (ja) |
| GB (2) | GB2015921B (ja) |
| GR (1) | GR66584B (ja) |
| IE (1) | IE48900B1 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL56826A (ja) |
| IT (1) | IT1111534B (ja) |
| KE (1) | KE3332A (ja) |
| LU (1) | LU81034A1 (ja) |
| MT (1) | MTP842B (ja) |
| MW (1) | MW679A1 (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX150672A (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY8500088A (ja) |
| NL (1) | NL7901704A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO790820L (ja) |
| NZ (1) | NZ189882A (ja) |
| OA (1) | OA06214A (ja) |
| PH (1) | PH15810A (ja) |
| PL (1) | PL118832B1 (ja) |
| PT (1) | PT69315A (ja) |
| SE (1) | SE7902211L (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG59683G (ja) |
| YU (1) | YU40841B (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA791181B (ja) |
| ZM (1) | ZM2079A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4507256A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1985-03-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for foaming cellulose acetate rod |
| US4576769A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1986-03-18 | Celanese Corporation | Process for extruding and sizing foamed thermoplastic cigarette filter rods |
| JPS61127741A (ja) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-16 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 酢酸セルロ−ス多孔質成形体及びその製造方法 |
| GB8712617D0 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1987-07-01 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco smoke filters |
| US4980063A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-12-25 | The Dow Chemical Company | Compositions useful for preparing cellulose ester membranes for liquid separations |
| JP2947574B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-17 | 1999-09-13 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 高捲縮弾性率アセテートトウおよびその製造方法 |
| JPH0421275A (ja) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-24 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 小型ビデオ装置及びカメラホルダ |
| FR2663860B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-02 | 1994-03-04 | Sollac | Filtre utilisable pour la separation des composes siliciques contenus dans un bain acide, procede et dispositif pour separarer lesdits composes siliciques. |
| BR9306155A (pt) * | 1992-03-31 | 1998-06-23 | Grace W R & Co | Isolamento de tubo de espuma sintática termoplástica |
| US5275859A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-01-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Tobacco smoke filter |
| DE4322966C2 (de) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-10-26 | Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc | Aus Celluloseacetat geformte Gebilde und ihre Verwendung als Filtertow und Tabakrauchfilterelement |
| CN1129005A (zh) * | 1993-08-10 | 1996-08-14 | 行星聚合物技术股份有限公司 | 可生物降解的、可堆肥的塑料及其制法 |
| GB9407715D0 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1994-06-15 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to tobacco smoke filter elements |
| US5498468A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-12 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Fabrics composed of ribbon-like fibrous material and method to make the same |
| US6057024A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-05-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite elastic material with ribbon-shaped filaments |
| US6435853B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-08-20 | The Japan Steelworks, Ltd. | Apparatus for plasticizing material for molding thermoplastic resin foam |
| US6642429B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2003-11-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Personal care articles with reduced polymer fibers |
| KR100373623B1 (ko) * | 2000-07-20 | 2003-03-04 | 조현국 | 미생물 접촉용 오, 폐수, 하수처리 여재의 제조장치 |
| DE10153820A1 (de) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-15 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Filtersegmente oder Filter für Zigaretten sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| EP1512336B1 (de) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-05-02 | Hauni Maschinbau AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Filterstrangs |
| ATE361004T1 (de) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-05-15 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines filterstrangs |
| US7585441B2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2009-09-08 | Celanese Acetate, Llc | Process of making cellulose acetate tow |
| US9167830B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2015-10-27 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Substituted cellulose acetates and uses thereof |
| US9023757B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Substituted cellulose acetates and uses thereof |
| US9212290B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2015-12-15 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Substituted cellulose acetates and uses thereof |
| US9138967B2 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2015-09-22 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Wood laminate articles comprising substituted cellulose ester adhesives and methods relating thereto |
| WO2014046681A1 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Engineered wood produced with substituted cellulose ester adhesives and methods relating thereto |
| GB201310599D0 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-07-31 | Filtrona Filter Prod Dev Co | Tabacco smoke filter |
| JP6416512B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-19 | 2018-10-31 | 株式会社ダイセル | 中空状たばこフィルター部材の製造方法 |
| CN104055221B (zh) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-06-29 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | 甘油施加防错控制方法、装置和系统 |
| EP3881687A4 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-08-17 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | FILTER SEGMENT, NON-COMBUSTION HEATING TYPE SMOKING ARTICLE AND NON-COMBUSTION HEATING TYPE SMOKING SYSTEM |
| US20230064720A1 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2023-03-02 | Eastman Chemical Company | Biodegradable compositions and articles made from cellulose acetate |
| WO2023003791A1 (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Foamable cellulose acetate compositions, foams and foam articles formed therefrom |
| WO2023034473A1 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-03-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | Cellulose acetate foams |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA651163A (en) * | 1962-10-30 | E. Yarsley Victor | Tobacco smoke filter material | |
| US2085293A (en) * | 1936-05-27 | 1937-06-29 | Hildegarde M Buffington | Smoker's article |
| US2242372A (en) * | 1938-07-26 | 1941-05-20 | Celanese Corp | Method of making porous articles |
| US2372695A (en) * | 1939-06-08 | 1945-04-03 | Celanese Corp | Production of thermoplastic materials in fibrous or cellular form |
| FR921677A (fr) * | 1946-01-17 | 1947-05-14 | Du Pont | Produits plastiques cellulaires, leur procédé de fabrication et leurs applications |
| US3148101A (en) * | 1958-06-26 | 1964-09-08 | Celanese Corp | Process for making non-woven batt |
| LU38122A1 (ja) * | 1959-01-06 | |||
| US3121911A (en) * | 1961-03-08 | 1964-02-25 | Monsanto Chemicals | Foamed resin extrusion process and apparatus |
| US3358695A (en) * | 1962-12-18 | 1967-12-19 | Du Pont | Foams |
| CH438712A (de) * | 1963-12-14 | 1967-06-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschäumten thermoplastischen Materialien |
| GB1182646A (en) * | 1964-07-17 | 1970-02-25 | Monsanto Chemicals | Production of Foamed Products |
| US3502754A (en) * | 1965-05-21 | 1970-03-24 | Owens Illinois Inc | Process of extruding a cellular polymeric composition |
| US3836615A (en) * | 1966-07-01 | 1974-09-17 | Celanese Corp | Method of forming cylindrical foamed cellulose rods enclosed in a rigid skin |
| US3574803A (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1971-04-13 | Celanese Corp | Method of manufacturing a foamed cellulose ester filter |
| GB1220086A (en) | 1967-03-30 | 1971-01-20 | Courtaulds Ltd | Tobacco smoke filters |
| US3843757A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1974-10-22 | Hercules Inc | Process for extruding foamed thermoplastics by utilizing an intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder |
| GB1203498A (en) * | 1968-03-11 | 1970-08-26 | Monsanto Chemicals | Foamed resins production |
| GB1279803A (en) | 1968-10-30 | 1972-06-28 | Monsanto Chemicals | Smoke-filtering elements |
| GB1271274A (en) | 1969-03-25 | 1972-04-19 | Monsanto Chemicals | Filtering element |
| GB1319599A (en) | 1969-11-03 | 1973-06-06 | Monsanto Chemicals | Foamed resins |
| US3861404A (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1975-01-21 | Monsanto Chemicals | Tobacco smoke filter |
| US3939849A (en) * | 1970-11-18 | 1976-02-24 | Monsanto Chemicals Limited | Filter elements |
| US3939237A (en) * | 1971-11-19 | 1976-02-17 | Asahi Dow, Ltd. | Method of making a fluid transmitting porous tube or sheet |
| GB1482216A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-08-10 | Monsanto Ltd | Cigarette filters |
| US4075265A (en) * | 1975-07-18 | 1978-02-21 | Monsanto Research Corporation | Process for making instant shaped foams |
-
1978
- 1978-03-13 US US05/886,201 patent/US4180536A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1979
- 1979-02-26 MT MT842A patent/MTP842B/xx unknown
- 1979-03-02 NL NL7901704A patent/NL7901704A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-03-05 PH PH22251A patent/PH15810A/en unknown
- 1979-03-06 MW MW6/79A patent/MW679A1/xx unknown
- 1979-03-06 GR GR58526A patent/GR66584B/el unknown
- 1979-03-07 AT AT0171779A patent/AT372250B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-03-07 PT PT69315A patent/PT69315A/pt unknown
- 1979-03-07 AU AU44898/79A patent/AU523075B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-08 ZM ZM20/79A patent/ZM2079A1/xx unknown
- 1979-03-08 JP JP2622479A patent/JPS54128070A/ja active Granted
- 1979-03-08 DE DE19792909096 patent/DE2909096A1/de active Granted
- 1979-03-09 FR FR7906126A patent/FR2419751A1/fr active Granted
- 1979-03-09 IL IL56826A patent/IL56826A/xx unknown
- 1979-03-12 BR BR7901524A patent/BR7901524A/pt unknown
- 1979-03-12 IT IT20922/79A patent/IT1111534B/it active
- 1979-03-12 MX MX176891A patent/MX150672A/es unknown
- 1979-03-12 DD DD79211535A patent/DD143882A5/de unknown
- 1979-03-12 ES ES478534A patent/ES478534A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-03-12 SE SE7902211A patent/SE7902211L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-03-12 EG EG79158A patent/EG14596A/xx active
- 1979-03-12 NZ NZ189882A patent/NZ189882A/xx unknown
- 1979-03-12 LU LU81034A patent/LU81034A1/xx unknown
- 1979-03-12 NO NO790820A patent/NO790820L/no unknown
- 1979-03-12 BE BE0/193969A patent/BE874772A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-03-12 CA CA323,199A patent/CA1130516A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-12 DK DK101579A patent/DK101579A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-03-13 AR AR275789A patent/AR216839A1/es active
- 1979-03-13 GB GB7908813A patent/GB2015921B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-13 OA OA56765A patent/OA06214A/xx unknown
- 1979-03-13 PL PL1979214093A patent/PL118832B1/pl unknown
- 1979-03-13 FI FI790848A patent/FI790848A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-03-13 ZA ZA791181A patent/ZA791181B/xx unknown
- 1979-03-13 YU YU611/79A patent/YU40841B/xx unknown
- 1979-03-13 GB GB8133520A patent/GB2091738B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-08 IE IE722/79A patent/IE48900B1/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-09-21 SG SG596/83A patent/SG59683G/en unknown
- 1983-09-27 KE KE3332A patent/KE3332A/xx unknown
-
1985
- 1985-12-30 MY MY88/85A patent/MY8500088A/xx unknown
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